CN1434925A - 个人位置检测系统 - Google Patents

个人位置检测系统 Download PDF

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CN1434925A
CN1434925A CN01807215A CN01807215A CN1434925A CN 1434925 A CN1434925 A CN 1434925A CN 01807215 A CN01807215 A CN 01807215A CN 01807215 A CN01807215 A CN 01807215A CN 1434925 A CN1434925 A CN 1434925A
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central station
locator unit
unit
signal
locator
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蒂莫西·J·内尔
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S19/16—Anti-theft; Abduction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
    • G01S19/235—Calibration of receiver components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/34—Power consumption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/006—Alarm destination chosen according to type of event, e.g. in case of fire phone the fire service, in case of medical emergency phone the ambulance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/016—Personal emergency signalling and security systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S2205/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S2205/001—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S2205/006—Transmission of position information to remote stations for emergency situations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S2205/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S2205/001—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S2205/008—Transmission of position information to remote stations using a mobile telephone network

Abstract

一种用于确定定位器单元位置的个人定位系统。本系统包括一个定位装置(18)，它与中心站(16)和GPS卫星(14)都通信。定位器单元包括便携式的可以戴在用户手腕上的壳体。壳体中放置了一套通信系统用于与中心站联络，它包括发射机和接收机。壳体中也放置了一套GPS单元用于与GPS系统联络以确定所述定位装置的位置。在由接收机从中心站接收到定位请求信号之后，定位器单元紧接着将位置数据发送给中心站用于分析。设有紧急按钮，用于向中心站传送紧急信号(26)并引发针对定位器单元位置的检测。还设有非紧急呼叫按钮，用于向中心站传送定位请求信号，另外，响应该信号，中心站向联系表中的人(22)通知定位装置所在的位置。通信系统可以使用POTS、蜂窝电话、PCS或者互联网通信系统之一。当所述装置受到侵扰时，侵扰检测传感器进行检测。信标发生器产生超声波信号或者射频信号，用于帮助人精确确定该装置的位置。

Description

个人位置检测系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种定位系统，更具体地，涉及一种能够对携带便携式定位器单元18的用户进行定位和跟踪的系统，所述定位器单元使用多种定位技术，包括全球定位卫星(GPS)系统和产生一个信标用于精确地确定定位器单元位置从而确定用户位置。
发明内容
本发明包括一种个人定位系统，用于确定由本发明中所公布的定位器单元的位置。本系统包括定位装置，它与中心站和GPS卫星双方都通信。定位器单元包括便携式的可以戴在用户手腕上的壳体。壳体中放置了一套通信系统用于与中心站联络，它包括发射机和接收机。壳体中也放置了一套GPS单元用于与GPS系统联络以确定所述定位装置的位置。在由接收机接收到来自中心站的定位请求信号之后，定位器单元启动GPS单元同GPS系统联络，并由此计算位置数据。在完成位置数据计算后，定位器单元将位置数据发送给中心站用于分析。设有紧急按钮用于向中心站传送紧急信号并引发针对定位器单元位置的检测。一个非紧急呼叫按钮用于向中心站传送定位请求信号，另外，响应该信号，中心站向联系表中的人通知定位装置所在的位置。通信系统使用POTS、蜂窝电话、PCS或者互联网通信系统中的一种。当所述装置受到侵扰时，侵扰检测传感器进行检测。信标发生器产生一个超音频或射频信号用于帮助人精确确定该装置的位置。
附图简述
参考附图进行考虑时，会更加完全地认同本发明的各种其他目标，特性以及所带来的好处，同时也更易于理解，附图中类似的文字说明从几个角度指明了相同或者类似的部分。
图1是本发明的用于监视儿童位置的个人位置检测系统的俯视透视图。
图2是戴在用户手腕上的本发明的个人位置检测系统中的便携式定位器单元18的正面透视图。
图3是本发明的个人位置检测系统中的便携式定位器单元18的侧面透视图。
图4的框图示出本发明的个人位置检测系统的便携式定位器单元18的内部部件。
图5为流程图，示出本发明的个人位置检测系统的不同的操作模式；和
图6是本发明的个人位置检测系统的透视图。
在各种图中所使用的参考编号定义如下：
10  本发明的全球定位和跟踪系统
12  中心监视站
14  跟踪卫星
16  本地发射/接收单元
18  便携式定位器单元
20  儿童所戴的跟踪装置
22  儿童监护人
24  指示中心站和中继站之间传送的线
25  参照GPS接收站
26  指示中继站和定位器单元之间传送的线
30  指示位置信号从卫星传送到定位器单元的线
32  戴有便携式定位器单元的用户的手腕
34  便携式定位器单元光滑的外表面
36  显示器
38  定位器单元的面板
40  时钟
42  紧急按钮
44  非紧急定位按钮
46  传送模式按钮
48  栓锁机构
50  加锁/开锁按钮
51  钥匙链接口
52  耳机接口
54  处理器
56  电源
58  电源传感器
60  存储器
62  接收机
64  发射机
66  麦克风
68  扬声器
70  GPS发射/接收机
72  信标
74  钥匙链
76  侵扰传感器
78  用户
80  PSTN/蜂窝电话通信链路
82  互联网连接
84  公共服务电话网
86  PCS塔
优选实施例
现在参照附图进行说明，图中类似的参考文字从几个角度标识类似的要素，图1到图6主要描述了本发明中由标号10所标示的全球定位和跟踪系统。
图1中示出全球定位和跟踪系统，包括中心监视站12，跟踪卫星14，本地中继站16和便携式定位器单元18。中心监视站12可以通过联系便携式定位器单元18并接收由便携式定位器单元18所产生的信号来监视启动了的便携式定位器单元18的运动。
便携式定位器单元18是抗侵扰并且可检测的便携式单元，它可以被松开地附着在私人财产上或者个人身上，譬如图1所描述的儿童20。图中的儿童20被监护人22所看管。中心监视站12通过公共通信网络，诸如POTS，蜂窝移动电话，PCS或者互联网，与便携式定位器单元18通信。系统10的主要目的是渐进地使用更精确的用于定位便携式定位器单元18携带者的技术方法对佩戴者进行定位。这些技术包括从可以将便携式定位器单元18定位于1-10平方英里区域内的无线基站标识符(ID)定位技术，到可以使用无线互联网作为通信媒介将便携式定位器单元18的佩戴者定位到5米之内的GPS(全球定位卫星)系统的范围。由便携式定位器单元18生成的音频或射频信标便于最终接近希望的人或物。
为了提供包括寻呼功能的有效定位服务，本发明的系统10包括一组诸如SMS/QNC会话之类的客户机-服务器协议。佩戴便携式定位器单元18的人通过按下如图2所示的紧急按钮42，将紧急呼叫发送给中心站12。如后面所要讨论的那样，侵扰检测传感器在检测到对便携式定位器单元18的侵扰时也可以开始一个紧急呼叫。佩戴便携式定位器单元18的人通过启动如图2所示的非紧急按钮44，将非紧急呼叫发送给中心站12。本例中，中心站12将用户的所在之处通知给联系表中指定的监护人。如果电池电力有限，用节能操作模式有效和灵活地对便携式定位器单元18进行跟踪。通过一个经授权的钥匙链或者通过提供最大限度安全性和可用性的无线网络中心站12，可以对便携式定位器单元18进行加锁和开锁机构以及暂停操作(譬如，乘坐飞机旅行)控制。系统10执行上述任务的操作将在后面描述。
在正常工作模式下，便携式定位器单元18中用于同GPS卫星14进行通信的GPS单元一般被关闭，用于同中心站12通信的系统被置于类似于蜂窝电话/PCS电话系统的监听模式。当中心站接收到来自某个用户对特定的便携式定位器单元18的定位请求呼叫时，中心站12开始同该便携式定位器单元18的通信。中心站12通过将信号中继到便携式定位器单元18的本地发射/接收站16，使用无线通信信道与便携式定位器单元18联系。由中心站12传送给本地发射/接收站16的信号由标号为24的箭头所指示。由本地发射/接收站16传送给便携式定位器单元18的信号由标号为26的箭头所指示。通过这个通信信道，中心站12提供指令告诉如何将位置信息报告回中心站。从中心站12接收到的指令可以包括帮助信息，它们由GPS单元使用以更迅速地获得位置信息。收到来自中心站12的指令后，跟踪装置18结束同中心站12的通信，并接通其中的GPS单元。不论有还是没有来自中心站12的帮助信息(诸如时间，频率和天体位置表)，GPS单元都计算位置数据。此时便携式定位器单元18与中心站12建立了无线通信链路，并且向中心站12提供编号为26和24的箭头所指示的位置信息。便携式定位器单元18也产生一个编号为31标示的弧线所指出的信标。信标是一个音频信号或者射频信号，当在近距离范围使用时它帮助对用户进行定位。
图2和图3示出了便携式定位器单元18的一个示例性的实施例。典型地，便携式定位器单元18被佩戴在用户手腕上，类似于手镯或者手表。优选地，便携式定位器单元18由不可切割的材料制成，以便它在没有正确的开锁机构的情况下难于或者不可能被折除。因而，对于儿童、监外服劳役或假释的罪犯或囚犯，需要医护的老年公民，个人财产或者甚至诸如在危险地区移动的徒步旅行者或登山者，不需要担心他们的位置跟踪，因为可以使用便携式定位器单元18。便携式定位器单元18其中包括有光滑纹理的外表面34和在其面侧38上的显示器36。显示器36包括用于指示日期时间的时钟40。定位器单元18有一个用于显示的内部时钟。定位器单元18中的PCS单元向PCS塔登录时，时间被设置。需要时该单元自动显示实行夏时制地区的正确的时间，显示的时间非常精确，可能精确到世界时间的一秒以内，但对于该单元的GPS部分，精度仍然不够。标记41也位于显示器36之上，用于指示便携式定位器单元18是否对用户手腕32处于锁定状态。也可以显示额外的标记，用于指示定位器单元18的操作模式，诸如当定位器单元18处于后面将要讨论的空中模式。便携式定位器单元18上设有紧急按钮42。启动紧急按钮42将开始同中心站12的通信，由此指示存在的紧急状态信号被便携式定位器单元18所传送。响应接收到的紧急信号，中心站12开始对便携式定位器单元18的定位过程并在确定位置后通告适当救急。非紧急按钮44也位于便携式定位器单元18的面侧38。启动非紧急位置按钮44联系中心站12以对便携式定位器单元18进行定位。在对便携式定位器单元18进行定位后，中心站紧接着同预先确定的一方进行联络，向其通告便携式定位器单元18的位置。便携式定位器单元18设有空中模式按钮。空中模式按钮可以将跟踪装置18关闭一段预先确定的时间。当进入禁止使用蜂窝电话的区域时，诸如飞机上，这种模式很有用。
图3示出便携式定位器单元18的侧视图，图中示出栓锁机构48、加锁按钮50、用于钥匙链的接口51和用于插入耳机的接口52。通过将栓锁机构栓住，并按钥匙链上的加锁按钮50，将钥匙链连接到便携式定位器单元18，便携式定位器单元18对于佩戴者是安全的(加锁)。便携式定位器单元18也可以通过来自中心站12的指令锁住。通过向便携式定位器单元18加载1E22不同密码中之一，钥匙链上的加锁/开锁按钮启动一个电子机械装置，指令它栓死，以防止便携式定位器单元18被解锁或者拆除。在通过按钮50或者钥匙链启动该锁后，加锁图标41紧接着出现在显示器36上。当便携式定位器单元18与中心站通信时，指示加锁/开锁状态的数据包含在数据包中。便携式定位器单元18也可以附着(不上锁)在用户身上，简单地栓上栓锁机构48并忽略加锁过程。一旦栓被锁上，它只能被授权的钥匙链解开。当便携式定位器单元18解锁后，加锁图标将从显示器36上消失，便携式定位器单元18可以被解锁和拆除。为了最小化便携式定位器单元18的电源消耗，优选实施例使用IS95B PCS在便携式定位器单元18和中心站12之间进行通信。图3描述了一个示例性的锁定机构48。但是锁定机构48也可以由各种可能的锁定机构提供，诸如密钥，组合锁，电子锁等等，一旦便携式定位器单元18被附着在人或者物体上，锁定机构48就可以防止它被解除。
图4显示了描述定位器单元18内部部件的框图。处理器54位于定位器单元18内并控制其操作。内装电源56连接到处理器54并为定位器单元18提供电力。电池传感器58连接在处理器54和电源56之间。电池传感器检测电源的电力，并向处理器54提供电池电源信号。处理器54因而可以确定何时电力变低，并相应地进行操作。设有存储器60，用于存储处理器54处理的数据和处理器54用来操作定位器单元18所使用的程序。设有接收机62，用于接收来从中心站12的无线发送的信号，并且设有发射机64，向中心站12发送信号。接收机62和发射机64都被连接到处理器54并且都受其控制。还设有麦克风66和扬声器68以通过中心站12建立语音通信。或者，麦克风或扬声器可包含在通过耳机孔52连接到定位器单元18的头戴式送话器中。麦克风66也可以接收来自用户的语音通信并使用发射机通过中心站12将音频信号传送给另一方。接收机62可以接收来自中心站12的音频信号以通过扬声器68播放。
为了确定定位器单元18的位置，设有GPS接收机70，用于同GPS卫星联系。位置信息被提供给处理器54，最终到达中心站12。当处于邻近范围时，信标发生器72产生一个音频或射频信标以帮助对用户进行定位。如果出于营救或者任何其他原因需要物理接触，信标发生器72可以被赋能用于最终接近佩戴者。总的来说，GPS系统没有足够的分辨率来对建筑物内或者有视力障碍的区域内的佩戴者进行精确定位。信标72使用声音或者射频装置提供了一种最终接近的手段。钥匙链提供确保用户手腕上的定位器单元18的安全的附加手段。钥匙链还提供一种机构用于在定位器单元18内部进行充电。当定位器单元18受到侵扰或者被切断时，侵扰传感器76进行检测，并向处理器54发送信号。处理器54然后生成一个紧急信号，信号被传送给中心站12。中心站12开始一个与定位器单元18的通信以对定位器单元18进行定位。紧急按钮42和非紧急呼叫按钮44被连接到处理器54以在启动后开始与中心站的通信。显示器36也被连接到处理器54。处理器54控制可在显示器36观看的图标和时钟。
现在参考附图特别是图5和图6说明个人位置检测系统10的工作。工作时，个人位置检测系统10被用于检测固定了便携式定位器单元18的人或者物体的位置。图6显示了基于定位系统10的PCS网络的例子。定位器单元18包括GPS单元70，PCS通信系统62、64和处理器54。通信系统86中包括处理器，用于分析由通信系统62、64中的接收机所接收的信号。当用户78，在儿童走失的情况下一般是监护人，正常地通过普通电话(PSTN)、无线话80或者互联网连接82开始定位过程。中心站的操作员接收到该请求，并开始一个同定位器单元18建立的呼叫。用户20也可以开始一个通过按紧急按钮42或者非紧急呼叫按钮44而建立的呼叫。在后一种情况下，定位器单元18联系中心站12，系统按照类似于用户联系中心站12时的方式进行操作。
通信系统62、64持续地监视系统的完整性，包括但不限于电池和侵扰检测器状态。对于控制站12，通信系统62、64用作服务器，在接收到来自控制站12的请求后建立通信连接。来自控制站12的请求通过公共服务电话网络(PSTN)或者蜂窝移动电话80并被定位器单元18中的通信系统62、64的接收机所接收用于日通信系统86进行分析。然后定位器单元18响应该请求并通过通信系统62、64的传送器传送应答信号。在优选实施例中，使用SMS Internet(TCP/IP)会话以提供最大的互操作性。当事件计数器触发通信系统62、64时，通信系统62、64起控制站12的客户的作用，并建立全双工的通信链路。在本发明的优选实施例中，使用基于QNC会话的TCP/IP，用于中心站12和定位器单元18之间的全双工通信。通信系统62、64同外部装置钥匙链74接口，用于安全加锁/开锁和电池充电操作。
在图上GPS单元70使用来自GPS卫星14的信号执行定位操作。通常，GPS单元处于电源切断模式，响应来自中心站12的指令，或者在启动紧急按钮42或者非紧急呼叫按钮44后，GPS单元立即接通，受处理器54启动之后，立即开始定位的过程。GPS单元70可以使用来自中心站12的帮助信息以改善性能。这种帮助信息包括但不限于定位器单元18的大致位置、年历、天体位置表、频率偏移、多普勒效应、基准时间等等。GPS单元70使用GPS卫星14向处理器54提供经过计算的位置数据。处理器54向中心站12开始一个呼叫并向中心站12提供位置数据用于分析。中心站12因而能够将定位器单元18的位置确定在一个合理的范围之内。如果需要，处理器54然后启动信标发生器72产生一个音频或射频信号，即使在由于受障碍的环境而无法建立GPS或者无线通信连接的地方，这种方式也允许能够最终接近所希望的目标。
图5为状态图，示出系统用于获得定位器单元18位置的不同操作模式。最初，定位器单元18处于监视模式。在监视模式期间，定位器单元18监视到达的来自中心站的信号。在接收到用户或者来自定位器单元18响应紧急按钮42和非紧急呼叫按钮44的启动发出的信号之后，中心站12向请求获得与中心站12联系的定位器单元18位置的便携式定位器单元18发送SMS(短信息服务)信息。然后定位器单元18开始一个QNC(快速网络连接)互联网会话，将它连接到中心站12。这时，定位器单元18进入发射时间模式。在发射时间模式中，中心站12请求定位器单元18标识它的位置。当定位器单元18被连接到中心站12，帮助GPS装置70定位卫星12的所需要的信息被上传到定位器单元18。定位装置18也有直接从GPS卫星14获取所需信息的能力，但这仅仅作为最后可供选择的手段使用。定位器单元18自己解除同中心站12的连接，并开始获取它的位置的过程。平时总是处于关闭状态的GPS70被打开，精确的时间由PCS塔86传送到GPS70同时GPS70与PCS塔86之间进行锁相。即使在PLL并没有与PCS塔处于锁定的状态时，锁相环(PLL)中VCO(电压控制振荡器)的电压信息也被用于作为GPS的帮助信息。所有可以获得的帮助信息然后从通信系统发送到GPS单元70，这样定位器单元18可以使用它来定位它的位置。在GPS单元70识别了定位器单元18的位置之后，位置信息被传送到处理器54并且GPS单元70被关闭。PCS处理器开始另一个QNC会话。在此通信期间，中心站12从定位器单元18中下载所有位置信息，并关闭会话。现在中心站12知道定位器单元18的位置并能够通过互联网或者普通客户可以理解的常规通信方式将这些数据转换为坐标信息。然后定位器单元18返回到监视模式等待来自控制站12的下一个信号。中心站12使用从便携式定位器单元18接收到的位置数据并将其转换为包括路标的地理数据，这可以用电话发送给用户或者给互联网用户显示地图。
可以对定位器单元18编程，让佩戴者能够开始一个紧急定位会话。当用户启动紧急按钮42时，定位器单元18同中心站12联系，指示需要采取紧急行动。紧急(报警)按钮42将状态从监视模式转换到发射时间模式，并且建立互联网连接。中心站12注意到该紧急联络并开始上述的定位过程。当最终的位置信息被接收到后，来自中心站12的初始信息包括用于指示适于连接到紧急会话的PSATs(公共服务应答点)的基站识别信息。如果定位器单元18在适当的时间内没有响应，PSAP被告知紧急请求没有响应。然后发射时间模式如上讨论的那样继续进行。
非紧急状态呼叫也可能通过用户在启动非紧急呼叫按钮44后开始。随后的过程类似于紧急按钮42被启动后的情况。当非紧急按钮44被启动时，中心站12将这个非紧急状况信息转发给优先联系列表中的联系人。更优选地，这个列表在注册期间被提供给中心站12，能够在没有PSAT911紧急呼叫中心参与情况下与监护人进行联系。
图5也示出了寻呼机模式。如果用户选择它，便携式定位器单元18有供选的寻呼功能，用于将SMS信息显示在显示器36上。在这种情况下，从来中心站12收到适当的SMS消息之后，监视模式切换到寻呼机模式。该单元有可见的诸如乐符以及声响等提示，用于通知佩戴者已经收到一条消息。然后便携式定位器单元18将接收到的传呼消息显示在显示器36上。
可选地，定位器单元18能够与插入在耳机插口52中的耳机/送话器进行有线通信或短距离无线通信，以便于用作PCS电话的蜂窝通信。由于没有键盘，佩戴者应当开始把定位器单元18连接到中心站12计算机的互联网会话。中心站12的计算机有语音识别软件，当接到提示时，它开始一个呼叫转发到用户请求的任何地方。在电话通信期间，定位器单元18应当处于发射时间模式。
为了符合FCC的在空中旅行时蜂窝电话必须关闭的要求，通过使用一个授权的钥匙链46将蜂窝电话的电路关闭一个由用户设定的特定的时期(1到24小时)，临时地关闭定位器单元18。在时间到期后，定位器单元18自动打开并在低耗电模式下等待呼入。显示指出定位器单元18处于乘机模式的图标，以及到重新启动前所剩余的时间。如果愿意，通过重新连接钥匙链，可以增加额外的时间(或者被设置为0)。
钥匙链74被用于对用户手腕上的定位器单元18开锁和上锁。钥匙链也包含充电电路，当通过电源变压器连接到室内电压上时，(同一个插孔也被用于对定位器单元18开锁)，它将对定位器单元18进行充电。任何钥匙链都可以对定位器单元18充电，但只有授权的钥匙链可以开锁或者启动乘机模式。如果要长期外出，其他钥匙链也可以被加入作为授权的或者非授权的仅仅供佩戴者使用的充电钥匙链。使用钥匙链汽车充电器也可以用于在旅行时进行充电。还对每个定位器单元18编程以允许最多使用预定义数目的钥匙链。单个钥匙链可以无限制地打开与编程时的数量一样多的定位器单元18。如果电池被耗尽得低到无法开锁时，钥匙链和变压器(电池充电器)可以被用做对定位器单元18解锁的备用方法。额外的钥匙链可以经中心站12用无线启动处理被授权给该单元。
显示器有显示时间，日期，寻呼号，寻呼数据的能力。而且，不同的图标显示定位器单元18的状态或者当前操作模式，诸如天线信号强度、锁指示器、寻呼提示音响模式、乘机模式、电池充电电平指示器，等等。
定位器单元18具有侵扰和切割检测电路76，它启动一个自动开始的紧急会话，对会话进行检测将指出侵扰原因。如果定位器单元18在没有被佩戴的情况下受到侵扰，它一被锁在佩戴者之上就立即发出告警信号。
图6中的数字25指示的中心站从全国范围的卫星14上下载天体位置表数据以在需要时发送给定位器单元18。天体位置表对于时间灵敏并且不断地变化。因此这些数据需要在中心站12持续地刷新，以便可以在所有时间都有效。
定位器单元18的CDMA处理器54相对于定位器单元18的GPS起到薄型服务器的作用。由于电源56的可获得的电力有限，当没有找到卫星时，GPS被关闭。当打开时，GPS经过一个电源启动的例程，并且，因为GPS的晶振还没有足够预热，漂移使得它不适合用于寻找卫星。本发明的系统将GPS的频率与PCS频率进行同步。即使他们有不同的频率，它仍然是一致的。可以将锁相频率错误编程到GPS软件中以加速频率搜索算法。时间精确性也要求高于移动单元中所能提供的精度。所需的GPS时间精度被从PCS塔22传送。由于送PCS塔22和定位器单元18之间的距离的可变性，这可能有最高100us(微秒)的错误。然后计算3-sigma点，将时间错误和该精度作为种子时间，用于开始搜索从塔传来的变化。因为首次固定的时间是最重要的，我们没有使用GPS从卫星14下载天体位置表作为主要手段(仅仅当不能从PCS塔获得时作为后备)。与中心站12的PCS电话通信包括与塔22位置相联系的基站标识号，使中心站12能够仅仅选择对定位器单元18可见的卫星14用于下一个天体位置表周期。当一个特定卫星14的天体位置表成为无效时，GPS也知道，并且将从搜索串中消除它。
从以上描述可以看出，通过提供对不论在敌对还是在友善非敌对环境中的失踪人员都能进行跟踪的个人位置检测系统，使用全球定位卫星(GPS)系统用有限的电池电源确定用户的位置，本发明的个人位置检测系统能够克服现有技术装置的缺点。个人位置检测系统包括一个便携式定位装置，该装置包括用于无线连接到通信网络和GPS系统，并通过通信网络把由GPS系统确定的位置信息中继到中心站的通信装置。便携定位器单元18能够产生音频或射频信标，用于帮助紧急处理人员精确定位用户的位置，并向中心站开始一个紧急呼叫，从而响应该呼叫，中心站将联系指定的人员以将关于用户的位置和状况通知给他。便携定位器单元18还能够向中心站开始一个紧急呼叫，使中心站联系指定的人并使用定位器单元经过中心站向另一方开始一个语音呼叫。而且，本发明的个人位置检测系统简单且易于使用，并且制造成本经济。

Claims (21)

1.一种个人定位装置，包括：
a)可以佩戴在用户手腕上的便携式壳体；
b)用于与中心站建立无线通信的装置，所述的建立装置包括无线发射机和无线接收机；
c)全球定位卫星系统联系装置，用于确定所述定位装置所在位置，其中，所述无线接收机接收到来自中心站的定位请求信号后，所述定位器单元启动所述联系装置以与GPS系统进行联络，并计算位置数据，并且在完成位置数据计算之后，所述无线发射机发送所述位置数据到中心站用于分析；以及
d)用于控制GPS单元和通信发射机的电力以最大化电池寿命的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括紧急按钮，用于在用户遇到紧急情况的时候给中心站发送紧急信号，中心站响应收到的紧急信号，将位置响应信号发送回所述装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括非紧急呼叫按钮，用于在用户启动该按钮后给中心站发送定位请求信号，中心站响应收到的非紧急信号，将位置响应信号发送回给所述装置。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，中心站为每个定位装置存储一个联系列表，在接收到位置数据后，对用户启动非紧急呼叫按钮的响应，中心站向联系列表中的人通告定位装置所在的位置。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述联系建立装置使用POTS、蜂窝电话、PCS或者互联网通信网络。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括侵扰检测传感器，用于当所述装置收到侵扰时进行检测，并启动所述发射机以向中心站发送紧急信号。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括信标发生器，用于产生一个超声波信标，以帮助人员对定位装置所在位置精确定位。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述信标发生器产生一个RF信标信号。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括电子的或机械的钥匙，用于将该装置锁在用户手腕上。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括栓锁机构，它由接收到的来自中心站的栓锁指令启动，将所述装置锁在用户手腕上。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括锁定到PCS塔的时钟和使用所述时钟锁相环的电压信息以跟踪所述PCS塔的电压控制振荡器。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：麦克风，用于接收来自用户的音频信号以通过中心站传送给另一方；和扬声器，用于播放接收到的通过中心站来自其他方的音频信号。
13.一种对人或者物体进行定位的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
a)将一个定位器单元附着在要跟踪的人或者物体上；
b)在收到来自用户的定位请求后，从中心站发送信号到请求定位器单元位置的定位器单元；
c)启动连接到定位器单元的GPS单元，以接收GPS卫星信号；
d)通过使用来自跟踪PCS塔时钟的时钟锁相环的电压信息，帮助GPS信号采集以减少首次固定的时间；
e)计算GPS信号的位置数据；
f)将位置数据发送给中心单元分析，以确定定位器单元所在位置；以及
g)将定位器单元的位置通知给用户。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：当处于近距离范围时，所述定位器单元产生信标用于帮助用户对定位器单元进行定位。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述附着步骤包括使用电子钥匙、使用机械钥匙、或者从控制站接收遥控信号中的一种，以将栓锁机构栓上。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：在定位器单元上的非紧急呼叫按钮启动后，启动定位器单元与中心站联系，并使生成位置信号请求。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：在收到从定位器单元的位置数据后，同保存在中心站的联系列表中的人员进行联系。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：在启动定位器单元上的紧急按钮后，启动定位器单元与中心站联系，并使生成位置信号请求。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：启动空中模式按钮后，暂停定位器单元的工作。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，在启动空中模式按钮后，定位器单元的操作被暂停一段预先确定的可以设置的时间。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：由中心站监视定位器单元的电源电平。
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