CN1100949C - 球节 - Google Patents

球节 Download PDF

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CN1100949C
CN1100949C CN98126947A CN98126947A CN1100949C CN 1100949 C CN1100949 C CN 1100949C CN 98126947 A CN98126947 A CN 98126947A CN 98126947 A CN98126947 A CN 98126947A CN 1100949 C CN1100949 C CN 1100949C
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ball
joint
axle
shock absorber
elastic deformation
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CN1223345A (zh
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W·克雷纳
K·布劳克
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ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0652—Construction or details of the socket member combined with a damper other than elastic linings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/005—Ball joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/04—Buffer means for limiting movement of arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/16—Arrangement of linkage connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0642—Special features of the plug or cover on the blind end of the socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/148—Mounting of suspension arms on the unsprung part of the vehicle, e.g. wheel knuckle or rigid axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416—Ball or spherical joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32721—Elastomeric seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32803—Separable socket sections

Abstract

特别用于汽车行走机构悬挂或汽车转向的球节，它具有球节体、从一侧封闭球节体的球节盖和借助球形支承面可转动偏转地支承在至少一个轴衬中的球节轴，轴衬位置不变地固定在球节体中，其中在背向球节轴(1)的球节体(3)的外侧设置了弹性缓冲件(6)。

Description

球节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车转向用或汽车行走机构悬挂用球节，它具有球节体、从一侧封闭球节体的球节盖和借助球形支承面可转动转向地支承在至少一个轴衬中的球节轴，轴衬位置不变地固定在球节体中。
背景技术
这类球节的原理在现有技术中是公知的，例如它在汽车转向时被用作转向横拉杆接头。此外，它被用于行走机构技术领域。根据其结构，首先能在径向加载方向上承受作用力地使用球节。这种球节经不起轴向载荷且特别是脉动冲击载荷，这决定了它的安装方式。这类冲击载荷会通过由此在球节内产生的高摩擦力矩而损坏球形支承面，而受损的球节会影响有关汽车的行驶状态和行驶安全性。
引起巨大的轴向脉动载荷的原因有很多。首先，由维修范围内的不规范装配如在维修时通过锤击使球节装入所希望的位置引起了所述的轴向脉动载荷。此外，在空间狭窄的装配现状情况下，由于如在相邻底架部完全弹动时对球节体的冲击可能会产生轴向脉动载荷。因轴向载荷而损坏的球节需要更换，这就增加了有关汽车的维修费用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改进上述类型的球节，除了出现于径向主负载方向上的载荷外，异常的轴向脉动载荷不会造成球节的损坏和由此带来的麻烦。此外，承受巨大的轴向载荷而不会产生随后损坏地将这类球节装配到汽车上，这在汽车保养方面简化了特别是进行维修活动时的操作。
本发明目的的技术解决方案在于这种用于汽车行走机构悬挂或汽车转向的球节，它具有球节体、从一侧封闭球节体的球节盖和借助球形支承面可转动偏转地支承在至少一个轴衬中的球节轴，轴衬位置不变地固定在球节体中，其中，在背向球节轴的球节体的外侧设置了弹性缓冲件。
为了实现上述目的，按照所述的技术构思如此设计球节结构，即在背向球节轴的球节体的外侧设置弹性缓冲件。另一技术解决方案规定了在球节轴的支承面的端区域的轴衬上设置弹性变形区。
特别是当出现高轴向载荷时，由本发明的技术构思的组合方案提供了防止了本发明的球节发生损坏。
本发明的弹性缓冲件和设置在球节内部的变形区，通过选择相应的尺寸会吸收所有的轴向载荷而不会损坏敏感的轴衬。在这里，通过冲击脉冲使球节接合实现了汽车无损坏的最终安装，由此简化了维修。此外，本发明的球节通过功能组合的特殊结构实现止动作用，由于零件少而减少了费用和重量。从本发明减少了在汽车底架使用非弹性物质的重量的观点出发，减轻重量是非常有利的。
与公开的结构解决方案有关的本发明球节的特殊结构由从属权利要求特征给出。
特别有益的是，弹性缓冲件的背向球节体的自由端具有基本呈半球形的结构。在这种情况下，从生产技术角度出发，缓冲件由生橡胶或纤维素材料制成是非常值得推荐的。
还被证明是适当的是，弹性变形区至少具有一个围绕球形支承面的径向弹簧片，它在背向球节轴的轴区域的支承面的上端抵靠在其上。
另一个特别设计方案是，弹性变形区在背向球节轴的轴区域的支承面的上端的整个面抵靠在其上，变形区由生橡胶制成。可以价廉物美地作为结构件生产出这种结构。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施例，弹性变形区具有多个优选在圆周上均匀分布的弹簧片。
下面参照附图对本发明的实施例进行描述。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明球节的断面图，
图2示出了图1的球节轴衬的放大图，
图3示出了本发明球节的另一个变型方案的断面图，
图4示出了本发明球节的第三实施例的断面图，
具体实施方式
球节通常包括一具有与其相连的球节头2的球节轴1，球节头2可转动偏转地支承在球节体3的凹窝中，在球节头2和球节体3之间装有轴衬4，轴衬4的部分内侧围住球节头2，即它与球节头2配合。在远离球节轴1的球节体上侧设有一个装配口，它在装入球节轴1和轴衬4后通过球节盖5被封住。在球节盖5的外侧设置弹性缓冲件6，它具有半球形结构且优选由生橡胶或纤维素材料制成。球节盖5朝着壳体外侧呈向外的拱形，由此在壳体内形成了润滑剂储备腔，同时球节盖的拱形结构支承着从上附加作用于缓冲件上的轴向且特别是脉冲载荷。
如图1所示，本发明的球节具有辅助弹性变形区7，该变形区7位于远离球节轴1的轴侧端的轴衬的端区域，邻近球节盖5的下方。
图2示出了弹性变形区7的结构，在该放大图中示出了轴衬4的细节，轴衬4优选由塑料如POM制成，在其内侧具有半球形支承面11。在轴衬4和球节头2之间的主要承受径向力的接触面区域内，轴衬具有许多对称分布在外周上的润滑剂槽8。弹性变形区7位于承受径向力区域的上方。在本实施例中，它具有许多对称分布于外周上的弹簧片9，各弹簧片9之间的各窄间槽10的尺寸是这样确定的，即在缓冲件6不单独承受轴向较高脉冲载荷时，弹簧片9可产生弹性变形。轴向力经缓冲件6和球节盖5直接被传到轴衬4的上区域。在较高的轴向载荷下，各弹簧片沿箭头P方向移动，这造成间槽10变小，缓冲件6和变形区7的结合确保了可以承受轴向高脉冲载荷而不会被损坏轴衬。
当然可以想象到的是，在相应选择轴衬材料时，本实施例所示的各弹簧片9也可被设计成环行弹簧片。
图2a补充示出了将图2旋转90度得到的轴衬细节。从该图中可以看到球节盖侧轴衬。
在图3中示出了本发明球节的变型实施方案，其中球节体3由一侧封闭的罐形体构成，与图1的实施例不同的是，球节从朝向球节轴1的球节体侧装入，在球节头2和球节体3之间与图1所示相似地设有轴衬4，在将轴衬4和球节轴1装入球节体3上的开口后，借助闭锁环12将球节头2固定到球节体3中。在该实施例中，轴衬4没有弹性变形区，在球节轴纵轴上产生的轴向脉冲力单独由背离球节轴上侧的缓冲件6承受。缓冲件6与图2所示相似地具有半球形结构，它由生橡胶或纤维素材料制成。缓冲件6和球节体3之间的连接通过中间件13实现，它通过硫化工艺与缓冲件6相连，再通过弯边工艺固定到球节体3上。待承受的轴向力直接通过缓冲件6和中间件13作用到球节体3上。图3所示结构的优点在于，只需要在球节体一侧进行机械加工。同时，球节体3内腔的密封通过承受脉冲力的锁定环12而被解除。图4示出了本发明的结构，它基本与图1所示实施例相同。在球节盖5的外侧缓冲件6的位置与第一实施例近似，而球节体3内的弹性变形区与图1的实施例不同地由橡胶成型件15构成，该橡胶成型件的内侧与球节头2外轮廓配合，轴衬4与橡胶成型件的朝向球节轴1的下侧连接，该轴衬4由比橡胶成型件硬的材料制成以承接径向力。

Claims (10)

1.用于汽车行走机构悬挂或汽车转向的球节，它具有球节体、从一侧封闭球节体的球节盖和借助球形支承面可转动偏转地支承在至少一个轴衬中的球节轴，轴衬位置不变地固定在球节体中，其特征在于，在背向球节轴(1)的球节体(3)的外侧设置了弹性缓冲件(6)。
2.如权利要求1的球节，其特征在于，在球节轴(1)的支承面(11)的端区域中的轴衬(4)具有弹性变形区(7)。
3.如权利要求1或2的球节，其特征在于，背向球节体(3)的缓冲件(6)自由端具有基本呈半球形的结构。
4.如权利要求1或2的球节，其特征在于，缓冲件(6)由生橡胶制成。
5.如权利要求1或2的球节，其特征在于，缓冲件(6)由纤维素材料制成。
6.如权利要求2的球节，其特征在于，弹性变形区(7)在背向球节轴(1)销轴区域的支承面(11)的上端全面抵靠在其上，变形区(7)由生橡胶制成。
7.如权利要求2的球节，其特征在于，弹性变形区(7)至少具有一个弹簧片(9)，它在背向球节轴(1)销轴区域的支承面(11)的上端整个面抵靠在其上。
8.如权利要求7的球节，其特征在于，弹性变形区(7)具有多个优选均匀分布于外周上的弹簧片(9)。
9.如权利要求3的球节，其特征在于，缓冲件(6)由生橡胶制成。
10.如权利要求3的球节，其特征在于，缓冲件(6)由纤维素材料制成。
CN98126947A 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 球节 Expired - Fee Related CN1100949C (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19756756.8 1997-12-19
DE19756756A DE19756756C1 (de) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Kugelgelenk

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CN1223345A CN1223345A (zh) 1999-07-21
CN1100949C true CN1100949C (zh) 2003-02-05

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JP (1) JP4298831B2 (zh)
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BR (1) BR9805415A (zh)
DE (1) DE19756756C1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1019244A1 (zh)

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US6302615B1 (en) 2001-10-16
JPH11247838A (ja) 1999-09-14
BR9805415A (pt) 1999-11-03
CN1223345A (zh) 1999-07-21
HK1019244A1 (en) 2000-01-28
DE19756756C1 (de) 1999-07-29
JP4298831B2 (ja) 2009-07-22

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