CN1036909C - 包装件的分配阀 - Google Patents
包装件的分配阀 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/20—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge
- B65D47/2018—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure
- B65D47/2031—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure the element being formed by a slit, narrow opening or constrictable spout, the size of the outlet passage being able to be varied by increasing or decreasing the pressure
Abstract
用于例如液体肥皂,洗发剂和调节剂,家用洗涤剂,清洁剂,抛光剂,增水乳剂,和相类似的液体成品的所提供的一种分配包装,它有一个装在其内带有自动密封的分配阀的容器。该阀有一个边缘法兰、一个在其上带有排放孔的阀头,和一个具有其一端与阀法兰连接,而相对一端与在相邻边缘肋的阀头连接。连接外套有一个弹性柔软结构,这样,当在容器内压力上升超过到预定值时,阀头向外位移,以此方式引起连接外套双重翻过来和滚动地伸出。
Description
本发明涉及成品包装,特别是一种用于流体成品和类似成品的自动密封阀。
目前现有许多不同类型的包装或容器,它们可用来装可流动的非固体成品,例如液体或被液化的物质,包括液体、糊状物,粉状物以及类似物质,这些物质都具有聚合性质,于是一般把它们归到“流体”类。一些这样的包装包括有自动密封分配阀,这个阀可以允许那些被选定量的流体从容器中流出,然后重新密封关闭容器。
以前分配包装遇到的问题是,相对于在包装容器、阀门、和流体成品之间达到适当的设计平衡问题,这样成品可重复地被分配而不需施加很大的力量,而且仅只平滑地释放出使用者所需的数量,特别是要在密封容器中保持这种类型成品的存在。例如,当分配出高浓缩流体成品时,象洗手皂液等,使用者在每次使用时,一般只需少量的或一定量的皂液,以便达到满意的效果。相比较而言,当使用另一种类型流体成品,例如象皮肤增水剂、鞣料配方和类似物质,使用者每次需要大量的所需成品。跟随容器上适当的压力而快速、容易地打开阀门的能力是很重要的,如同当压力释放时快速、安全地关闭阀门的能力一样。一旦阀门打开,保持流体通过阀门,在容器上必须施加的压力也很重要。快速而且准确地在这些因素之间达到适当的平衡能力,在设计分配包装时是合乎要求的。
本发明的一个方面是用于流体成品和相类似成品的分配包装,这种分配包装由装在其中的分配阀门的容器构成。分配阀门包括边缘法兰,它密封容器周围的排放孔,和一个带有一个孔的阀盖,随着所施加和释放的预定排放压力,控制液体经过该孔的流量而打开和关闭该孔。该阀有一具有一端与阀法兰连接,而相对一端与在相邻边缘肋的阀盖连接的连接外套。该连接外套有一弹性柔软结构,因此,当在容器内的压力上升超过预定排放压力时,阀盖在以一种引起连接外套双重翻过来然后滚动地伸出的方式向外位移,于是对阀盖施加一扭矩,协助把孔打开。
本发明的主要目的是提供一个可易于和平滑地分配多样化的不同类型的流体成品的分配包装。该分配包装有一个自动密封的阀,该阀是与容器和分配流体成品类型这二者是相匹配的,当使用者施加适当的压力于容器时,以便使阀迅速和安全地封闭,同样,使阀快速地和安全打开。该阀有一个弹性柔软的连接外套,该连接外套可形成双重翻过来,然后滚动地伸出,以便提供一个作用于阀头的扭矩,协助打开阀头上的孔。连接外套具有足够弹性,例如由热膨胀引起的在容器内部增加的压力,是由在连接外套上阀头的位移来抵消,以便减轻在孔上的过量的压力。也可成形一个提供足够的弹性连接外套,当阀法兰与其相联结的容器相接触时,阀的任何的不对中和/或变形,并不会传到阀头上,因此,允许该孔不受阻碍的打开和关闭。也可能成形一个提供足够的弹性连接外套,这样通过在连接外套上的阀头的位移吸收作用在容器的冲击力和类似的力,以便避免阀孔发生偶然的打开。甚至当容器压力处于相当大范围内时,成形的阀可使液体以不变的流速流过该阀。每次使用时,对于那些每次需要大量分配的物质,成形的阀一旦使小孔打开,需要保持液体流过小孔的压力就会下降,以便不必去密封阀,从而提供方便的操作。这种分配包装特别通用,并且特别适用于连接分配容器的底部,和其它类似的密封包装。该阀是很耐用的,同时生产造价不高,并且设计也不复杂。总的来说,这种包装在使用方面是高效的,在造价方面是便宜的,还有使用寿命长,并且特别适合于各种不同目的使用。
通过参阅下面所属的说明书,权利要求书和附图,本专业的人员进一步明白和评价本发明的这些或其他的优点。
图1是本发明的具体分配容器的立体图,其中断开处显露出一个装在该容器底部的自动密封阀;
图2是该分配容器的正视图,其中断开处露出该阀,它处于完全缩回和完全关闭的位置;
图3是该分配容器的正视图,其中断开处露出该阀,它处于完全伸出和完全打开的位置;
图4是该阀的放大的、不完整的顶视图。
图5是该阀的放大的正视图;
图6是该阀的放大的横截面图;
图7是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,表示该阀处于完全关闭和完全缩回的位置;
图8是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全关闭并且局部缩回的位置;
图9是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全关闭并且局部伸出的位置;
图10是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全关闭并且完全伸出的位置;
图11是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全关闭并且完全伸出的位置,此时,显示该阀的头部开始向外打开;
图12是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全关闭并且完全伸出的位置,此时,表示该阀的头部有继续向外打开的趋势;
图13是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于完全打开并完全伸出的位置,此时,表示该阀的头部完全的向外打开;
图14是表示在图13说明的位置的该阀的放大底部平面图;
图15是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀靠在容器挡板上处于完全关闭并局部伸出的位置;
图16是该阀装在与其相连的容器中的放大横截面图,同时表示该阀处于靠在一个替换容器挡板上完全关闭并完全伸出的位置;
为了说明起见,术语“上面”,“下面”,“右边”,“左边”,“后面”,“前面”,“垂直的”,“水平的”,及其转化而来的术语,是与本发明中图1~3有关,但应理解,除了明显的肯定与本发明内容对立外,本发明可采取可替换的定位和工序步骤。
本发明的具体分配包装引用数字1表示(图1)。分配包装1特别适用于分配液体成品,例如液体肥皂,家用清洁剂,抛光剂,增加水分的乳剂,食品及其类似成品、该包装带有一个装在其中的自动密封的分配阀3的容器2。阀3有一个边缘法兰4,一个在其中带有排出孔6的阀头5,和一个连接外套7,该外套一端靠近边缘的内边与该阀法兰4相连,另一端与阀头5相连。连接外套7有一个弹性的柔软的结构,因此,当容器2内压力上升到预定数值时,连接外套7以对折翻出并由此而滚动伸出的方式,阀头5便被向外推开(图8-15)。
容器2(图1~3)用于底部分配而特别设计,它有一个支承在大体上是刚性底基13上的普通柔性的椭圆容器体12。容器体12最好由合适人造树脂材料或类似材料整体模压制成,于是,它包括相对定位的侧壁14和15,一个顶部16和一个底部17所构成的一个整体结构。容器侧壁14和15会受到侧面的柔性加压和容器2内部的卸压,因此,该侧壁最好具有足够的弹性或韧性,以便在释放施加在容器2上使液体成品18从其中分配的外来作用力后,容器侧壁会自动恢复它们原来形状。
容器底部17(图2和图3)有一个向下敞开的颈部20,它限定一个排出口21,阀3的边缘法兰4便安置在该口周围。正如图7和8最好说明那样,颈部20的自由端,有一个在纵向横断面具有普通的L形结构的环形槽22,在此槽中紧紧地容纳阀3的边缘法兰4。容器基面13有一个安置在槽22附近的阀保持环23,并且它通过卡锁结构24与容器体12固定。容器基面13(图2和3)有一个端接支承在分配容器1相连表面上的平底25,该相连表面例如是逆顶,孔、工作表面或类似的表面。颈槽22被设置在容器基面13的底部25内部,以便使方向阀3在分配容器1内处于普通凹槽位置中,后面将更详细说明。
参阅图4~6,自动密封分配阀3有一个整体成形的单体结构。阀3最好由具有弹性的柔性材料模制而成,例如包括一种基本上是惰性的硅橡胶,以便避免它与装有的液体成品起反应作用和/或起掺杂作用。在本发明一个实施例中,阀3经过液体硅橡胶的模压以相当高速度生产。
阀3的边缘法兰4(图4~6)具有一个环状平面形,并且是一个大体上为L形横截面的结构,它包括一个内边30,一个外边31,一个底部32,和一个带有在其上直立的外凸缘34的顶33。边缘法兰4在底部32和顶33之间具有相当大的厚度,该厚度可弹性压缩而与保持环23连接,从而在它们之间形成一个可靠的防漏的密封装置。阀法兰4的凸缘部分34可在颈槽22中,可靠的锁紧阀3,以防它在其间作任何径向移动。
阀3的头部5(图4~6)有一个环形平面形状,并且是一个在阀头5的径向外侧部分较厚的圆锥形结构,而在其径向内侧部分是较薄的。这种圆锥形的结构协助阀3完成弹性膜片的打开/关闭的作用,正如下面描述那样。更特别是,例如阀头5有一个外侧或外表面38,它有一个朝着分配密封容器1的外侧打开或向外弯曲的拱形壁立体结构,并且外表面38由第一预定半径所限定。阀头外表面38在连接外套7之间继续延伸。阀头5也有一个内侧表面或内表面39,它有一个带有朝分配密封容器1外侧打开或向外弯曲的拱形壁立体结构的边缘部分40,并且阀头5外表面39由第二预定半径所限定。在内表面39上的边缘部分40的半径比在外表面38有半径要大,于是,这二个表面朝着阀头5的中心集中,并且如上面提到的提供一个阀头5的向内的锥形结构。阀头5的内表面39也有一个中心部分41,该中心部分有一个环形平面形状,实质上是平的或平面的立体结构,其上有垂直的排放孔6。正如下面所述,阀头5的中心部分41可协助提高阀3打开和关闭的。阀头5的外圆周边由环形边缘肋42所限定,该外圆周边始于边缘部分40的外边43,同时以轻微外锥形由该处向外延伸,最后停止在连接外套7中。边缘部分40和阀头5的中心部分41的相交点确定了一个环形边界44。沿边缘肋42的测量的阀头5的外径实际上比沿内侧面30测量的边缘法兰4的内径要小。如后面详细说明,在阀头5和边缘法兰4之间的空间是允许阀头5沿着经过边缘法兰4的中心的轴向自由位移动的。
阀头5的连接外套部分7(图4~6)是一种具有一个空心的环形样式结构和J形的纵向截面形的可起伏的薄膜,它有一个圆柱形侧壁部分45,和一径向向外延伸的基底部分46。连接外套7分别有内表面47和外表面48。它们沿其长度等距离隔开,于是,连接外套7具有基本上均匀的厚度。连接外套7的一端部49与和它相邻的边缘肋42的阀头5的外表面38相连,而连接外套7的相对另一端部50与边缘法兰4的内侧边30相连。靠近端部49的连接外套7的内表面47,实际上与靠近阀头5的边缘肋42设置为共面的。而连接外套7的相对端部50在内侧边30的中部与边缘阀法兰7相连,于是,连接外套7的基底部分46从边缘阀法兰46处以径向向内地扩张成喇叭形,并且基底部分46在连接外套7的拱形部分51处朝着分配密封容器1外部也向外伸出。连接外套拱式成喇叭形的部分51首先协助连接外套7双重的翻过来,于是阀头5就滚动地伸出而向外位移,下面更详细描述之。正如后面讨论那样,对阀头5来说,连接外套7的端部49的边缘连接点,以及它的连接几何形状,将会增加协助弹性膜片阀3打开的扭力效能。在连接外套7的端部49的外套侧壁45的外表面48,它与在一个限定环形边界52的角度处的阀头5的外表面38相交。例如,外套拱形部分51的最外面区域,设置为大体上与边缘法兰4的底部32的内部是一致的,这样,便于制造。连接外套7的长度最好选择足够的短,以便在阀头5处于完全伸出的位置时(图10~14),防止在阀头5后面出现所谓的折叠。因此,可避免干涉阀头5的缩回。这点在后面要详细说明。
单个的阀3在其原始的正常情况下,它具有帽形的边缘的立体结构,其阀头5呈现普通的拱形。连接外套7的弹性灵活性允许其相等的双重翻过来,于是如后面所述的滚动地伸出。连接外套7和设置在其中心的阀头5正如滚动的薄膜在起作用,允许阀头5在容器颈部20的孔21中分别作轴向的向内和向外自由的位移或浮动。
在附图的实施例中,排放孔6(图4~6)具有由两条相交直线型的狭缝55和56构成的一个十字狭缝结构,该狭缝55和56经过中心部分41的相对的侧面38和39而延伸。附图的狭缝55和56以相互垂直相交定位,并且在稍微向内离开中心部分41的外边界44处设有它们的相对端部55a和55b。孔缝55和56由4个可向内和向外弯曲的阀瓣或翻板57限定,从而对液体成品可选择地允许其通过阀3流动。狭缝55和56最好由经过阀头5的中心部分41切断而形成,而不需从该处取走任何数量的材料,于是当排出孔6处于正常的,完全关闭位置时,阀瓣57的相对侧面58和59相互靠上而紧密地密封。对于阀3的预定打开的和关闭的压力变化和分配密封容器1的其他分配特征,可调节狭缝55和56的长度和位置。
每一个阀瓣57的侧面58和59在对限定一端边界60上的它们的自由端上相交。在边缘部分40,边缘肋42,狭缝端部55a和55b和外表面38限定该阀头5的环形部分61之间,配置了阀头5的这个部分,其功能在后面加以详述。
应理解,孔6根据那些所希望的分配特性,可以采取不同的形状、大小和/或结构。例如,特别是当希望产生细小的或狭小流量时,孔6可以有单个狭缝。特别是当希望产生较大的或宽的流量,和/或该液体成品含有团粒,例如一些包括调味品类型和类似的成品时,孔6也可具有3条或更多狭缝。例如孔状、鸭嘴状等的其它形式的孔6,也可在阀3中出现。
为了用于连接特别的容器,自动密封分配阀3最好使之特别的成形而适应特有类型的液体成品,这样,便可达到所希望的精确的分配特性。例如,液体成品的粘度和密度是在设计阀3的特别结构时要考虑的二个重要因素,正如特别是当用于底部分配时所构成的分配密封容器1,容器2的形状、大小和强度也是重要因素。在达到希望分配特性中,该阀的材料的刚性和硬度,和阀头5和连接外套7二者的尺寸和形状也是重要的,并且应对容器2和在其中被分配的液体材料二者应细心的相适应。
本发明的一个实施例是针对在其上分配例如洗碗盘的洗涤剂,液体肥皂,增水性的乳剂,食料及其类似液体成品的液体家用成品。当这些液体成品材料由一个带有设置阀3的吹模成形的聚丙烯制成的容器,在其底部4分配时,如下所描述那样,可获得特别合适的一个特有的阀3。边缘阀法兰4的外径和内径分别为0.7000和0.5802英寸,而阀头5的边缘肋42的外径是0.4391英寸,中心部分41的外径大约为0.2212英寸。连接外套7的厚度大约是0.0131英寸,它有一总高度,正如从边缘法兰4的底部32到0.1159英寸的阀头5的边缘52所得的测量值。外表面38的阀头半径是0.2900英寸,而内表面39的边缘部分40半径是0.0350英寸。因此,阀头5在边缘肋42处的总厚度大约为0.0778英寸和在中心部分41的中间大约为0.0350英寸。从边缘法兰4的底部32到中心部分41的顶部测量到的阀3的总高度大约为0.2402英寸。狭缝55和56的长度约0.2200英寸,并且使它们在阀中心部分41笔直地对准中心。该阀由一种属于道·科宁公司(Dow Corning Corporation)商标“SILASTICSR”的制品的液体硅橡胶整体模压制成。
对一些阀进行试验,当在容器2内施加压力等于大约25~28英寸水柱高时,指出阀3的弹性膜片的打开便具有以上所确定的特有的尺寸大小和特征。促使阀3的弹性膜片打开的压力一般参照其中预定的分配压力或打开的压力。当容器2的内压力下降到等于大约16~18英寸水柱高的压力时,阀3便自动的关闭。引起阀3关闭的压力一般参照其中预定关闭压力。同时要注意到,甚至当特大的压力施加到容器2中时,阀3实际上以恒定液体成品流量或流线通过孔6排出而打开。
根据本发明可理解到,阀3可采取许多不同的形状和尺寸,特别是使容器2和类型与在其中分配的液体成品的一致性。根据用于特别的成品的那些要求分配的规范,阀3的预定打开和关闭的压力可广泛的变化。分配液体成品的流动特性实际上也是可调节的,例如用于相对宽的柱状流量、中等细的流量,滴流,和类似的流量等流动特征。
在操作时,分配密封容器1以下面方式起作用。阀3如图7所示正常的呈现向内凸起的方位,其中阀3实际上保持它原始模制形状而不变形,这时连接外套7完全缩回和排放孔6完全关闭。当在容器2的底部装上阀3时,正如图中所示的分配密封容器1的底部那样,即使在当容器2完全装满时,通过液体成品18在其上施加液体水头压力下,阀3具有的形状将使排放孔6保持牢固的关闭。
当一个附加压力传送到容器2内部,例如通过人工向内弯曲容器侧壁14和15,连接外套7正以滚动薄膜起作用,通过双重翻过来的连接外套7,允许阀头5开始朝分配密封容器1的外面向外作轴向位移,如图8所示,依次以滚动形式向外伸出。开始连接外套7的向外凸出的J形结构协助连接外套7的这种滚动运动。连接外套7从其原始模制形状(图7)的弹性变形中,在阀3中发生复杂的应力结构,由于弹性原因,促使这种同样应力反回到它的原始或正常的结构中,这种力包括一种向外直接的扭矩,它通过连接外套7施加到靠近边缘肋42的阀头5上,它力图有弹性的促使排放孔6有助于它的打开位置,正如后面详述一样。
如图9所示,当附加压力传到容器2内部时,通过连接外套7本身整个滚动,阀头5继续向外轴向位移。阀头5的边缘肋42通过边缘阀法兰4的中心。
如图10所示,当附加压力传到容器2内部时,阀头5朝分配密封容器1的外面继续向外伸出,直到容器7完全伸出为止。当阀头完全处于伸出位置(图10),在连接外套7中建立的应力促使连接外套7的侧壁45,与阀头5的边缘肋42周围同心呈现出一个普通的圆柱形的形状。连接外套7的侧壁45从其原始模制形状到与阀头5的边缘肋42方位平衡翻过180度而折叠,由此限定一个外凸缘或外边缘65。
如图11所示,当附加压力传到容器2内部时,阀头5继续向外位移。但是,由于连接外套7完全伸出,进一步的使阀头5向外的位移纵向的拉紧或延伸连接外套7,因此,增加的向外直接扭矩施加在阀头5上。如图11所示,同时,阀头5进一步向外运动,使阀头5趋向于拉平或展平,特别是沿其外表面38更是这样。这种展平运动拉平到使阀头5的环形平面结构扩大或扩张,接着这种扩大受到通过连接外套7施加在阀头5的边缘肋42上的径向向内直接力的阻挠,因此,在阀3内发生另一种复杂的应用结构,这种力包括在径向向内拉平而达到压缩阀头5的那种力。由于阀头5的锥状形,大部分的压缩变形认为发生在阀头5的中心部分41的附近。通过图11的虚线图形和实线图形,如虚线所示,当连接外套7处于完全伸出位置,并且如图11实线所示,附加压力传到阀3的内侧边39时,外凸缘65轴向的向外和径向的向外运动。阀头5的边缘肋42正如通过连接外套7施加在其上的扭力的结果一样,边缘肋显示弯曲或弹性向内变形。
如图12所示,当附加压力传到容器2内部时,通过连接外套7进一步纵向伸长,和阀头5平面形状进一步扩大,阀头5继续向外位移。这种运动最好参阅图12的虚线图形和实线图形。外凸缘65来自如图11所示情况的移动,它相当于图12虚线图形位置,以一种轴向向外和径向向外运动方式到图12实线所示的位置。阀头5的边缘肋42,正如通过连接外套7增加施加在其上扭力的结果一样,它显示更为弯曲或弹性向内变形。如图12所示,这种联合的力和运动同时起到的作用,是进一步压缩阀头5使之分向二边的状况,其中,在阀头5上作用的联合力,在阀3的内侧面39上施加任何附加向外力,同样会引起随着对分开阀瓣57打开运动(图13和14)而迅速把阀瓣向外打开,因此,液体成品经过排放孔6而分配。正如这里使用的术语,图12表示阀3的分向二边的状况,并且确定阀3呈现如图13和14所示立刻打开到全部打开情况的在先相对的不稳定情况。正如阀3经历如图12表示的那种分向二边的状况,在阀头5上作用的联合力是处于一时的很暂短的不稳定的平衡状态,因此,阀头5很快的位移成为普通的锥形状,同时打开孔6。在图12是实线表示这种分向二边的情况,阀头5呈现一个很接近平的圆盘的形状,而外表面38在边缘65和阀瓣边界60之间向内形成一个凹形,内表面39向孔6的中心轻微向外弯曲。
为实现阀3具有弹性膜片型的打开,(注意图12的实施例)至少部分地由通过连接外套7施加在阀头5上的扭矩,是以使阀头5的边缘肋42的形状弯形。当阀3呈现如图13和14所示完全伸出和完全打开位置时,阀瓣57和与阀头5连结的边缘部分61向外弯曲或弹性变形,因此,允许阀头5的边缘65变得细小或轻微收缩。阀瓣57在端部55a和55b或小孔狭缝55和56之间沿直线趋向于开口地分开而伸出。通过连接外套7继续向阀头5施加向内径向力,除此以外,通过连接外套7向阀头5施加向外定向的扭矩,即使传到容器2内部的压力下降,这种联合力可保持排放孔6处于完全打开位置。所以,在通过施加预定打开的压力使排放孔6打开后,在需要保持液体流过孔6的压力下降时,或该压力低于其临界压力时,因此,便提供最大的分配流畅和流量控制。由于连接外套7的弹性变形,促使阀头5承受膨胀作用力,并且在那附近的压力同样的完成弹性膜片打开运动/弹性膜片关闭运动,假如连接外套7的弹性变形有些变化,例如所制造的连接外套7厚点或薄点,对于任何特别用途来说,是可调节其弹性膜片的数量或角度。对于完成所要求的弹性膜片作用,类似的环61的弹性强度是可调节的。
通过连接外套7作用在阀头5上的联合压力和扭力,打开阀瓣57到普通的预定结构,即使作用到容器2的有效压力不同,这样经过排放孔6的流量速度实际上保持不变。正如图13和14所示,阀3分向二边通过后(图12所示),它便沿着打开方向迅速地和必然地呈现完全打开状态(如图13和14所示),阀瓣57的端部边界60径向的向外岔开,如图14所示,这样排放孔6呈现一个星形平面图形。在液体成品压力作用下,阀头5的边缘肋42向内稍许转动或绕着枢轴转动,并且,通过连接外套7作用在阀头上的可恢复原状的扭矩,继续对阀3作向内返回弹性地推动使它恢复原来模制形状(图7)。通过在容器2内的压力所产生向外直接的力作用下,连接外套7仍然在轴向和圆周方向二者中拉紧,同时,液体成品经孔6高效率流出。阀3的几何形状,特别是阀头5和连接外套7的形状,每当孔6迅速打开时,足以迫使阀3变成如图13和14所示的图形。
当容器2内部的压力减小时,排放孔6将一直保持在实际上完全打开位置,如图13和14所示,直到压力达到预选的关闭压力,那时,通过连接外套原始模制形状的弹性变形而在连接外套上产生的力,此力把阀头5向里拉,使阀头从分叉状态重新回到向里凹的状态,如图10所示,因此,排放孔6通过迅速动作,确定地和安全地关闭,这一动作与排放孔6打开的动作类似。阀头5的弹性膜片关闭运动可使排放孔6迅速地并且安全地关闭,从而使从密封容器1流出的液体,不带任何液滴地干净地断流,甚至于流出的物质很粘或是很稠。阀3将持续地呈现完全关闭状态,完全伸出的位置(如图10所示),直到容器6内的压力进一步减小时,以便允许阀3在连接外套7内回弹。从而使阀头5返回完全缩回到如图7所示的原始位置。
本发明所希望的至少一些阀3具有相当高的预定关闭压力,这个压力相当于17~18英寸的水柱的自然力,这样就可使孔6即使在容器2不能提供吸回力或负压情况下,仍可以迅速地安全地关闭。而且,至少一些这样的阀3的连接外套可提供足够的回弹力,使阀头5不需要从容器2得到任何吸回力或负压力,就可以自动地缩回到完全缩进的位置,如图7所示。因此,阀3很容易适合于与它连接的容器,这些容器包括可压扁软袋、可压扁软管或类似物。而且,阀3还特别适合于下部排流的密封容器,象图1~3所示,在那里,阀3正常地提供柱状的液体成品。
在许多分配密封容器1的实施例中,容器2将被设计为带有较硬的侧壁14和15,这种较硬侧壁必需在被剂压之后才能恢复它们原来的形状。在这种实施例中,在分配液体成品后,气体被吸进容器2中,由于这点,就需要特别地防止压扁容器2,从而可很容易地继续地排流直到容器2完全没有压力。当阀3处于完全关闭、完全缩进的位置时(图9),凹形的阀头5就允许孔6较快地向里打开,从而可吸进气体到容器2中,然而,要有效地阻止孔6向外打开的方式,就得使容器2漏出一些气体,因此,在容器侧壁不很被压扁情况下,即使侧壁较薄较弱的容器2,也是适用于阀3的。
参阅图15,当分配密封容器1被运输时或类似情况时,象航运,火车运输等等,分配密封容器1可配备一个可靠关闭装置,以防止疏忽地泄漏。如图15所示的分配密封容器1包括一个滑动挡板70,当此挡板关闭时,实际上阻挡住连接外套7和与其连结的阀头5向外滚动地伸出。通过抑制连接外套7向外伸展的动作,防止阀头5翻转变成一凸形结构,因此,保持排放孔6完全关闭。当挡板70从阀3下部滑出来时,接着阀3就自由地往复运动,并且打开孔6,从容器2中分配液体成品。
图16是用于分配密封容器1另一个可供选择的关闭装置的局部示意图,在那里,通过传统的紧固夹,例如一个快速锁紧,铰接等(未表示)为了可拆卸的与固定环连接而提供一个可拆卸的罩子71。该罩子71有一普通平的外表面72,一个内表面73,和一个圆筒形侧壁74,它们的大小和形状是这样的,当阀头5处于它的完全伸出的位置时,罩的内表面73靠在阀3的凸缘65上。罩的内表面73的中心部分有一个向内凸起的隆起物75,在实施例中,它一般呈凸形,其半球面中心点向阀3内部伸出到邻近阀3的凹形外表面38的一个位置处。为了在确实地保持阀头5在凹形结构中的情况下构成隆起物75(Node 75),因此,安全地保持排放孔完全地打开。
在滚动的连接外套7上的阀头5的往复运动,提供具有几个重要优点的分配密封容器1。例如,连接外套7最好用足够柔性成形制造,这样使之在容器2内部中发展的增加不正常压力,例如由于热膨胀或类似情况引起的不正常压力,这将通过阀头5相对于连接外套7的轴向位移运动来抵消,于是,在排出孔6上缓和了超过的压力。这样,假如分配密封容器1在一种淋浴器或洗澡池处和倒挂液体肥皂或洗头剂一起使用时,当在淋浴器中周围温度上升,而不是对排放孔6直接地增加传送的相关联的压力时,在某种意义上来说,这种情况可能会引起孔6偶然的打开,因此,阀头5向外轴向位移而解除任何的这种压力,并且可防止液体成品从分配密封容器1中任何一种的偶然漏出。
另一个实施例是通过连接外套7的滚动薄膜作用和阀头5的轴向往复运动来完成,该连接外套7最好是具有足够柔性的结构,例如当把阀装到容器2内时,任何阀法兰4的不对中和/或变形,不会传到阀头5上。因此,允许排放孔6无阻碍的操作。如上所述,由于滚体硅橡胶固有粘性,与容器2相同,构成阀的附件是十分困难的,并且时常引起阀3的边缘法兰4的一些不同的压力和/或变形的类型。如无连接外套7的滚动薄膜作用,任何这种变形是直接传到阀头5上,其次是使排放孔6变形,并且改变例如预定打开压力,关闭压力,流速等重要设计特性。连结本发明的阀3的滚动薄膜的连接外套7趋向于从边缘法兰7中隔离或脱开阀头5,如此,它可自由地浮动,因此避免如此问题。
本发明还有一个实施例是连接外套7最好带有足够柔性的结构,这样,作用在容器2的震动力,冲击力和类似的力可通过在滚动的连接外套7上位移的阀头5所吸收和/或缓冲,因而避免排放孔6的偶然打开。在偶然中,分配密封容器1掉在地板上,容器表面受到猛烈撞击,或另外在容器2内的液体成品加速和/或减速流动所产生的振动或冲击力,直接传到排放孔6上,并且趋向于引起排放孔偶然的打开。但,阀3的滚动连接外套7的作用是起到吸收这种冲击力的一种缓冲器或冲击吸收器作用,并且因此而大大的缓和液体成品从分配密封容器1中偶然排出的偶然性。与此相似,当分配密封容器1用作盛装例如一些沙拉调味类型或相类似的非均一性的液体时,典型的是在使用前摇晃容器,连接外套7协助吸收这些震动力,从而防止漏出。
本发明还有另一个实施例是连接外套7最好是带有足够柔性的结构,仅仅在实际上低于阀3预定打开压力的中等压力时,需要这种压力把阀头5从完全缩回位置(图7)位移到完全打开位置(图10),因此,提高密封容器1的分配“感觉”。当用户掌握容器2使用情况时,即使在侧壁14和15作用微轻的挤压,连接外套7和阀头5将以滚动地伸出而达到如图10所示的完全伸出和完全关闭的位置,在此点上,阀头5瞬时地停止并且进而是液体成品的运动受到阻挡,直到作用在容器2上而在容器2内引起的内压力的附加力大于阀3的预定打开压力为止。通过用户接触或感觉,才感觉到连接外套7和阀头5的运动,当阀头5达到完全伸出位置(图10),在容器侧壁14和15处才体会到震动或波动的典型的形式。这种波动的运动以信号方式告知用户说阀头5已完全伸出,并且进一步的压力将导致阀3的弹性膜片打开和进行分配液体成品。当阀3的弹性膜片打开和弹性膜片关闭,类似用户经容器侧壁14和15传送震动或波动,从而协助完成精确的流量控制。
在分配密封容器1的实施例中,阀3装在容器2内,在某种意义上说,它导致阀头5在图7所示的完全缩回位置之间位移,在那里,为了阀3安全存放,阀3是完全配置在容器2内部中的,并且导致阀头5在图13和14所示的完全伸出的排放位置之间位移,在那里,为了液体成品从那通过而平滑的分配,阀头5和其连结的孔6完全配置在容器2的外边。根据在那两种极端位置位移的阀头5,当阀头3不使用时,它可正常的不暴露的和安全的留在容器2内部,当分配时并不牺牲它的流量的平滑性。此外,在容器2中应最好定位阀3,这样,连接外套7的拱形部分51便在容器基底13的底部25处附近配置,如此,如果分配密封容器在一表面上砰地放下,在阀3和该表面之间的支座将防止阀3从位移到完全伸出位置,因此,保持孔6关闭而防止偶然的漏出。
分配密封容器1是非常万能的,它具有液体成品易于分配和平滑分配广泛范围的流体的能力。该自动密封的阀3与容器2和从该容器中分配的液体成品类型是很好搭配的,故可迅速的安全的密封,用户易于在其上操作打开,而不需要过分的压力或力量。该弹性柔软的连接外套7它有双重翻过来和滚动地伸出的结构,为适应容器2内的热膨胀,吸收对容器的冲击力,为适应任何非线性和/或变形,这种非线性和/或变形可作用在与容器相连接的阀法兰上,并且它提供一个很大的易于精确分配的唯一的分配意识。阀3的结构、于是当孔6的弹性膜片打开时,甚至当容器2经受相对大范围的压力变化时,经过它建立起恒定的流速。阀3最好也构成这样的结构,一旦排放孔6打开,保持液体流量所需要的压力值要减少,这样,可提供很易操作和控制,而不丧失安全的密封。分配密封容器1特别适用于不产生泄漏情况下底部分配结构容器,振动容器,和其它相似不产生泄漏情况下原理的容器。
以上所述,对本专业人员是易于理解的,只要他不离开这里所公开的技术概念,对本发明可做出各种变形。认为这些变型包括在以下所有权利要求中,除了那些权利要求其术语表达相反性质情况下是例外。
Claims (19)
1)一种用于流体成品类包装的分配阀,它属于一流体成品容器,而容器中带排放孔,一个密封该容器的排放孔周围而构成的一个边缘阀法兰(4),一个具有一个边缘肋(42)、内侧壁和外侧壁以及一个在其间伸出孔的阀头(5),随着传入一定的排放压力而使该孔(6)打开,使流体经该孔而流出,并且在预定排放压力卸掉后,关闭该孔,切断该孔流出的流体;
一个具有弹性挠曲结构的连接外套(7),其一端与所述阀法兰连结,而其相对一端与其相邻边缘肋的阀头连结,其特征在于当加到阀头的压力使阀头从其停靠位置向外移动,在该移动中,连接外套有双重翻过来的滚动外缘(65),该滚动外缘在连接外套处于完全展开形状时在阀头端部(49)沿着连接外套滚动,其中,力通过连接外套施加到阀头时,孔(6)是关闭的,当压力超过一定的排放压力时,使双重翻过来的外缘(65)不滚动,这时孔(6)打开。
2)如权利要求1所述的分配阀,其特征是:当连接外套外于完全伸出,上述外缘(65)被折回180°的一部分连接外套自身所限定。
3)根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于上述连接外套(7)具有与邻近外侧(38)的上述阀头(5)相连的其上述相对端部(49)以提供有助于打开上述孔的转矩。
4)根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于在阀的原先未变形的模制形状下,连接外套有一个大致呈均匀壁厚但比阀头薄的柱形侧壁部分(45)。
5)根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于在其边缘处,阀头的外径大致小于在其内缘处边缘阀法兰的内径以使阀头在穿过边缘阀法兰中心的轴线方向自由地位移。
6)根据前述权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于上述边缘阀法兰(4)包括一个外侧壁(32),一个内侧壁(34)和上述连接外套(7),上述连接外套(7)成形为使上述阀头(5)在上述边缘阀法兰的内侧壁处于完全收缩的位置便于贮存和在上述边缘阀法兰的外侧壁处于完全伸出的位置之间位移便于分配。
7)根据上述权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于至少一个上述阀头(5)的内侧壁(39)和上述阀头(5)的外侧壁(38)精确地成形,这样当上述阀头(5)在全缩和全伸位置之间进行位移,上述阀头被上述连接外套向内压从而使上述孔(6)很快和可靠地打开和关闭。
8)根据权利要求1或2所述的分配阀,其特征在于在全缩位置的阀大致呈其原先未变形的模制形状。
9)根据权利要求1或2所述的分配阀,其特征在于上述阀头的外侧壁(38)包括一个弯曲形状部分以保证当上述孔(6)关闭时它呈凹进方向而当上述孔(6)打开时它呈凸出方向,这样向内压力和由上述连接外套(7)施加到上述阀头的转矩相结合就可弹性地保持上述孔打开,从而保持流体流过上述孔所需的压力大致小于上述一定的极限压力,于是对流体分配和流动控制提供更大的方便。
10)根据权利要求1或2所述的分配阀,其特征在于当上述孔(6)打开时,上述阀头(5)有一个凸出定向,该形状使阀头假定呈凸出定向时,上述孔(6)自动地移位到全开位置,结果通过上述孔的流体流量比较恒定,甚至当上述容器内的压力在一正常定量之间变化时流量也较恒定,
11)根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于,上述阀头(5)包括一个有被一个第一半径限定的外弯拱形侧壁正面形状的外侧壁(38)和一个具有平侧壁正面形状带有中心部分(41)的内侧壁(39)和一个有被一个比第一半径大的第二半径限定的外弯拱形侧壁正面形状的边缘部分(40);上述孔(6)从上述外面中心部分(41)伸到上述阀头内面,在加上一定的排放压力时,上述排放孔达到方便和完全打开,在卸去一定的排放压力时,上述排放孔达到牢靠和完全关闭。
12)根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的分配阀,其特征在于,阀头5有一圆的平面形状且有一带锥度的结构,即阀头(5)沿径向向外变厚而沿径向向内则变薄。
13)根据权利要求12所述的分配阀,其特征在于阀头的外侧壁(38)有一个向外弯曲且由第一半径所限定呈拱形侧的正面形状,阀头外侧壁连续地在连接外套的内侧壁之间延伸,内侧壁(39)有一个带有向外弯曲呈弧形侧正面形状的边缘部分(40)并由一个第二半径所限定,该第二半径比第一半径大。
14)根据权利要求12所述的分配阀,其特征在于阀处于关闭状态下,连接外套(7)有一个大致呈T形的纵向截面。
15)根据上述权利要求12所述的分配阀,其特征在于阀处于关闭状态下,该阀有一个帽形侧的正面形状。
16)一种用于分配流体成品的分配包装,有一个带有一自动密封分配阀且安装在阀内的容器(2),上述分配阀属于一流体成品容器,而容器中带排放孔,一个密封该容器的排放孔周围而构成的一个边缘阀法兰,一个具有一个边缘肋,内侧壁和外侧壁以及一个在其间伸出孔的阀头,随着传入一定的排放压力卸掉后,关闭该孔,切断该孔流出的流体;一个具有弹性挠曲结构的连接外套,其一端与所述阀法兰连结,而其相对一端与其相邻边缘肋的阀头连结,其特征在于当加到阀头的压力使阀头从其停靠位置向外移动,在该移动中,连接外套有双重翻过来的滚动外缘,该滚动外缘在连结外套处于完全展开形状时在阀头端部沿着连接外套滚动,其中,力通过连接外套施加到阀头时,孔(6)是关闭的,当压力超过一定的排放压力时,使双重翻过来的外缘不滚动,这时孔打开。
17)根据权利要求16所述的一种分配包装,其特征在于它包括一个正向关闭装置(70,71)以防止在运输时不留意的排放。
18)根据权利要求16或17所述的一种分配包装,其特征在于阀处于全关闭和全缩回位置,阀头(5)有一凹形并适于使孔(6)容易地向内打开以允许把空气吸回到容器的内部。
19)根据权利要求16或17所述的一种分配包装,其特征在于容器(2)有一个底分配的容器(2)。
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C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
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Expiration termination date: 20121205 Granted publication date: 19980107 |