CN100394811C - User plane-based location services (LCS) system,method and apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for providing location services whereby location determination (130) and location disclosure (120) are treated as separate and independent processes or LCS-sessions. Location determination may be performed (as necessary) via a first set of network entities (256, 218, 260) to obtain location information for a mobile station. The location information may be cached for subsequent disclosure to any number of applications. Location disclosure may be performed (when requested) via a second set of network entities (256, 218, 216) to provide the location information. Location determination may utilize a first security procedure for authentication and authorization and to obtain a first session key used for location determination. Location disclosure may utilize a second security procedure for authentication and authorization and to obtain a second session key used for location disclosure. For a roaming mobile station, location determination may be performed via a serving network and location disclosure may be performed via a home network.
Description
Related application
The application requires in the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/452 of submission on March 5th, 2003,358, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/452 that submits on March 7th, 2003,914 and the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/460 that submits on April 5th, 2003,839 priority.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to communication, and relate more specifically to be used for by means of come executing location to determine and provide system, the method and apparatus of positional information based on location-based service (LCS) architecture of user plane.
Background technology
Usually wish to know and must know sometimes a wireless user's position.For example, Federal Communications Committee (FCC) has adopted about strengthening the report and the rule of 911 (E-9-1-1) wireless service, whenever from a travelling carriage incoming call 911 callings the time, all need the position of this travelling carriage (for example cell phone) is offered a public safety answering point (PSAP).Except that the requirement of FCC, a network operator/ISP can support the various application of use location service, and location-based service is the service that the position of travelling carriage can be provided.These application can comprise that for example, (Location-Sensitive Billing), asset tracking, asset monitoring and recovery, fleet and resource management, the personal-location services or the like of chargeing leads in the position.Some examples that are used for the application of personal-location services comprise: (1) provides local map based on the position of a travelling carriage to this travelling carriage; (2) provide recommendation based on the position of this travelling carriage to certain facility (for example hotel or restaurant); (3) provide from the position of this travelling carriage to the direction of the facility of being recommended.
In a lot of traditional cordless communication networks, determine location of mobile station and use this position to integrate.That is to say, if an application need location of mobile station, so just begin a process with determine and the reporting of mobile station position so that used by this application.Owing to multiple reason, this integrated design is not expected.At first, if the position of a travelling carriage of a plurality of application need so just might need repeatedly to determine the position of this travelling carriage, determine location of mobile station one time for each of these application.This makes lower to the usage factor of system resource of preciousness.Secondly, as long as the ISP has added new application, just might need to redesign and be appointed as the network entity of determining and the reporting of mobile station position manages.
Therefore, in the art, need a kind of more effectively executing location to determine and provide system, the method and apparatus of the positional information of travelling carriage.
Summary of the invention
At this a kind of system, method and apparatus that location-based service can be provided effectively described.This system, method and apparatus be based on a LCS architecture, wherein the position is determined and the position disclose as separate and independently process treat.The positional information of determining a travelling carriage is determined to be meant in the position.This positional information can comprise the location estimation to travelling carriage, accuracy in the location estimation or uncertainty, other for information about, or the combination of these information.The position openly is that the application of pointing to request position information discloses this positional information.
Can adopt in the agreement and the machine-processed executing location of " position is determined " layer by the first group network entity and determine.As described below, can use various processes and call flow to come executing location to determine.The use that is used for the specific call flow process determined the position depends on: that the request that (1) is determined the position originates from travelling carriage or originate from network; And (2) are used for determining the ad hoc approach (for example based on IS-801 method or sub-district ID method) of location of mobile station.Can with the positional information buffer memory (promptly being stored in the memory cell) determining by executing location and obtain in travelling carriage and/or network entity for using in the future.
Can adopt at " position is open " layer by the second group network entity, it is positioned at the position determines on the layer, in agreement and machine-processed executing location open.Similarly, can use various processes and call flow to come executing location open.The use that is used for the disclosed specific call flow process in position depends on: (1) the disclosed request in position originated from travelling carriage or originate from network; And where (2) this positional information is cached in.
Can come executing location to determine as required.For example, when the needs positional information, if available positional information out-of-date or can not satisfy the demand the time, or the like, can executing location determine.In case the acquisition positional information, the application that just this positional information openly can be given arbitrary number.Therefore, can only carry out a position and determine, but repeatedly executing location is open to provide this positional information to a plurality of application.Can determine request for each position provides a call details record (CDR), can also openly ask to provide a CDR for each position.CDR can be used for book keeping operation, charge and/or other purpose.
The position is determined to utilize one first security process, is used for: (1) authentication and authentication; And (2) session key is set up to obtain one first session key.First session key can be used for the message that is used for determining the position that is exchanged is authenticated and/or encrypts.The position openly can utilize one second security process, is used for: (1) authentication and authentication; And (2) session key is set up to obtain one second session key.Second session key can be used for the disclosed message in position that is used for that is exchanged is authenticated and/or encrypts.First security process can adopt identical or different security algorithms with second security process.For example, first security process can adopt the MD-5 algorithm, and second security process can adopt authentication and key agreement (AKA) process.For a travelling carriage that has roamed into outside its home network, can come executing location to determine by a service network, and can come executing location open by home network.First session key can be used for the network entity of service network, and second session key can be used for the network entity of home network.
Below different aspect of the present invention and execution mode will be described in more detail.
Description of drawings
From the detailed description that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is more obvious that feature of the present invention, essence and advantage will become, and in whole accompanying drawings, identical label represents to have identical, similar or corresponding feature or function, and wherein:
Figure 1A and Figure 1B show a LCS architecture based on user plane;
Fig. 2 shows the network of realizing the LCS architecture among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B show the call flow of the IP address of travelling carriage and LCS server acquisition SMPC respectively;
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B show respectively and are used for the call flow that the position is determined and the disclosed authentication in position, authentication and session key are set up;
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show the method and the sub-district ID method that are used for based on IS-801 respectively and carry out the definite call flow in position that originates from travelling carriage;
Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 C shows and is used to carry out the disclosed call flow in the position that originates from travelling carriage, and wherein location server is arranged in different entities and positional information is cached in different entities;
Fig. 7 shows and sets up the call flow that it is not the IP address of always online travelling carriage;
Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B show the method and the sub-district ID method that are used for based on IS-801 respectively and come executive termination in the definite call flow in the position of travelling carriage;
Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C shows and is used for executive termination in the disclosed call flow in the position of travelling carriage, and wherein location server is arranged in different entities and positional information is cached in different entities;
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B show respectively and are used to report the call flow that is used for the open and CDR that the position is definite in position; And
Figure 11 shows the block diagram of the various entities in the network of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Represent the meaning of " as example, example or explanation " with " exemplary " speech at this.This be described as " exemplary " any execution mode or the design might not be read as with respect to other execution mode or the design be preferred or favourable.In addition, in the following description, " position " and " location " is the synonymous term that is used alternatingly.
Figure 1A shows the location-based service based on user plane (LCS) architecture 100 that location-based service can more effectively be provided.User plane is the mechanism that can transmit the data that are used for higher layer applications.User plane can be made of the variety of protocol such as User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP), transmission control protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP), and all these agreements all are known in the art.Agreement on the user plane typically depends on other agreement on (lower) control plane, so that true(-)running.
The open layer 120 in position comprises the agreement and the mechanism of the positional information that open (promptly providing) target MS can be provided.Application in the layer 110 can come request position information by agreement and the mechanism called in the layer 120.Then, these agreements and mechanism will be delivered to positional information the application of the request of sending.The position determines that layer 130 comprises the agreement and the mechanism of the positional information that can be used to determine (promptly obtaining) target MS.And if as in case of necessity, can by agreement in the layer 120 and mechanism call layer in 130 agreement and mechanism to determine positional information.Agreement and mechanism in layer 120 and the layer 130 will be described below in more detail.
It openly is two these understanding of self-contained process can separating that LCS architecture 100 position-baseds are determined with the position.The design of this separation of LCS architecture 100 can provide multiple advantage.At first, LCS architecture 100 can relatively easily be supported new application and not need to revise or redesign the definite layer of open layer in following position and position.In addition, LCS architecture 100 can be supported various types of application, uses such as BREW (radio binary environment running time), WAP (WAP (wireless application protocol)), SMS (Short Message Service) and Java.Secondly, can openly give a plurality of application with positional information and do not need individually and obtain this information redundantly.Once more, as described below, different processes can be used for the position is determined to take (AAA) to obtain various advantages with the disclosed authentication in position, authentication and note.
Fig. 2 shows the diagrammatic sketch of realization based on the network 200 of the LCS architecture 100 of user plane.Network 200 comprises a home network 210, service network 250 and third party's network 290.Home network 210 is the cordless communication networks that travelling carriage 280 is registered.(travelling carriage is also referred to as terminal, moving body, wireless device, subscriber equipment (UE) or some other term usually).250 1 of service networks are the cordless communication networks of travelling carriage 280 current reception services.If travelling carriage 280 is being roamed and moved to outside the coverage of home network 210, then service network 250 is different from home network 210.It is not the communication/data network of the part of home network 210 or service network 250 that third party's network 290 is one.For example, third party's network 290 can be a data network of being safeguarded by an ISP.
Home network 210 comprises the entities of various kinds that communicates with one another via an IP network 212.Network entity is in one network and is appointed as the logic entity of carrying out a specific function.Similarly, service network 250 comprises the entities of various kinds that communicates with one another via an IP network 252.IP network 212 and IP network 252 are also connected to an internet ip network 292.Network entity in home network 210, service network 250 and the third party's network 290 can communicate with one another via IP network 212,252 and 292.
In network 200, " location client " and " location server " is two mutual each other functions for open positional information.The positional information of the one or more LCS targets of location client request.Location server provides positional information to the location client of the request of sending.Location client and location server can all be arranged in a travelling carriage or some other network entity.For example, location client can be arranged in the LCS supplier 202a of travelling carriage 280, home network 210, the LCS supplier 202b of service network 250 or the LCS supplier 202c place of third party's network 290.The LCS supplier is the network entity that a use location information provides location-based service.Location server can be arranged in the LCS server 216 of travelling carriage 280 or home network 210.Travelling carriage 280 can be used as a location client, a location server and/or a LCS target.For example, if the position of an application need travelling carriage 280 in the travelling carriage 280, then travelling carriage 280 can be used as location client and LCS target simultaneously.For the sake of simplicity, travelling carriage 280 is LCS targets in the following description.
In home network 210, LCS server 216 is one and is appointed as with the network entity that acts on the disclosed location server in position.LCS server 216 and attribution authentication, authentication and a note expense entity (H-AAA) 218 carry out being used for disclosed authentication in position and authentication with execution alternately.Use subscriber (be user) the stores subscription information of a database 221 as home network 210.For each cordless communication network of hope visit, each user needs " order " usually.Ordering information comprises that the cordless communication network of visiting an appointment is for information about required, such as subscribers identifying information, security information etc.Each user's ordering information is also referred to as " subscriber's profile " or " user profiles (User Profile) ".Ordering information in the database 221 can be visited to reach the purpose of authentication, authentication and note expense by 220 renewals of LCS subscription manager and by H-AAA 218.Message center 222 is responsible for the SMS message of storage, relaying and forwarding travelling carriage.Attaching position register (HLR) 224 storages have been registered to the log-on message of the travelling carriage of home network 210.
In service network 250, Serving Mobile Location Center (SMPC) 256 usefulness are accomplished the point of interface that the position is determined that is used for of service network 250.SMPC 256 and H-AAA 218 are used for authentication and the authentication that the position is determined with execution alternately.SMPC 256 also makes travelling carriage access services position determination entity (SPDE) 260 to determine so that carry out the position.If travelling carriage 280 needs SPDE 260 as being used for the resource that the position is determined, then use SMPC 256 to carry out the authentication and the authentication of travelling carriage 280 alternatively.SPDE 260 determines the geographical position of a LCS target according to certain location service quality (PQoS).PQoS has stipulated the accuracy of the position of LCS target, and it can be applied by the application of the request of sending.As described below, different PQoS demands might be used different location determining method.Access registrar, authentication and note expense entity (V-AAA) 258 are used as the agency of H-AAA 218 and can support to be used for authentication and the authentication that the position is determined.Packet data serving node (PDSN) 270 is responsible for setting up, safeguarding and stop the data session of the travelling carriage in the service network 250.Mobile switching centre (MSC) 272 carries out function of exchange (promptly message and data being carried out route) to the travelling carriage in its overlay area.Data between base station controller (BSC)/Packet Control Function (PCF) 274 control PDSN 270 and current mobile station 280 and its base station that communicates transmit.Visited Location Registor (VLR) (not shown among Fig. 2) storage has been registered to the log-on message of the travelling carriage of service network 250.
Domain name system (DNS) server 223 and 262 is converted to IP address (for example 204.62.131.129) with domain name (for example www.domain-name.com), and network entity needs the IP address to communicate with one another via IP network.Each dns server all receives the DNS inquiry at the IP address of domain name from other network entity, and for these domain names are determined the IP address, and the network entity of the request of sending is beamed back in the DNS response that will have an IP address.Dns server (for example dns server 223) in given network can with other dns server (for example dns server 262) exchange message in other network, with the IP address that obtains to be asked.
For the sake of simplicity, Fig. 2 only shows some network entities in the home network 210 and some network entities in the service network 250.Home network 210 typically also comprises supports the network entity (for example PDE and MPC) definite with the position of home network 210 mobile stations communicating.Correspondingly, service network 250 comprises also that typically its home network of support is the disclosed network entity in position (for example LCS server 216 and LCS subscription manager 220) of the travelling carriage of service network 250.For the sake of simplicity, not shown these other network entities among Fig. 2.In addition, network 210 and network 250 can include a plurality of examples of each network entity.For example, service network 250 can comprise a plurality of PDSN.
Fig. 2 shows the logical view of network 200, and it comprises is appointed as the entities of various kinds of carrying out specific function.These network entities comprise LCS supplier 202a, 202b and 202c, LCS server 216, and H-AAA 218, and SMPC 256, and SPDE 260, or the like.These network entities are logic entities of its each automatic network (home network, service network and third party's network).Network entity shown in Fig. 2 can be realized in various manners.In addition, these network entities can be combined in the same hardware cell or these network entities can be arranged in different hardware cells.
Figure 1B shows the realization of the LCS architecture 100 with the network entity shown in Fig. 2.The position is determined and can be carried out by the first group network entity, to determine the positional information of travelling carriage 280.The position determines that the network entity that can relate to comprises travelling carriage 280, SPDE 260, SMPC256 and H-AAA 218.If the position is determined to need the auxiliary of SPDE 260, then can relate to SPDE260.If the position determine need be from SPDE 260 auxiliary, then can relate to SMPC 256 alternatively.If the position is determined to need authentication and authentication, then can relate to H-AAA 218 alternatively.
The position openly can be carried out by the second group network entity, with the positional information of open travelling carriage 280.The network entity that the position openly can relate to comprises travelling carriage 280, LCS server 216, SMPC 256 and H-AAA 218.If positional information buffer memory (storage) is in SMPC 256, then SMPC 256 is optionally and can relates to SMPC 256.If the position openly need authenticate and authentication, then H-AAA 218 also is optionally and can relates to H-AAA 218.
Return with reference to figure 2, the network entity in the network 200 can communicate with one another via the interface of special definition.In these interfaces some are described below.
The position is determined and can be utilized with lower interface.Use the SPDE-MS interface to come exchange message between travelling carriage 280 and SPDE 260 and determine so that carry out the position.The exercise question that can openly obtain has been described the SPDE-MS interface for the document TIA/EIA/IS-IS-801 of " Position Determination Service Standards for Dual Mode SpreadSpectrum Systems " (service standard is determined in the position that is used for the bimodulus spread spectrum system).Use the SMPC-HAAA interface to send and be used for authentication and the authentication information that the position is determined.Be the purpose of authentication, H-AAA 218 can send subscriber information to SMPC 256.As described below, be the purpose of book keeping operation and charging, SMPC256 also can send Transaction Information to H-AAA 218.Use the SMPC-SPDE interface to come exchange message between SPDE 260 and SMPC 256 and determine so that carry out the position.All the exercise question that can openly obtain is for having described the SMPC-SPDE interface among the document TIA/EIA/PN-4747 of " Location Services Enhancements " (location-based service enhancing) and among the document J-036.The SMPC-MS interface makes service network 250 can carry out various controlled function before occurrence positions is determined.
The position openly can utilize with lower interface.Use location server-location client end interface sends to a location client so that carry out the position openly with positional information from a location server.Use LCS server-HAAA interface to send and be used for disclosed authentication in position and authentication information.H-AAA 218 can send subscriber's profile to LCS server 216.LCS server 216 also can send toll data to H-AAA 218.
If travelling carriage 280 is positioned at away from its home network 210 parts and is communicating by letter with service network 250, then definite and open by home network 210 (utilizing the positional information that obtains by service network 250) executing location via service network 250 (if desired, together with coming from the auxiliary of home network 210) executing location.If travelling carriage 280 is communicated by letter with its home network 210, then determine by the network entity in the home network 210 (for example PDE, MPC) executing location, and also open by home network 210 executing location.
Location-based service comprises: (1) originates from the location-based service of travelling carriage or starts from the location-based service of travelling carriage, and wherein the requesting party is arranged in travelling carriage 280; And (2) end at the location-based service of travelling carriage or start from the location-based service of network, and wherein the requesting party is arranged in network 210,250 or 290.Table 1 shows for the location-based service that originates from travelling carriage and ends at the location-based service of travelling carriage, and where location client and location server can be positioned at.Location-based service can be initiated by location client, and it can be positioned at travelling carriage 280 or LCS supplier 202a, 202b or 202c place.
Table 1
| Originate from travelling carriage | End at travelling carriage | |
| LCS client | Travelling carriage 280 | LCS supplier 202 |
| LCS server | Travelling carriage 280 or LCS |
Travelling carriage 280 or LCS |
The LCS request that originates from travelling carriage can be used or be caused by an application that is positioned at network 210,250 or 290 by one that is arranged on the travelling carriage 280.Travelling carriage 280 is carried out suitable control (carried out by itself or carry out) so that positional information is passed to the requesting party under the guidance of network.Some examples that originate from the LCS request of travelling carriage comprise:
The request travelling carriage 280 positional information--location client is arranged in travelling carriage 280;
The auxiliary data (therefore the LCS request to auxiliary data does not rely on any certain location client) outside the context is determined in autonomous request auxiliary data--travelling carriage 280 request positions; And
Request is to the open positional information of third party--positional information is sent to third party's location client (LCS supplier 202c) by travelling carriage 280 appointments.
The LCS request that ends at travelling carriage can be caused by an application that is arranged in network 210,250 or 290.LCS server 216 is carried out suitable control (for example authentication, service are confirmed and authentication, encrypt, or the like).The LCS request that ends at travelling carriage comprises the positional information of asking travelling carriage 280, and wherein location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280.
Owing to the position is determined to treat as separating process with the position is open, therefore can define different call flows and use it for this two processes.Call flow is can carry out to obtain given result's series of steps.Each step in a call flow can be called a particular procedure.Exemplary call flow is described below, is used for: (1) finds the IP address (for the travelling carriage of a roaming) of SMPC 256; (2) authentication, authentication and session key are set up; (3) position that originates from travelling carriage is determined with the position open; (4) position that ends at travelling carriage is determined with the position open; And (5) other and LCS function associated.
1.
SMPC finds
Provide a kind of SMPC to find scheme at this, determine so that carry out the position so that a travelling carriage can dynamically be determined the address of SMPC.Owing to need on travelling carriage, not set in advance the SMPC address, so the roaming of this scheme supports mobile.
Fig. 3 A shows the example call flow 300 that makes travelling carriage 280 obtain the IP address of SMPC 256.Travelling carriage 280 is initiated data and is called out to set up PPP (peer-peer protocol) session (step 312) with PDSN 270.During stage, travelling carriage 280 receives the IP address of dns server 262 at the IPCP of this data call (IP control protocol).
Then, travelling carriage 280 use fully qualified domain names (FQDN) send the DNS inquiry (step 314) to SMPC 256.FQDN is the domain name of all routes of the expansion root that returns tree.As some examples, the FQDN that is used for determining the position can be " pde.gpsone.＜SID〉.net. ", "＜NID 〉.＜SID .mpc.net. ", " mpcgpsone.net. " or "＜SID〉.mpcgpsone.net. ", wherein＜NID be a network identifier and＜SID be a system identifier.Can on travelling carriage 280, set in advance FQDN or send it to travelling carriage 280 via aerial download (over-the-air) signaling.Can also cross over cordless communication network and carry out standardization to realize roaming being used for the definite FQDN in position.Dns server 262 is mapped as FQDN the IP address of SMPC 256 and sends a DNS who has this IP address to travelling carriage 280 and responds (step 316).
As shown in Figure 2, travelling carriage might be roamed and might communicate with an accesses network, and LCS server may be arranged in home network.In the case, LCS server might need to know the IP address of SMPC.For example, the positional information of travelling carriage of roaming can be cached among the SMPC, and need the IP address of SMPC to obtain this positional information.Provide a kind of SMPC to find scheme at this, so that carry out the position openly so that LCS server can dynamically be determined the address of SMPC.
Fig. 3 B shows the example call flow 350 that makes LCS server 216 obtain the IP address of SMPC 256.Travelling carriage 280 is initiated data and is called out to set up a PPP session (step 362) with PDSN 270.During this data call was set up, PDSN 270 sent the access request message (step 364) of the IP address of an ID (MS ID) who has travelling carriage 280 simultaneously and SMPC 256 to H-AAA218.Can in PDSN 270, set in advance the IP address of SMPC 256 according to the topology of service network 250.Should be noted that a SMPC 256 can serve a plurality of PDSN 270.H-AAA 218 receives this access request message of coming from PDSN 270 and accepts message and come it is confirmed (step 366) by returning an access.Then, H-AAA 218 sends to LCS server 216 (step 368) with the ID of travelling carriage 280 and the IP address of SMPC 256.LCS server 216 returns an affirmation and gives H-AAA 218 (step 370).
2.
Authentication, authentication and session key are set up
As mentioned above, LCS architecture 100 is determined that the position treat as separating process with the position is open.Therefore, as described below, the process of different authentications, authentication and session key can being set up is used for this two processes, so that various advantages to be provided.
A.
The position is determined
Determine that for the position to location-based service that originates from travelling carriage and the location-based service that ends at travelling carriage, SMPC 256 can carry out authentication and authentication based on requesting party's identity.For example (1) is determined the SPDE 260 auxiliary positions of carrying out if desired, (2) be used for the session key (being referred to as " session key 1 ") that the position is determined if desired, (3) if the useful life of current sessions key 1 is expired etc., just can carry out these processes.The useful life of session key 1 has been indicated the 1 effective time cycle of session key.When successfully having authenticated travelling carriage 280, H-AAA 218 can send security information to SMPC 256, and SMPC 256 can be forwarded to this security information travelling carriage 280 then.Security information for example can comprise useful life of a new session key 1, session key 1 etc.Then, session key 1 can be used between travelling carriage 280 and the SMPC 256 or between travelling carriage 280 and the SPDE 260, be used for the position and determine.Session key 1 can be used for message is authenticated and/or is used for it is encrypted.
Fig. 4 A shows the example call flow that authentication, authentication and a session key that is used for determining the position is set up.Call flow 400 adopts a MD-5 Message Digest 5 only travelling carriage 280 to be authenticated to network.In the art the MD-5 algorithm be known and by R.Rivest at the exercise question that can openly obtain for being described among the document RFC 1321 of " The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm " (MD-5 Message Digest 5).Communication between SMPC 256 and the H-AAA 218 is undertaken by the EAP on the UDP (Extensible Authentication Protocol), and the communication between SMPC 256 and the travelling carriage 280 is undertaken by UDP.P.Engelstad is described the EAP on the UDP in the document of " EAP over UDP (EAPoUDP) " (EAP on the UDP) at the exercise question that can openly obtain.
Can also carry out mutual authentication so that travelling carriage 280 is all authenticated to travelling carriage 280 to network and network.Authentication mutually if desired then can adopt authentication and key agreement (AKA) process or some other mechanism to substitute the MD-5 process.The exercise question that can openly obtain is " 3G Security; Security Architecture " (3G safety; Security Architecture) among the document 3GPP TS 33.102 the AKA process that is used for W-CDMA is described.
For call flow 400, SMPC 256 at first sends a RADIUS to H-AAA 218 and inserts request grouping (step 412).RADIUS (remote dial-in user's authentication service) is one and uses the client-server method to come safety system that the long-distance user is authenticated by series of challenges and response that one of them client (SMPC 256) is carried out relaying to these a series of challenges and response between a server (H-AAA 218) and a user (travelling carriage 280).RADIUS inserts the request grouping and comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP response field.This EAP response field comprises a network access identifier (NAI) that is used for travelling carriage 280.Before carrying out call flow 400, travelling carriage 280 is set up a PPP session (not shown among Fig. 4 A).NAI is a user ID (for example " username@domain-name.com ") of being submitted to by travelling carriage 280 (as client) during the PPP authentication.
H-AAA 218 receives from the RADIUS access request grouping of SMPC 256 and by beaming back a RADIUS access challenge and divides into groups to respond.This RADIUS inserts the challenge grouping and comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP request field (step 414) that is used for the MD-5 challenge.The MD-5 challenge is an authentication challenge that is generated based on the NAI that receives from SMPC 256 by H-AAA 218.The EAP request (on the UDP) that SMPC 256 will have MD-5 challenge is forwarded to travelling carriage 280 (step 416).Travelling carriage 280 receives from the EAP request of SMPC 256 and determines the response to authentication challenge.Then, travelling carriage 280 responds (step 418) by sending an EAP response that has MD-5 response (on the UDP) to SMPC 256.
Then, SMPC 256 resubmits its original RADIUS to H-AAA 218 and inserts the request grouping, and the MD-5 response (step 420) that is provided by travelling carriage 280 is provided in this grouping.H-AAA218 authenticates travelling carriage 280 based on this MD-5 response.When successfully having authenticated travelling carriage 280, H-AAA 218 beams back a RADIUS and inserts respond packet (step 422).This grouping comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP success field.This EAP success field comprises the user profiles of travelling carriage 280, and this user profiles obtains from database 221.H-AAA 218 can also return security information.Security information can comprise for example new session key 1, the random number (RAND) of session key 1 and the useful life of session key 1.This EAP success of SMPC 256 transmissions then, (on the UDP) to travelling carriage 280 (step 424).SMPC 256 is also by checking that the user profiles that receives from H-AAA 218 comes travelling carriage 280 is carried out authentication (step 426).
B.
The position is open
Open for the position, to location-based service that originates from travelling carriage and the location-based service that ends at travelling carriage, location server can be arranged in home network (being LCS server 216).In the case, LCS server 216 can be carried out authentication and authentication based on requesting party's identity.For example (1) is used for the disclosed session key in position (being referred to as " session key 2 ") if desired, and (2) just can carry out these processes if the useful life of current sessions key 2 is expired etc.Both can carry out unilateral authentication (for example shown in Fig. 4 A, challenge by MD-5 travelling carriage 280 is authenticated), can carry out mutual authentication (for example adopting AKA or other mechanism) again.
Fig. 4 B shows and is used for the example call flow 450 that the disclosed authentication in position, authentication and session key are set up.Call flow 450 adopts the AKA process that travelling carriage 280 is authenticated.
For call flow 450, travelling carriage 280 at first sends the open session key request message in a position to LCS server 216 (step 462).It is open and comprise the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 that new session key 2 of this message request is used for the position.Then, LCS server 216 sends a RADIUS to H-AAA 218 and inserts request grouping (step 464).This grouping comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP response field that has NAI.H-AAA 218 operation AKA processes also generate a random number (RAND) and an authentication value (AUTN) (step 466).Then, H-AAA 218 responds (step 468) by beaming back a RADIUS access respond packet.This grouping comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP request field.This EAP request field carries an AKA challenge that comprises by the AUTN and the RAND of H-AAA 218 generations.LCS server 216 receives the EAP request that RADIUS from H-AAA 218 inserts respond packet and will have an AKA challenge and transmits (on the UDP) to travelling carriage 280 (step 470).
Travelling carriage 280 receives the EAP request from LCS server 216, operation AKA process, and verify the AUTN that receives.If checked the AUTN that receives, travelling carriage 280 just generates a new session key 2 and a RES (step 472) based on the RAND that receives.Then, travelling carriage 280 responds (step 474) by send an EAP who has the AKA response that comprises RES to LCS server 216.
Then, LCS server 216 resubmits its original RADIUS to H-AAA 218 and inserts request grouping (step 476).The AKA response that has RES that is provided by travelling carriage 280 is provided in this grouping.H-AAA 218 authenticates travelling carriage 280 based on this AKA response.When successfully having authenticated travelling carriage 280 by inspection RES, H-AAA 218 sends a RADIUS and inserts respond packet to LCS server 216 (step 478).This grouping comprises an EAP message, and this EAP message further comprises an EAP success field.This EAP success field comprises the user profiles of travelling carriage 280, and this user profiles obtains from database 221.H-AAA 218 also returns security information.Security information can comprise for example RAND of session key 2, session key 2 and the useful life of session key 2.
Shown in Fig. 4 B, when successfully having authenticated travelling carriage 280, H-AAA 218 can send security information (for example useful life of session key 2, session key 2) to LCS server 216, and LCS server 216 can send to this security information travelling carriage 280 then.Session key 2 can be used between travelling carriage 280 and the LCS server 216, and it is open to be used for the position.For following incident, can obtain session key 2:
When travelling carriage 280 has been ordered the service of LCS server 216;
When travelling carriage 280 or LCS server 216 detect the useful life of session key 2 when expired; Perhaps
When travelling carriage 280 (as location client) request during from the positional information of LCS server 216.
Call flow 400 shows and uses the MD-5 algorithm to be used for the position to determine, and call flow 450 shows, and to use the AKA process to be used for the position open.It is definite open with the position other security algorithm can also to be used for the position, and this is within the scope of the invention.For example, CAVE (cellular authentication and voice encryption) algorithm can be used for access authentication.CHAP (challenge handshake authentication protocol) and mobile IP protocol can be used for the IP authentication.CAVE, CHAP and mobile IP algorithm are known in the art.
C.
Safety and privacy
Authentication and authentication
As mentioned above, can carry out independently and be used for that the position is determined and disclosed authentication in position and authentication.For example, can use call flow 400 among Fig. 4 A to carry out and be used for authentication and the authentication that the position is determined.For example, can use call flow 450 among Fig. 4 B to carry out and be used for disclosed authentication in position and authentication.
Encrypt
Described as the exercise question that can openly obtain for the document IS-2000.5-C of " Upper layer (Layer3) Signaling Standardfor cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems " (upper strata (the 3rd layer) signaling standard that is used for the cdma2000 spread spectrum system), positional information can be sent as customer service and adopt link layer encryption to come it is encrypted.Also can use a session key (obtaining) to come location information to encrypt and adopt End to End Encryption to come it is sent by the process of carrying out in the call flow 400 or 450.If adopted End to End Encryption, then H-AAA 218 can generate different session keys from root key (for example " A KEY " can be used as root key).Can the session key that these are different offer different network entities and use it for location information by these network entities and encrypt.
Can obtain different session keys and use it for the position definite open with the position.Use different session keys to simplify the LCS architecture and reduced security risk.Travelling carriage 280 safeguarding with home network 210 in the security association of network entity (for example LCS server 216).Any network entity outside the home network 210 openly is not used for this related session key (session key 2).Can use session key 2 to come the positional information between LCS server 216 and the travelling carriage 280 exchange is carried out mark and/or encrypted.
The travelling carriage 280 of a roaming can safeguard with service network 250 in another security association of network entity (for example SMPC 256 and SPDE 260).Set up the entity that a different session key (session key 1) is used for service network 250.Can use session key 1 come between SPDE 260 and the travelling carriage 280 or the positional information between SMPC 256 and the travelling carriage 280 exchange carry out mark and/or encrypt.
Session key can also be used for message authentication and integrity checking.Being used for the use of message authentication/encrypted session key and the useful life of each session key can be determined by optional parameters.These parameters can be considered the strategy that data are specific.So just can come the safeguard protection degree is selected or regulated based on information value to be protected.
3.
Originate from the location-based service of travelling carriage
For the location-based service that originates from travelling carriage, location client is arranged in travelling carriage 280 and location server can be arranged in travelling carriage 280 or LCS server 216 (seeing Table 1).If location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280, then the location client request is from the positional information of travelling carriage 280.
A.
The position is determined
IS-801 supports to be used for the several different methods that the position is determined.The signal that receives based on (four typically) the SPS satellite from enough numbers can provide based on the method for global position system (SPS) exact position of a travelling carriage is estimated.Based on the signal that SPS satellite and base station from enough numbers receive, mixed method can provide the location estimation to a travelling carriage with medium accuracy.Based on the signal that (three or more typically) base station from enough numbers receives, AFLT (A-FLT) method can provide the location estimation to a travelling carriage with lower accuracy.
Fig. 5 A shows and is used for to carry out the example call flow 500 that the position that originates from travelling carriage is determined based on the method for IS-801.Data of travelling carriage 280 beginnings are called out to set up a PPP session (step 512) with PDSN270.Then, travelling carriage 280 sends a locating request message (step 514) that originates from travelling carriage that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 to SMPC 256.SMPC 256 receives this message and determines whether and need carry out authentication and authentication to travelling carriage 280.For example, if before travelling carriage 280 had been carried out authentication and authentication process, and because the useful life of the session key 1 that obtains by these processes does not also have expiredly, so session key 1 is still effective, does not then need to carry out authentication and authentication.For example, if before travelling carriage 280 was not carried out authentication and authentication process,, then might need to carry out authentication and authentication if perhaps the useful life of session key 1 is expired.
If do not need to carry out authentication and authentication, then skips steps 516,518 and 520.Otherwise call flow 400 among the execution graph 4A and SMPC 256 can or can be not receive a new session key 1, the RAND of a new session key 1 and the useful life (step 516) of a new session key 1 from H-AAA218.If from execution in step 516, SMPC256 does not receive a new session key 1, then skips steps 518 and step 520 from H-AAA 218.If from execution in step 516, SMPC 256 receives a new session key 1 from H-AAA 218, and then SMPC 256 sends a GEOPOSREQ message (step 518) that comprises this session key 1 to SPDE 260.Then, SPDE 260 responds (step 520) by beam back a geoposreq message to SMPC 256.GEOPOSREQ message and geoposreq message have been described among the document TIA/EIA/PN-4747.For call flow 500, can carry out or execution in step 516 not, and this is indicated by the frame of broken lines of surrounding step 516.Can carry out or not execution in step 518 and step 520, and this is also indicated by the frame of broken lines of surrounding step 518 and step 520.
Under any circumstance, SMPC 256 sends a location response message that originates from travelling carriage to travelling carriage 280 (step 522).This message comprises the RAND of current sessions key 1, (1) if this RAND obtains as the result of authentication in the execution in step 516 and authentication process, this RAND is the RAND of the new session key 1 that receives from H-AAA 218 so, and perhaps (2) this RAND is from previous execution authentication and authentication process and the RAND of the session key 1 that obtains.Travelling carriage 280 uses the RAND from the session key 1 of SMPC 256 to derive session key 1, then this session key 1 is used for message is carried out mark and/or encrypted.
Then, between travelling carriage 280 and SPDE 260, set up an IS-801 position and determine session, to determine the position (step 524) of travelling carriage 280.Can authenticate and/or encrypt all IS-801 message that are used for this IS-801 session with session key 1.When finishing the IS-801 session, travelling carriage 280 obtains positional information.This positional information can comprise the accuracy of the location estimation of travelling carriage 280, location estimation or uncertainty etc.If the position is determined to be to be carried out the down auxiliary of travelling carriage 280 by SPDE260, then SPDE 260 can send positional information to travelling carriage 280.
When successfully having finished the IS-801 session, can with positional information buffer memory (promptly being stored in the memory cell) in travelling carriage 280, LCS server 216 and/or SMPC 256 for using in the future.If positional information is cached in the LCS server 216, then travelling carriage 280 sends this positional information (can authenticate and/or encrypt it with session key 2) and gives LCS server 216 (step 526).If positional information is cached among the SMPC 256, then travelling carriage 280 sends this positional information (can authenticate and/or encrypt it with session key 1) and gives SMPC 256 (step 528).Can carry out or each in execution in step 526 and the step 528 not, and this is indicated by each the frame of broken lines of surrounding in these steps.
Fig. 5 B shows and is used for carrying out the definite example call flow 550 in position that originates from travelling carriage with sub-district ID method.Sub-district ID method provides the identity of the Serving cell that a current mobile station 280 communicates with it.For sub-district ID method, travelling carriage 280 is considered to be positioned at an assigned address that is associated with Serving cell.Some other position in the position of the base station that this assigned address can be the position that for example is used for the antenna of Serving cell, be used for Serving cell or the overlay area of Serving cell.The accuracy of the location estimation of travelling carriage 280 is depended on the size of Serving cell.
For call flow 550, data of travelling carriage 280 beginnings are called out to set up a PPP session (step 552) with PDSN 270.Then, travelling carriage 280 sends a locating request message (step 554) that originates from travelling carriage that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 to SMPC 256.SMPC 256 then determines the ID of the Serving cell that current mobile station 280 communicates with it.Then, SMPC 256 has the GEOPOSREQ message (step 556) that shows the indication of using sub-district ID method to SPDE 260 one of transmission.SPDE 260 receives this message and beams back a geoposreq message that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 from SMPC 256.This positional information can comprise the accuracy of location estimation (based on Serving cell ID) to travelling carriage, this position or uncertainty etc.
Then, SMPC 256 sends a location response message (step 560) that originates from travelling carriage that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to travelling carriage 280.LCS server 216, SMPC256 and/or travelling carriage 280 can this positional information of buffer memory for using in the future.If positional information is cached in the LCS server 216, then travelling carriage 280 sends this positional information (can authenticate and/or encrypt it with session key 2) and gives LCS server 216 (step 562).
B.
The position is open
In case determined to obtain the positional information of travelling carriage 280 by executing location, just can this information of buffer memory for using in the future.This positional information can be cached in travelling carriage 280, SMPC 256 and/or the LCS server 216.Can be based on determining such as ISP's strategy, user's various factorss such as ordering information where positional information is cached in.
Open for the position that originates from travelling carriage, location client can be arranged in travelling carriage 280, and location server can be arranged in travelling carriage 280 or LCS server 216.Table 2 has been listed the various call flows that can be used to provide the disclosed positional information in position that is used to originate from travelling carriage.The use that is used for the disclosed specific call flow process in position depends on where location client is positioned at and where positional information is cached in.
The position that table 2 originates from travelling carriage discloses
| Where LCS client is positioned at | Where LCS server is positioned at | Where positional information is cached in | The open method in position | |
| Travelling carriage | Travelling carriage | Travelling carriage | Positional information directly is provided | |
| Travelling carriage | Travelling | SMPC | 256 | Use the call flow among Fig. 6 A |
| Travelling | LCS server | 216 | |
Use the call flow among Fig. 6 B |
| Travelling | LCS server | 216 | |
Use the call flow among Fig. 6 C |
If location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280 and positional information also is cached in travelling carriage 280, then location server can obtain positional information and it is directly offered location client from memory.
Fig. 6 A shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 600 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280 and positional information is cached in SMPC 256.Data of travelling carriage 280 beginnings are called out to set up a PPP session (step 612) with PDSN 270.Then, travelling carriage 280 (as location client) sends a location service request message (step 614) that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 to SMPC 256.SMPC 256 receives this message and determines whether and need carry out authentication and authentication to travelling carriage 280.Carry out authentication and authentication if desired, then the call flow 400 among the execution graph 4A is to obtain the RAND (step 616) of a new session key 1 and a new session key 1.Otherwise with regard to skips steps 616.For call flow 600, can carry out or execution in step 616 not, and this is indicated by the frame of broken lines of surrounding step 616.Because SMPC 256 is arranged in service network 250, therefore call flow 400 (rather than call flow 450) is used for authentication, authentication and session key and sets up.
Then, SMPC 256 comprises the location service response message (step 618) of the positional information of the travelling carriage 280 of buffer memory to travelling carriage 280 one of transmission.If carried out step 616, then SMPC 256 can comprise the RAND of new session key 1 and can carry out mark and/or encrypt with 1 pair of this positional information of new session key that obtains from step 616 in this location service response message.If step 616 is not carried out, then do not have when expired when useful life from the session key 1 of previous authentication and authentication process acquisition, SMPC 256 can carry out mark and/or encrypts with 1 pair of this positional information of this session key.For call flow 600, SMPC 256 is the function of executing location server effectively.
Fig. 6 B shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 630 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in LCS server 216 and positional information also is cached in LCS server 216.Data of travelling carriage 280 beginnings are called out to set up a PPP session (step 632) with PDSN 270.Then, travelling carriage 280 (as location client) sends a location service request message (step 634) that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 to LCS server 216.LCS server 216 receives this message and determines whether and need carry out authentication and authentication to travelling carriage 280.Carry out authentication and authentication if desired, then the call flow 450 among the execution graph 4B and obtain the useful life (step 636) of a new session key 2 and a new session key 2.Otherwise with regard to skips steps 636.For call flow 630, can carry out or execution in step 636 not, and this is indicated by the frame of broken lines of surrounding step 636.
Then, LCS server 216 comprises the location service response message (step 638) of the positional information of the travelling carriage 280 of buffer memory to travelling carriage 280 one of transmission.If carried out step 636, then LCS server 216 can also comprise the useful life of new session key 2 and can carry out mark and/or encrypt with 2 pairs of these positional informations of this new session key in this location service response message.If step 636 is not carried out, then do not have when expired when useful life from the session key 2 of previous authentication and authentication process acquisition, LCS server 216 can carry out mark and/or encrypts with 2 pairs of these positional informations of this session key.
Fig. 6 C shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 660 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in LCS server 216 and positional information is cached in SMPC 256.Data of travelling carriage 280 beginnings are called out to set up a PPP session (step 662) with PDSN 270.Then, travelling carriage 280 (as location client) sends a location service request message (step 634) that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 to LCS server 216.LCS server 216 receives this message and determines that it does not have the positional information of the travelling carriage 280 that satisfies the PQoS demand.Then, LCS server 216 is to the positional information of SMPC 256 request travelling carriages 280.This realizes (step 666) by sending a location service request message that comprises this NAI to SMPC 256.By the call flow among the execution graph 3B 350, LCS server 216 can obtain the IP address of SMPC 256.SMPC 256 receives from the request of LCS server 216 and beams back a location service response message (step 668).This message comprises the positional information of the travelling carriage 280 that is buffered among the SMPC 256.
Then, LCS server 216 determines whether and need carry out authentication and authentication to travelling carriage 280.Carry out authentication and authentication if desired, then the call flow 450 among the execution graph 4B and obtain the useful life (step 670) of a new session key 2 and a new session key 2.Otherwise with regard to skips steps 670.For call flow 660, can carry out or execution in step 670 not, and this is indicated by the frame of broken lines of surrounding step 670.
Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service response message (step 672) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to travelling carriage 280.If carried out step 670, then LCS server 216 can also comprise the useful life of this new session key 2 and can carry out mark and/or encrypt with 2 pairs of these positional informations of this new session key in this location service response message.If step 670 is not carried out, then do not have when expired when useful life from the session key 2 of previous authentication and authentication process acquisition, LCS server 216 can carry out mark and/or encrypts with 2 pairs of these positional informations of this session key.
4.
End at the location-based service of travelling carriage
For the location-based service that ends at travelling carriage, location client is arranged in LCS server 216 or the travelling carriage 280 (seeing Table 1) that LCS supplier place and location server can be arranged in home network 210.
If travelling carriage 280 (it is a target MS) has been set up " always online (always-on) " data session and has been ready to receive position requests from LCS server 216, the LCS session that then ends at travelling carriage can be initiated by network.After travelling carriage 280 started, travelling carriage 280 can begin a data session.In the case, can come dns server 262 is upgraded with the IP address of travelling carriage 280.Travelling carriage 280 can be with its IP address registration to LCS server 216 and can carry out authentication and authentication process is used for message is carried out mark and/or encrypted to obtain a session key.As long as travelling carriage 280 is starting, this data session is just keeping.If LCS server 216 sends the IP address of a DNS query messages inquiry travelling carriage 280, then because dns server 262 has had the IP address of travelling carriage 280, so dns server 262 can promptly be replied a DNS response message and replied.
If Fig. 7 shows the example call flow 700 of setting up the IP address of travelling carriage 280 when it is not always online.The SMS message of using call flow 700 triggers LCS session that originates from travelling carriage of travelling carriage 280 beginnings.Then, as the part of the LCS session that originates from travelling carriage, set up the IP address of travelling carriage 280.
For call flow 700, LCS server 216 sends a SMS point-to-point transmission and calls (SMDPP) message to the message center 222 (step 712) of serving travelling carriage 280.This SMDPP message comprises an IMSI who pushes away notice (Push Notification) and travelling carriage 280.Push away notice and be used to call travelling carriage 280 and begin data and call out, so that can set up its IP address.IMSI (international mobile subscriber identity) is the number that can discern travelling carriage 280 uniquely.When sending SMDPP message, counter of LCS server 216 startings, this counter are used for the answer of waiting for a SMDPP message prescribe a time limit (time-out).Message center 222 receives from the SMDPP message of LCS server 216 and beams back a smdpp return results (step 714).
When receiving the SMS address of service network 250, message center 222 sends this SMDPP message to the MSC in the service network 250 272 (step 720).This SMDPP message is to use in step 718 and sends from the SMS address that HLR 224 or service network 250 obtain.This SMDPP message and mobile paging station 280 that MSC 272 receives from message center 222.MSC 272 also extracts from the SMDPP message that receives and pushes away notice, is included in a SMS and sends the notice that pushes away of asking in (SMD-REQ) message, and by aerial download SMD-REQ message is sent to travelling carriage 280 (step 722).Travelling carriage 280 receives this SMD-REQ message and sends affirmation (SMD-ACK) message (step 724) to reply a SMS.MSC 272 receives from this SMD-ACK message of travelling carriage 280 and returns a smdpp message to message center 222 (step 726).
Pushing away notification triggers travelling carriage 280 initiates a data calling, sets up a PPP session and obtain an IP address (step 728) with PDSN 270.IPCP as known in the art or mobile IP process can be used to provide the IP address of travelling carriage 280.Then, LCS session (step 730) that originates from travelling carriage of travelling carriage 280 and LCS server 216 beginnings.
For the location-based service that ends at travelling carriage, LCS server 216 can use the process in the call flow 350 to find the IP address of SMPC 256.
A.
The position is determined
If positional information is buffered in travelling carriage 280 or the LCS server 216, then, does not therefore need network to initiate the position and determine because travelling carriage 280 will trigger a position and determine session.If positional information can be cached among the SMPC 256, then can initiate a LCS session that ends at travelling carriage by SMPC256.
Fig. 8 A shows the example call flow 800 that is used for to come executive termination to determine in the position of travelling carriage based on the method for IS-801.SMPC 256 sends a locating request message that ends at travelling carriage to travelling carriage 280 (step 812).Travelling carriage 280 receives this message and beams back a location response message (step 814) that ends at travelling carriage that comprises the NAI that is used for travelling carriage 280 from SMPC 256.Step 516 to 528 in the call flow 500 among all the other steps 816 to 828 in the call flow 800 and Fig. 5 A is identical, is employed message difference.Particularly, a locating request message that ends at travelling carriage is used for step 822, and a location response message that originates from travelling carriage is used for step 522.
Fig. 8 B shows and is used for coming executive termination in the definite example call flow 850 in the position of travelling carriage with sub-district ID method.Call flow 850 comprises step 856,858,860 and 862, and it corresponds respectively to the step 556,558,560 and 562 in the call flow 550 among Fig. 5 B.From call flow 850, step 552 and step 554 have been omitted.In addition, a locating request message that ends at travelling carriage is used for step 860, and a location response message that originates from travelling carriage is used for step 560.
B.
The position is open
Open for the position that ends at travelling carriage, location client is positioned at LCS supplier 202x place, and LCS supplier 202x can be LCS supplier 202a, the LCS supplier 202b in the service network 250 or the LCS supplier 202c in third party's network 290 in the home network 210 among Fig. 2.Location server can be arranged in the LCS server 216 or the travelling carriage 280 of home network 210.Positional information can be cached in LCS server 216, SMPC 256 or the travelling carriage 280.Table 3 has been listed the various call flows that can be used for obtaining for the disclosed positional information in position that ends at travelling carriage.The use that is used for the disclosed specific call flow process in position depends on where location server is positioned at and where positional information is cached in.
The position that table 3 ends at travelling carriage discloses
| Where LCS client is positioned at | Where LCS server is positioned at | Where positional information is cached in | The open method in position | |
| The LCS supplier | Travelling carriage | Travelling carriage | Positional information directly is provided | |
| The LCS | LCS server | 216 | |
Use the |
| The LCS | LCS server | 216 | |
Use the |
| The LCS | LCS server | 216 | Travelling carriage | Use the |
If location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280 and positional information also is cached in travelling carriage 280, then location server can obtain positional information and it is directly offered location client from memory.
Fig. 9 A shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 900 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in LCS server 216 and positional information also is cached in LCS server 216.LCS supplier 202x (as location client) sends a location service request message (step 912) to LCS server 216.The positional information of this message request travelling carriage 280, this travelling carriage 280 is target MSs.For call flow 900, suppose that the positional information that is cached in the LCS server 216 can satisfy the PQoS demand.LCS server 216 might need by authentication and authentication process location client (being LCS supplier 202x) to be authenticated and authentication, for the sake of simplicity, and not shown should the authentication and authentication among Fig. 9 A.
The user profiles of travelling carriage 280 might show and need carry out user rs authentication before the positional information of each openly travelling carriage 280.In the case, LCS server 216 and travelling carriage 280 use the call flow 450 among Fig. 4 B to carry out mutual authentication (step 914).Then, LCS server 216 sends a user authentication request message (session key 2 that can use in step 914 to be obtained carries out mark to it and/or encrypts) and gives travelling carriage 280.Travelling carriage 280 responds by beaming back a user rs authentication response message (session key 2 that can use in step 914 equally to be obtained carries out mark to it and/or encrypts).This message shows the positional information that can disclose travelling carriage 280.Because according to user profiles,, can carry out or execution in step 914,916 and 918 not, so these steps are surrounded by frame of broken lines for call flow 900.Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service response message (step 920) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to LCS supplier 202x.
Fig. 9 B shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 930 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in LCS server 216 and positional information is cached in SMPC 256.LCS supplier 202x (as location client) sends the location service request message (step 932) of the positional information of a request travelling carriage 280 to LCS server 216.LCS server 216 might need location client is authenticated and authentication, for the sake of simplicity, and not shown should the authentication and authentication among Fig. 9 B.If showing, the user profiles of travelling carriage 280 need before the positional information of each openly travelling carriage 280, carry out user rs authentication, then can execution in step 934,936 and 938.Step 934,936 and 938 corresponds respectively to the step 914,916 and 918 among Fig. 9 A.
The positional information of travelling carriage 280 can be buffered in the LCS server 216.Yet, suppose that this positional information can not satisfy the PQoS demand.Then, LCS server 216 can determine to obtain from SMPC 256 positional information of travelling carriage 280.This realizes (step 940) by sending a location service request message to SMPC 256.If SMPC 256 has the positional information of the travelling carriage 280 of being asked, then SMPC 256 returns to LCS server 216 (step 942) with this positional information in a location service response message.Otherwise SMPC 256 just initiates a position and determines that session (call flow 800 among use Fig. 8 A or the call flow 850 among Fig. 8 B) to obtain positional information, then, sends back to LCS server 216 with this positional information.Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service response message (step 944) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to LCS supplier 202x.
Fig. 9 C shows and is used for the disclosed example call flow 960 of executing location, and wherein location server is arranged in LCS server 216 and positional information and is cached in travelling carriage 280 (it is target MS).LCS supplier 202x (as location client) sends the location service request message (step 962) of the positional information of a request travelling carriage 280 to LCS server 216.LCS server 216 might need location client is authenticated and authentication, for the sake of simplicity, and not shown should the authentication and authentication among Fig. 9 C.The positional information of travelling carriage 280 can be buffered in the LCS server 216.Yet, suppose that this positional information can not satisfy the PQoS demand.Then, LCS server 216 can determine to obtain positional information from travelling carriage 280.
Need before open positional information, carry out user rs authentication if the user profiles of travelling carriage 280 shows, then between LCS server 216 and travelling carriage 280, carry out authentication (step 964) mutually.Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service request message to travelling carriage 280 (step 966).This message has a needs user rs authentication (User Verification Required) field, carries out user rs authentication if desired, and then this field is set to " 1 ", if do not need to carry out user rs authentication, then this field is set to " 0 ".Then, indicated as needs user rs authentication field, carry out user rs authentication if desired, then travelling carriage 280 these users of checking.Then, travelling carriage 280 sends a location service response message (step 968) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to LCS server 216.The 2 pairs of message that exchanged between LCS server 216 and travelling carriage 280 in step 966 and step 968 of session key that can use in step 964 to be obtained are carried out mark and/or are encrypted.Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service response message (step 970) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to LCS supplier 202x.
The position that discloses and end at travelling carriage for the position that originates from travelling carriage discloses two kinds of situations, and " ownership " of positional information is determined (promptly in travelling carriage 280 or in the LCS server 216) by the position of location server.The owner of positional information is the responsible side of this information and can uses its oneself rule and strategy and disclose this information.
If location server is arranged in LCS server 216, then no matter where location client is positioned at, LCS server 216 is all being controlled disclosing of positional information.If relate to travelling carriage 280 (if for example positional information is cached in the travelling carriage 280) during the position is open, then LCS server 216 can be carried out authentication and authentication alternatively.
If location server is arranged in travelling carriage 280, then no matter where location client is positioned at, travelling carriage 280 is all being controlled disclosing of positional information.Yet, will all send to travelling carriage 280 to all requests of this positional information and might cause extra delay.For example, if in 280 short time of travelling carriage outside coverage, dormancy or busy, just might cause extra delay.
Can in home network 210, provide LCS agency and used as the agency of travelling carriage 280, it is open to be used for the position.Travelling carriage 280 can send its positional information with and open rule/strategy arrive LCS and act on behalf of.Then, the request to the positional information of travelling carriage 280 can be directed to the LCS agency, this LCS agency can more effectively provide service for these requests than travelling carriage 280.For these requests, the LCS agency serves as the representative of travelling carriage 280 and uses the open rule/strategy of travelling carriage 280.The LCS agency can also ask the positional information from the renewal of travelling carriage 280 as required.For example, if dissatisfied from the request of a location client to the current location information of travelling carriage 280, may be since this positional information out-of-date maybe can not satisfy the PQoS demand, the positional information that can upgrade to travelling carriage 280 requests of LCS agency then.
5.
Book keeping operation and charging
Can carry out book keeping operation and charging among the SMPC 256 in the LCS server in the home network 210 216 and/or in the service network 250.SMPC 256 can determine request for each position and generate a call details record (CDR).Correspondingly, LCS server 216 can openly ask to generate a CDR for each position.CDR can be used for book keeping operation, charge and/or other purpose.Table 4 has been listed each project that can be included in the CDR.
Table 4
| Project | Describe |
| Location client ID | The identity of the location client of request position information |
| Target MS ID | Seeking the identity (for example IMSI of target MS) of the target MS of its position |
| Success or failure | Show whether positional information is provided |
| Timestamp | Determine the moment of positional information |
| Response time | The moment of response is provided |
| Location estimation | The estimation of the position of target MS and the confidence level in this location estimation |
Figure 10 A shows the example call flow 1000 of the CDR that is used to report that each position that is used for being received by LCS server 216 is openly asked.Location client 204 is to the location service request message of the positional information of a request travelling carriage 280 of LCS server 216 transmissions, and this travelling carriage 280 is target MS (steps 1012).Location client 204 can be travelling carriage 280 or LCS supplier 202a, 202b or 202c.As mentioned above, where be buffered in, can use different call flows to obtain positional information according to positional information.Then, LCS server 216 sends a location service response message (step 1014) that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 to location client 204.LCS server 216 generates a CDR who is used for to location client 204 open positional informations.Then, LCS server 216 sends a charging request message (step 1016) that comprises this CDR to H-AAA218.This CDR can be stored and can be used for book keeping operation, charge and/or other purpose by H-AAA 218.H-AAA 218 responds (step 1018) by beaming back a charge response message.
Figure 10 B shows the example call flow 1050 that is used to report the definite CDR that asks in each position that is used for being received by SMPC 256.Travelling carriage 280 sends a position to SMPC 256 and determines that request message is to determine the position (step 1052) of travelling carriage 280.As mentioned above, can use various processes to determine the position of travelling carriage 280.Then, response message (step 1054) is determined in position that comprises the positional information of travelling carriage 280 of SMPC 256 transmissions.SMPC 256 determines request for this position and generates a CDR.Then, SMPC 256 sends a charging request message (step 1056) that comprises this CDR to H-AAA 218.This CDR can be stored and can be used for book keeping operation, charge and/or other purpose by H-AAA 218.H-AAA 218 responds (step 1058) by beaming back a charge response message.
6.
System
Figure 11 shows the block diagram of the various entities in the network 200.Travelling carriage 280 can be a cell phone, have the computer of radio modem, other unit of position determination unit or some independently.The function of the BSC/PCF 274 of base station 274x in can execution graph 2.For the sake of simplicity, only show a network entity 1100 among Figure 11.Network entity 1100 can be the arbitrary network entity shown in Fig. 2 (for example LCS server 216, and SMPC 256, and SPDE 260, LCS supplier 202a, 202b or 202c, perhaps some other network entity).
On the forward link, base station 274x transmission data, pilot tone and signaling arrive the travelling carriage in its overlay area.These data of different types are handled (for example encode, modulation, filtering, amplification, quadrature modulation and up-conversion) by modulator/transmitter (Mod/TMTR) 1120 and so that the forward link modulation signal to be provided, by antenna 1122 this forward link modulation signal are sent to travelling carriage then.
Travelling carriage 280 receives from one or more base stations forward link modulation signal of (it comprises base station 274x) at antenna 1152 places.To offer a receiver/demodulator (RCVR/Demod) 1154 from the receiver input signal (it can comprise the signal of a plurality of receptions) of antenna 1152.Then, RCVR/Demod 1154 handles the receiver input signal in the mode of complementation and can be used for to provide that the position is determined and the disclosed various types of information in position.For example, RCVR/Demod 1154 can provide received signal the time of advent (can use it for position determine), be used for the decoded message of above-mentioned call flow etc.Processor 1160 is carried out the various processing and the controlled function of travelling carriage 280, and memory cell 1162 is processor 1160 program code stored and data.
On link, travelling carriage 280 can send data, pilot tone and/or signaling to base station 274x in the back.These data of different types by a modulator/transmitter (Mod/TMTR) 1164 handle with after providing one to the link modulation signal, send this back to the link modulation signal by antenna 1152 then.Base station 274x receives back to the link modulation signal from travelling carriage 280 at antenna 1122 places, and will offer receiver/demodulator (RCVR/Demod) 1124 from the receiver input signal of antenna 1122.Then, RCVR/Demod 1124 handles the receiver input signal so that various types of information to be provided in the mode of complementation, these information can be offered processor 1110 then.Processor 1110 is carried out various processing and the controlled function of base station 274x, and memory cell 1112 is processor 1110 program code stored and data.Communication (Comm) port one 114 make base station 274x can with other network entity swap data.
In network entity 1100, communication port 1136 make entity 1100 can with other network entity swap data.Processor 1130 is carried out entity 1100 various processing and controlled function, and memory cell 1132 is processor 1130 program code stored and data.Can use database 1134 to store for information about.For example, database 1134 can be realized HLR224 or the database 221 among Fig. 2.
For determining the position, the position in the travelling carriage 280 determines that function (Det F) 1172 can determine that function 1142 carries out determining with executing location alternately with the reciprocity position in the network entity 1100.Function 1142 and function 1172 can realize the above-mentioned any call flow that the position is determined that is used for.Open for the position, the position maniflest function in the travelling carriage 280 (Dis F) 1174 can carry out open with executing location alternately with the reciprocity position maniflest function 1144 in the network entity 1100.Function 1144 can realize location client or location server, and function 1174 can realize location client or location server or realize the two simultaneously.Function 1144 and function 1174 can realize the above-mentioned disclosed any call flow in position that is used for.
System described here, method and apparatus can be realized by the variety of way such as hardware, software or its combination.Realize that for hardware this system, method and apparatus can be realized in the one or more application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)s (ASIC) that are designed to carry out function described here, digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processor spare (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, other electronic unit or its combination.
Realize that for software method described here can realize with the module (for example process, function etc.) of carrying out function described here.Software code can be stored in the memory cell (for example the memory cell among Figure 11 1112,1132 or 1162) and and carry out by processor (for example processor 1110,1130 or 1160).Memory cell can realize in processor or outside the processor, in this case, can memory cell be connected to processor communicatedly by mode as known in the art.
Above description to disclosed execution mode is used for making any those of ordinary skill of this area can both implement or use the present invention.Various modifications to these execution modes are quite tangible to those skilled in the art, and can be applied to other execution mode in the General Principle of this definition, and do not break away from essence of the present invention and scope.Therefore, the present invention is intended to limiting at the execution mode shown in this, but meets and principle disclosed herein and novel feature the widest corresponding to scope.
Claims (42)
1. method that location-based service LCS is provided comprises:
Reception is at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
In response to the request of this positional information, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, determine to obtain the positional information of suitable travelling carriage by the first network entity group executing location that comprises at least one network entity; And
In response to the request of this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip the position and determine, open by the second network entity group executing location that comprises at least one network entity so that the positional information of suitable travelling carriage to be provided.
2. method according to claim 1 also comprises:
Be used for authentication and the authentication that the position is determined based on one first security process execution; And
Be used for disclosed authentication in position and authentication based on one second security process execution.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said first security process based on MD-5 algorithm and described second security process based on authentication and key agreement AKA process.
4. method according to claim 1 also comprises:
Carry out one first session key and set up obtaining one first session key, wherein said first session key is used for the message that is exchanged with the described first network entity group that comprises at least one network entity is authenticated and encrypts; And
Carry out one second session key and set up obtaining one second session key, wherein said second session key is used for the message that is exchanged with the described second network entity group that comprises at least one network entity is authenticated and encrypts.
5. method according to claim 1 is wherein carried out described position and is determined with described position open in two different LCS sessions.
6. method according to claim 1 also comprises:
The described positional information of the described travelling carriage of buffer memory, and wherein use the described positional information of the described travelling carriage of institute's buffer memory to carry out described position openly.
7. method according to claim 1 is arranged in a service network of described travelling carriage and comprises that the described second network entity group of at least one network entity is arranged in a home network of described travelling carriage comprising the described first network entity group of at least one network entity.
8. according to the claim 1 tin method of stating, wherein said position is open is carried out by a location client and a location server.
9. method according to claim 8 comprise a LCS supplier comprising the described second network entity group of at least one network entity, and wherein said location client is arranged in described travelling carriage or described LCS supplier.
10. method according to claim 8 comprise a LCS server comprising the described second network entity group of at least one network entity, and wherein said location server is arranged in described travelling carriage or described LCS server.
11. method according to claim 1 comprises a position determination entity PDE comprising the described first network entity group of at least one network entity.
12. method according to claim 11 also comprises a Serving Mobile Location Center SMPC comprising the described first network entity group of at least one network entity.
13. method according to claim 11 also comprises an attribution authentication, authentication and charging entity H-AAA comprising the described first network entity group of at least one network entity.
14. method according to claim 1 comprises a LCS server comprising the described second network entity group of at least one network entity.
15. method according to claim 14 also comprises an attribution authentication, authentication and charging H-AAA entity comprising the described second network entity group of at least one network entity.
16. method according to claim 1, the described positional information of wherein said travelling carriage comprises the location estimation to described travelling carriage.
17. method according to claim 16, the described positional information of wherein said travelling carriage also comprises the uncertainty to the location estimation of described travelling carriage.
18. an equipment comprises:
Be used to receive device at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
Be used for the request in response to this positional information, when the positional information of present travelling carriage was unavailable or improper, the first network entity group executing location by comprising at least one network entity was determined the device with the positional information that obtains suitable travelling carriage; And
Be used for request in response to this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can be used and be suitable, skip the position and determine, by the open device of the second network entity group executing location that comprises at least one network entity with positional information that suitable travelling carriage is provided.
19. equipment according to claim 18 also comprises:
Be used for being used for the definite authentication in position and the device of authentication based on one first security process execution; And
Be used for carrying out the device that is used for disclosed authentication in position and authentication based on one second security process.
20. equipment according to claim 18 also comprises:
Be used to carry out one first session key and set up obtaining the device of one first session key, wherein said first session key is used for the message that is exchanged with the described first network entity group that comprises at least one network entity is authenticated and encrypts; And
Be used to carry out one second session key and set up obtaining the device of one second session key, wherein said second session key is used for the message that is exchanged with the described second network entity group that comprises at least one network entity is authenticated and encrypts.
21. equipment according to claim 18 also comprises:
The device that is used for the described positional information of the described travelling carriage of buffer memory, and wherein use the described positional information of the described travelling carriage of institute's buffer memory to carry out described position openly.
22. a radio mobile station comprises:
A processor is operable as:
Reception is at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
In response to the request of this positional information, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, carry out one first function obtaining the positional information of suitable travelling carriage, and
In response to the request of this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip to obtain first function of suitable positional information, carry out one second function so that the positional information of suitable travelling carriage to be provided,
Wherein said first function and at least one reciprocity first function that is arranged in the first network entity group that comprises at least one network entity are carried out alternately obtaining suitable positional information, and wherein said second function is carried out mutual so that suitable positional information to be provided with at least one reciprocity second function that is arranged in the second network entity group that comprises at least one network entity.
23. the method that location-based service LCS is provided comprises:
Reception is at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
In response to the request of this positional information, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, determine to obtain the positional information of suitable travelling carriage by a LCS session executing location; And
In response to the request of this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip the position and determine, open by the 2nd LCS session executing location so that the positional information of suitable travelling carriage to be provided.
24. method according to claim 23 is wherein carried out a described LCS session and described the 2nd LCS session in the different moment.
25. method according to claim 23 also comprises:
Carry out authentication and the authentication that is used for a described LCS session based on one first security process; And
Carry out authentication and the authentication that is used for described the 2nd LCS session based on one second security process.
26. method according to claim 23 also comprises:
Carry out one first session key foundation and be used for a described LCS session to obtain one first session key; And
Carry out one second session key foundation and be used for described the 2nd LCS session to obtain one second session key.
27. method according to claim 23 also comprises:
For a described LCS session provides one first call details record CDR; And
For described the 2nd LCS session provides one the 2nd CDR.
28. an equipment comprises:
Be used to receive device at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
Be used for request, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, determine device with the positional information that obtains suitable travelling carriage by a LCS session executing location in response to this positional information; And
Be used for request in response to this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip the position and determine, open by the 2nd LCS session executing location so that the positional information of suitable travelling carriage to be provided.
29. the method that location-based service LCS is provided comprises:
First request in response at the positional information of travelling carriage when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, obtains the positional information of suitable travelling carriage;
In response to this first request, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can be used and be suitable, skip and obtain suitable positional information, described suitable positional information is offered one first application at the positional information of travelling carriage; And
In response to second request at the positional information of travelling carriage, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip the suitable positional information of acquisition, described suitable positional information is offered one second application.
30. method according to claim 29, wherein obtain described positional information, and wherein openly described positional information is offered described first application and described second application by carrying out twice position by means of the open session in two positions by determining that by means of a position position of session execution is definite.
31. method according to claim 29 also comprises:
Described positional information is cached in described travelling carriage or the network entity.
32. method according to claim 29 also comprises:
Provide one to be used for using the first call details record CDR that described positional information is provided to described first; And
Be provided for using one the 2nd CDR that described positional information is provided to described second.
33. method according to claim 29, wherein said first application are arranged in one first network and described second application is arranged in one second network.
34. an equipment comprises:
Be used for when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, obtaining the device of the positional information of suitable travelling carriage in response to first request at the positional information of travelling carriage;
Be used in response to this first request, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can be used and be suitable, skip and obtain suitable positional information, suitable positional information is offered one first device of using at the positional information of travelling carriage; And
Be used in response to second request at the positional information of travelling carriage, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip and obtain suitable positional information, suitable positional information is offered the device of one second application.
35. the method that location-based service LCS is provided comprises:
Reception is at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
In response to the request of this positional information, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, determine to obtain the positional information of suitable travelling carriage by at least one the network entity executing location in a service network; And
In response to the request of this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can with and when suitable, skip the position and determine, open by at least one the network entity executing location in a home network so that the positional information of suitable travelling carriage to be provided.
36. method according to claim 35 also comprises:
Carry out one first session key and set up to obtain one first session key, wherein said first session key is used for the message that described at least one network entity exchanged with described service network is authenticated and encrypts; And
Carry out one second session key and set up to obtain one second session key, wherein said second session key is used for the message that described at least one network entity exchanged with described home network is authenticated and encrypts.
37. method according to claim 35, described at least one network entity in the wherein said service network comprises a Serving Mobile Location Center SMPC, and described method also comprises:
Determine the Internet protocol IP address of described SMPC.
38., wherein use the fully qualified domain name of described SMPC to determine the described IP address of described SMPC according to the described method of claim 37.
39., wherein carry out described position openly by described SMPC according to the described method of claim 37.
40. method according to claim 35 also comprises:
Send a message and begin a LCS session so that executing location is determined to trigger described travelling carriage to described travelling carriage.
41. method according to claim 35 also comprises:
Described positional information is cached in the network entity or their combination in a network entity in described travelling carriage, the described service network, the described home network.
42. an equipment comprises:
Be used to receive device at the request of the positional information of travelling carriage;
Be used for request, when the positional information of present travelling carriage is unavailable or improper, determine device with the positional information that obtains suitable travelling carriage by at least one the network entity executing location in a service network in response to this positional information; And
Be used for request in response to this positional information, and when the positional information of present travelling carriage can be used and be suitable, skip the position and determine, by the open device of at least one the network entity executing location in a home network with positional information that suitable travelling carriage is provided.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45235803P | 2003-03-05 | 2003-03-05 | |
| US60/452,358 | 2003-03-05 | ||
| US60/452,914 | 2003-03-07 | ||
| US60/460,839 | 2003-04-05 | ||
| US10/792,062 | 2004-03-02 |
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| CN100394811C true CN100394811C (en) | 2008-06-11 |
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| CNB200480010627XA Expired - Fee Related CN100394811C (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-03-04 | User plane-based location services (LCS) system,method and apparatus |
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