CN1758563A - Estimiting method of signal interference ratio of forward basic service channel in FDD mode CDMA system - Google Patents

Abstract

Two algorithms for estimating signal to jamming ratio of forward basic service channel in CDMA system of FDD mode includes the first algorithm utilizing pilot frequency combination to estimate said signal to jamming ratio as using symbol amplitude variance as interference signal power and using symbol amplitude squared value as signal power to calculate signal to jamming ratio Eb / Nt ; the second algorithm utilizing PCB ONLY method to calculate out a numbers of instantaneous signal to jamming ratios by using I, Q signal amplitude in each PCB and then counting out mean value of said ratios to obtain signal to jamming ratio of forward basic service channel .

Description

Estimiting method of signal interference ratio of forward basic service channel in the cdma system of fdd mode

Technical field:

The present invention proposes forward direction (descending) fundamental service channel signal-to-jamming ratio algorithm for estimating in the cdma system (comprising two kinds of systems of cdma2000 and UMTS) of two kinds of fdd modes, is used for realizing the interior ring and the exterior ring power control of cdma system forward direction (descending) fundamental service channel of fdd mode.The invention belongs to the mobile communication technology field.

Background technology:

The algorithm for estimating of the signal-to-jamming ratio that the present invention proposes, directly related with the power control techniques of forward direction (descending) fundamental service channel of fdd mode cdma system.

Power control techniques is the core technology of cdma system.Cdma system is one, and all mobile subscribers take same band and frequency from disturbing system, if the spreading code that system adopts is not completely orthogonal (address code of using in the real system is a nearly orthogonal), thereby cause interference each other.In a cdma system, each Code Channel all can be subjected to the interference from other Code Channel, and this interference is that disturb a kind of intrinsic inherence.

Thereby it is capacity that gross energy that it can reduce system interference as much as possible improves system that of cdma system is showing characteristics.

Adopt power control techniques, guarantee that each signal under the condition that satisfies the basic communication quality requirement, reduces transmitting power as far as possible, to reduce interference other signal.To not have unnecessary energy to be transmitted in CDMA, this is to adopt the system of other technology to be beyond one's reach usually.So power is controlled at the resource allocation in the cdma wireless spread spectrum communication system and disturbs the inhibition aspect is a key technology.

The purpose of power control is exactly to make frame error rate that travelling carriage and base station receive near a desired value, and for example for speech business, this desired value is 1%; Usually be decided to be 5% for this desired value of data service.The increase of power system capacity can make it still can satisfy the requirement of voice quality by selecting a higher target frame error rate.Higher target frame error rate means lower average transmit power, and the system that makes like this can hold more user.

In 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system), power control must be finished three tasks:

(1) overcomes near-far interference

In cellular radio Communication system, signal strength signal intensity becomes with distance and forms exponential damping greatly, and the chances are about 4 for the decline index.Different mobile stations may differ 100 times to base station distance, if transmission power of mobile station is identical, then the intensity of the unlike signal received of base station may differ 80dB, and at this moment signal at a distance can be flooded by signal nearby and can not be by the correct demodulation in base station.This is ascending power " near-far interference ".Power control can overcome channel fading, and it is even at the power at place, base station to keep each movable signal.

(2) overcome the multiple access effect, prevent that power from unrealistically comparing rising

CDMA is for disturbing system certainly, and a plurality of channels take similar frequency bands simultaneously, and any one channel all can be subjected to the channel disturbance of other different address codes, i.e. " multiple access interference ".From whole net, when system was in certain power stability point, any power ascension all can cause the rising of unrealistically comparing of other user power, thus the significantly rising that causes whole net to disturb.Power control is by adjusting channel emission power, and making the transmitting power of the whole network be in one has the smallest point or the accurate smallest point of separating, thereby reduces intrasystem interference level, reaches the purpose that improves power system capacity.

(3) provide higher QoS (Quality of Service)

Power control is a kind of optimisation technique, and the purpose of optimization is to reduce transmitting power satisfying under the condition that communication quality requires (error rate, frame error rate) as far as possible, this means each user had both been reduced power consumption, has obtained cleaner communication environment again; System capacity and stability have then been improved.

Power control will be brought into play its important function in cdma system, the design of its algorithm is necessary according to three basic norms:

(1) power-balance.The available signal power that receiving terminal is received by power control equates.For up link, target is that the power that makes each travelling carriage arrive the base station equates; For down link, target is to make each travelling carriage receive that the available signal power of base station equates.

(2) signal interference ratio balance.The signal interference ratio (C/I) that receiving terminal is received by power control equates.For up link, target is to make each move the C/I that arrives the base station to equate; To down link, target is that the useful signal C/I that makes each travelling carriage receive the base station equates.

(3) error rate (BER/FER) balance.By power control the error rate of receiving terminal is equated.To up link, target is that the error rate that makes each travelling carriage arrive the base station equates; To down link, target is that the base station useful signal error rate that each travelling carriage is received equates.

According to the transmit direction of power, power control can be divided into forward power control and reverse power control, and wherein reverse power control comprises reverse open loop and the control of back closed loop power again; Ring and exterior ring power control in closed power control is divided into again, interior ring is that index is regulated power with Eb/No, outer shroud is ring Eb/No thresholding in index is regulated with the frame error rate.

Forward power control mainly is in order to overcome the interference of outer community user and other user's downstream signal of this sub-district, the measurement result that the base station provides according to travelling carriage, adjustment is to the transmitting power of each travelling carriage, and the travelling carriage little to path fading distributes less relatively forward emitting power; To those travelling carriage distribution bigger forward emitting powers low far away with the demodulation signal interference ratio.The energy of power control at this moment is anti-interference, the compensate for channel decline, if the timely track channel change trend of energy, desirable power control will be handled at receiving terminal fading channel as additivity Gauss white noise (AWGN) channel.Method mainly contains far and near control method and signal interference ratio control method.

Reverse power control mainly solves near-far problem, each travelling carriage is adjusted transmitting power to the base station in real time by the power control instruction of base station, identical average power is all arranged when guaranteeing that all signal arrives the base station, and just reached the minimum signal interference ratio thresholding that guarantees communication quality.For this reason, system has adopted the measure that open Loop Power control and closed power control combine.

Open loop power control (OLPC) is meant the transmitting power that signal power size that travelling carriage (or base station) receives according to forward direction (or oppositely) link is regulated travelling carriage (or base station).Open loop power control is based upon up with on down link has consistent channel fading situation.Closed-loop power control (CLPC) is meant that generally base station (and travelling carriage) produces power control instruction according to the Eb/No (bit energy/disturbance spectrum density) of travelling carriage (or base station) signal that receives on forward direction (or the oppositely) link, send travelling carriage (or base station) to by forward direction (or oppositely) link then, travelling carriage (or base station) is adjusted transmitting power according to power control instruction.

Cdma system for mode of frequency division duplexing (FDD), its up link and down link correspondent frequency are spaced apart 45MHz, much larger than the coherence bandwidth of channel, therefore, the decline of up link and down link incoherent adopts open loop power control to be difficult to reach the desired control precision.It has been generally acknowledged that in the cdma system of fdd mode, the effect of open loop power control is the transmitting power when adjusting travelling carriage and initially inserting, and plays a role to remedying owing to path loss causes the variation slowly of decay simultaneously.In order to improve the power control precision, overcome Rayleigh fading comparatively fast, must adopt closed-loop power control.

The control of forward direction closed power also divides inner-loop power control (FILPC) and external circule power control (FOLPC).Inner-loop power control is meant: travelling carriage compares with Eb/No that receives and desired value, adjusts base station transmitting power.External circule power control is meant: travelling carriage is adjusted the value of setting of target Eb/No according to target forward direction frame error rate (FFER).

In the forward direction inner loop power control, for cdma2000, forward frame is that 16 PCG (power control group) of 1.25ms form by length, and for UMTS (WCDMA), forward frame is that 15 PCG of 0.667ms form by length.The Eb/No of each PCG in moving table measuring forward fundamental channel (F-FCH)/downlink traffic channel (DTCH).According to the result who measures, compares, insert a PCB (power control bit) transmission forward direction power control (FPC) order by every 1.25ms/0.667ms in Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH) and give the base station.If PCB=1, the base station increases its transmitting power; If PCB=0, the transmitting power that reduces it is used in the base station.

For realizing the closed power control of forward direction (descending) Traffic Channel, at first the signal interference ratio in forward direction (descending) Traffic Channel will be measured and calculate to travelling carriage.Then, if adopted exterior ring power control, travelling carriage is compared the signal interference ratio of measuring with the target signal interference ratio value of setting that obtains from outer shroud, if measured value is less than the Target Setting value, then require the base station to increase transmitting power, otherwise, then require the base station to reduce power.

Forward fundamental channel closed power control flow is shown in accompanying drawing one.

The signal interference ratio of this channel need be measured and calculate to travelling carriage from the qpsk modulation signal of forward direction (descending) the fundamental service channel data bit that receives.Calculating the direct method of this signal interference ratio, is average and the variance that obtains the QPSK signal by statistics, calculates the ratio of average square and variance then, as the measured value of signal interference ratio.

But, there are three problems here:

(1) for Forward Fundamental Channel, because professional sign bit is unknown, thereby the modulation product of the service symbol chip that comprises in the QPSK signal also is unknown, so be unable to estimate the average and the variance (latter is the energy of noise jamming) of service symbol bit;

(2) how the I that comprises for the QPSK signal (homophase), two components of Q (quadrature) therefrom estimate the energy of signal and noise (interference), also are problems to be solved;

(3) for cdma system, under the certain prerequisite of channel width, service transmission rate has determined spreading gain, thereby it is directly related with frame error rate.Therefore, guarantee the purpose of frame error rate in order to realize power control, the estimation of signal interference ratio requires to finish under the known prerequisite of channel speed.And in Forward Fundamental Channel, service rate is dynamic change, and this reason has also determined to use the service symbol that transmits in the Forward Fundamental Channel to calculate signal interference ratio.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of design: for addressing the above problem, thereby estimate the signal interference ratio of forward fundamental channel more exactly, the present invention proposes two kinds of algorithms of estimating the signal interference ratio of fdd mode cdma system forward direction (descending) fundamental service channel, and first kind is the pilot tone combined method, and second kind is PCB Only method.

Design:, need come estimating power along the fundamental component of given rate signal in order to estimate the signal bit ENERGY E b in the forward fundamental channel.Since in the Forward Fundamental Channel of fdd mode cdma system, except power control bit (PCBs), all bit rates all are variable, thereby PCBs is unique candidate's bit that can be used for this estimation.PCBs always at full speed rate send, therefore, the Eb/Nt (Nt represents to disturb) that utilizes PCBs to obtain can directly use, and does not need to determine thresholding according to the Eb/Nt set point.

Disturb Nt to estimate by a kind of in two kinds of following methods:

(1) variance of estimation known signal.For the CDMA technology of FDD, this means the variance of pilot signal that the same cell (sub-district) of Forward Fundamental Channel is provided for travelling carriage.

(2) if possible, the energy of the quadrature component of estimating received signal.In the CDMA technology of FDD, provide such quadrature component for PCBs.They always send in pairs, thereby have reduced the one degree of freedom of signal.This mode is equally applicable to receiver.

Elaborate this two kinds of methods below.

First method is to adopt the combined pilot signal to estimate the signal interference ratio of forward fundamental channel, promptly by the combined pilot signal, the variance of the pilot signal of the combination that draws with statistics is estimated interference power Nt, the Forward Fundamental Channel transmission symbol amplitude that draws with statistics square average come estimating signal power Eb.This just relates to the Rake receiver that adopts in the CDMA travelling carriage and the demodulation process process of Finger.Specifically be described below:

In CDMA travelling carriage (terminal), the Rake receiver is used to handle the wireless signal that arrives travelling carriage through the multipath transmission.Different paths arrive the radio signal of travelling carriage, often have different transmission delays, and transmission delay is relevant with the path that radio signal transmission arrives travelling carriage.In the Rake receiver, the hardware circuit of the radio signal of a certain specific transmission delay of demodulation or software are referred to as one " FINGER ".A common Rake receiver has 3 or 4 FINGER, i.e. the radio signal of demodulation 3 simultaneously or 4 different transmission delays.The Rake receiver is done the sequential alignment to the signal of whole FINGER outputs, then these signals is synthesized, and exports the signal that a signal to noise ratio is higher than single FINGER output far away.

In the CDMA travelling carriage, (cdma base station emission) radio signal that receives through antenna, through a series of processing such as reception amplifier, radio frequency down-conversion, receiving belt pass filter, automatic gain controls,, be input to different Finger as original I and Q signal according to different delaying.These original I and Q signal comprise professional I and Q signal, and pilot tone I and Q signal.

The original I of each Finger and Q signal are at first realized the processing of CDMA descrambling code through an orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (QDS).For cdma2000, be with PN (pseudo noise code) sign indicating number descrambling.And for WCDMA, then be to adopt Gold sign indicating number descrambling.

Signal behind each Finger descrambling is divided into two-way, and one the tunnel is sent to the service signal restore circuit, takes out noisy professional error signal.The pilot signal restore circuit is sent on another road, takes out noisy pilot signal.And then, merge the output of different Finger respectively at service signal and pilot signal.

In that the output from a plurality of Finger is merged (combination) is preceding, need carry out different weighted to the output of different Finger.In the signal interference ratio algorithm for estimating that the present invention provides, utilize the first order pole filtering of pilot signal to obtain weight coefficient, and utilize complex multiplier to realize the weighted of Finger output.In order to reach this purpose, need in the hardware of each Finger component of Rake receiver, add a complex multiplier (2 yuan of dot products).

Accompanying drawing two is system block diagrams of estimating Eb/Nt with the pilot tone combined method." Channel Estimation " (channel estimating) module among the figure, the output of channel estimation module is exactly weight coefficient." Complex Conjugate " (complex conjugate) wherein is used to constitute complex multiplier (for complex multiplication provides binary).

Afterwards, the weighting output of each Finger of service signal passage (or pilot signal passage) is through phase alignment and time unifying, and the weighting output that the DSP firmware merges (business or pilot tone) whole Finger obtains combination services signal (or pilot signal).

After finishing combinations thereof, disturbing the estimation of Nt is to calculate as the variance of pilot signal.Here the pilot signal after the combination is to obtain by every mark space once sampling, represents with following formula:

$P\left(k\right)=\mathrm{ck}+{\mathrm{\ζ}}_p\left(k\right)+n\left(k\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}1\right)$

Here n (k) is the AWGN noise component(s), Be ISI (intersymbol interference) component, C (K) is constant or have quasi-stability (pseudo-stationary) characteristic normally, and noise and ISI have zero-mean, IID process, nearly Gaussian characteristics.Therefore the variance of the pilot tone after the combination is:

$\mathrm{Var}\left(p\right)=\mathrm{Var}\left({\mathrm{\ζ}}_P\right)+\mathrm{Var}\left(n\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}2\right)$

Similarly, signal also can be expressed as in the Forward Fundamental Channel:

$S\left(k\right)=T\left(k\right)+{\mathrm{\ζ}}_T\left(k\right)+n\left(k\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}3\right)$

Symbol in the following formula have with (EQ1) in corresponding symbol mutually the equity definition.Like this, the noise power that stands of decoder is:

$N_t=\mathrm{Var}\left({\mathrm{\ζ}}_T\right)+\mathrm{Var}\left(n\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}4\right)$

If we suppose (ISI that receives through pilot channel) and

(ISI that receives through Forward Fundamental Channel) is identical (or on the statistical significance identical), and we can estimate Nt by the variation of pilot signal so:

$N_t=\mathrm{Var}\left({\mathrm{\ζ}}_T\right)+\mathrm{Var}\left(n\right)\∞\mathrm{Var}\left(P\right)=\mathrm{Var}\left({\mathrm{\ζ}}_P\right)+\mathrm{Var}\left(n\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}5\right)$

In general, in any case this is not an effectively hypothesis.Because for the ISI power that self-interference (because the distortion of the frequency characteristic of TX/RX filter and/or channel causes) is brought, its intensity depends on the power of channel self.Pilot channel is strong signaling channel, thereby often has more ISI.This is the shortcoming of pilot tone combined method just.The another kind of method that we propose then can overcome this weakness.

Because noise process is dynamic, therefore only calculate the variance of the pilot signal strength in each PCG respectively, so calculate Noise Estimation with following formula:

${\hat{N}}_t=\underset{k=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{(p\left(k\right)-\mathrm{\μ})}^2}{M-1}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}6\right)$

Calculate average earlier:

$\mathrm{\μ}=\underset{K=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{p\left(k\right)}{M}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}7\right)$

In the formula, M is a number of pilot symbols among the PCG.Pilot signal strength is calculated by following formula and tries to achieve:.

$p\left(k\right)={[I_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{pilot}}^2\left(k\right)+Q_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{pilot}}^2\left(k\right)]}^{1/2}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}8\right)$

In the formula, I _{Combined-pilot}(k), Q _{Combined-pilot}Homophase, the orthogonal simulation modulation product of k frequency pilot sign after (k) expression is made up respectively.

Get the mean-square value of internal power control character during the PCG, as the estimation of symbol energy:

${\hat{E}}_b=\underset{k_{\mathrm{PCB}}=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{\left(s\left(k_{\mathrm{PCB}}\right)\right)}^2}{N}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}9\right)$

N in the formula is the number of PCBs (power control bit) among the PCG, k _PCBRepresent k power control bit among the PCG.The energy of each power control bit is calculated by following formula and tries to achieve:

$s^2\left(k\right)=I_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{traffic}}^2\left(k\right)+Q_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{traffic}}^2\left(k\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}10\right)$

In the formula, I _{Combined-traffic}(k), Q _{Combined-traffc}Homophase, the orthogonal simulation modulation product of k service symbol after (k) expression is made up respectively.

The estimated value of bit energy has a bias, and apparent, this value equals Nt.Thereby a no inclined to one side Eb/Nt estimates to equal:

${\hat{E}}_b/N_t-1$

And for the combination of the PCB in the soft switching process, travelling carriage receives the signal from a plurality of base station.In this case, the pilot signal of combination specific base is also determined the variance that Nt estimates, just becomes very meaningful.For finishing soft handover, the signal when travelling carriage receives two or more base station simultaneously, and be necessary for wherein each base station and preserve an Eb/Et and estimate.This number of base stations that just means that aforesaid operations can relate to according to soft handover is carried out repeatedly.

Accompanying drawing three is in the travelling carriage of reality, adopts the pilot tone combined method to estimate the particular flow sheet of forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.In this flow process, adopted the pilot tone combined method of above elaboration, estimate the forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.As:

(1) in step " Compute Mean and Variance of Combined Pilot for this PCG ", the average of the pilot signal that draws after the calculation combination and variance; (calculating with EQ6 and EQ7 respectively)

(2) average of pilot signal is used to judge whether internal power control character (PCB) during the PCG can be used for the estimation Eb of compute sign energy, and this can see in step " | PCB|＜=0.25*x "; (average of pilot signal is the result of calculation of EQ7)

(3) variance of pilot signal is as the estimation of disturbing Nt; (result of calculation of EQ6)

(4) in " Compute Energy-Per-Bit ", calculate the mean-square value of internal power control character during the PCG, as the estimation Eb of symbol energy; (getting the result of calculation of EQ9)

From the above, in flow process shown in the accompanying drawing three, only be higher than under the condition of pilot bits amplitude after 1/4 the combination, just can use the estimation Eb of power control sign bit compute sign energy in power control sign bit amplitude.Otherwise, use the signal interference ratio estimated value of previous PCG, estimate as the signal interference ratio of current PC G.In the flow process of accompanying drawing three, per 8 PCG make the closed-loop power control judgement of a forward fundamental channel.

Second kind of forward fundamental channel estimation method for SIR is PCB ONLY method, is described below:

PCB Only method depends on such fact: the PCB symbol of the transmission in each power control group is all identical with power and send simultaneously with two quadrature phases.This just means the symbol to PCB, and the QPSK signal is reduced to the special case of a kind of BPSK.Yet the QPSK receiver of a standard can be used to these symbols of demodulation.This just means a noise component(s) and signal shaft quadrature, can be used to estimate Nt.

I and Q are the sampled value of PCB symbol (through behind the multipath) quadrature I, Q.Definition x and y are:

x＝I+Q (EQ11)

y＝I-Q (EQ12)

The absolute value note of muting received signal component among the PCB is made a, and so, signal structure (being the amplitude range of signal) can be expressed as:

{I，Q}＝{±a，±a} (EQ13)

Ground of equal value, on the x-y axle, signal structure is:

$\{x,y\}=\{\±a\sqrt{2},0\}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}14\right))$

The noise component(s) n that adds upper edge x and y direction _xAnd n _y, noisy signal is:

$\{x,y\}=\{\±a\sqrt{2}+n_x,n_y\}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}15\right)$

Then can obtain being estimated as of Eb:

${\hat{E}}_b=\frac{{\left[E\right|X\left|\right]}^2}{2}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}16\right)$

Notice that because decline and forward channel power control, a is not a constant, all can change each power control group.Thereby, in order to finish the purpose of forward channel power control, can only adopt the instantaneous estimation of the sampling acquisition signals and associated noises of each PCBs:

${\hat{E}}_b=\frac{{\mathrm{\χ}}^2}{2}=\frac{{(I+Q)}^2}{2}---\left(\mathrm{EQ}17\right)$

Since noise component(s) nx and ny are IID, thereby one variance only need adding up in the two estimation of Nt can obtain.

${\hat{N}}_t=\mathrm{Var}\left(n_y\right)=E\left({n^2}_y\right)=E\left({|I-Q|}^2\right)---\left(\mathrm{EQ}18\right)$

It is quasi-static that noise process is supposed to, and that is to say that it changes in time more slowly.Therefore, one to leak evaluator---be single-pole filter---is used to estimating noise power:

${\hat{N}}_t\left(k\right)={\widehat{\mathrm{\β}}N}_t(k-1)+(1-\mathrm{\β}){(I-Q)}^2---\left(\mathrm{EQ}19\right)$

At last, obtain the estimation of signal interference ratio Eb/Nt with the ratio that Eb estimates and Nt estimates.Afterwards, according to the inner-loop power control set point, a threshold value is set in the estimation of signal interference ratio Eb/Nt, thereby is obtained the decision function FPC (k) of forward power control:

$\mathrm{EPC}\left(k\right)=\mathrm{sgn}[\frac{E_b}{N_t}{|}_{T\arg \mathrm{et}}-\frac{E_b}{N_t}\left(K\right)]---\left(\mathrm{EQ}20\right)$

In some radio configuration, can in same PCG, send many to PCBs.Yet the symbol of these PCBs is always identical.In these radio configuration, I that each PCB is right and Q component can be distinguished addition and obtain each quadrature component sum.These quadrature component sums can be according to the quantity of the PCB that has known, and obtain according to above-mentioned Equation for Calculating.

When travelling carriage is in the soft changing state that relates to a plurality of base stations, the PCB that can send according to this base station the estimation of the Eb/Nt of each base station Forward Fundamental Channel and finishing respectively.

Contrast pilot tone combined method, PCB Only method has following advantage:

(1) algorithm expense seldom has only two square operations, a filter operations and a divide operations.

(2) whole operation can be finished in firmware, need not other hardware/firmware, software module.

(3) the pilot tone combined method generally comprises a plurality of complex multiplications (one in each path) and addition, when being in soft handover situation, need handle respectively each pilot tone (from the base station).This is a much complicated process, needs to use additional dedicated hardware module to handle in the levels of chip.Therefore, this method is not self-contained, and needs other module.

(4) the pilot tone combined method depends on the estimation to the pilot signal variance, will estimate its average simultaneously.This means and to make up an add-on module that contains 2N computing unit.Wherein, N is the number of the frequency pilot sign of variance estimator use.The PCBOnly module does not then need such computation complexity.

Compare with the pilot tone combined method, the shortcoming of PCB Only method of estimation is to use less data when estimating that Nt estimates.This causes the estimation of Eb/Nt to have higher variance.But, simulation result proves: the increase of estimate variance is controlled, does not cause any unfavorable result in closed-loop simulation.

Can adopt the DSP firmware to realize PCB Only Eb/Nt algorithm for estimating.The process of PCB Only algorithm is fairly simple, is made of following steps:

(1) carries out ∑-Δ sampling to the summation of the right quadrature component of PCB different among the same PCG and to component.

(2) multiplying (square) to obtain Eb and instantaneous Nt estimation.

(3) one pole filtering is estimated to obtain filtered Nt.

(4) Eb obtains Eb/Nt divided by Nt.

(5) add up the average of a plurality of instantaneous signal interference ratios among this PCG, obtain the estimation of signal interference ratio of the Forward Fundamental Channel of this PCG.

(6) set the Eb/Nt threshold point to obtain forward direction power control decision-making

Simulation study shows, the PCB Only algorithm Eb/Nt algorithm for estimating as fundamental service channel preferably.The reason of doing this selection is that it is simpler than the pilot tone combination, and both performances are very approaching.

Simulation study shows, exists a linearity to depart between Eb/Nt estimated value that PCB Only algorithm obtains and the actual Eb/Nt value.For the Eb/Nt that PCB Only algorithm is obtained estimates to convert the target desired value to, need estimate a little calibration factor, be used to finish this conversion.And the Eb/Nt threshold point also needs calibration curve, and the estimation that exists with elimination PCB Only estimator departs from.By the Eb/Nt threshold point after the outer shroud use calibration of forward direction closed-loop power control, realize the forward power control of calibration.This calibration is linear, promptly is to finish by multiplication by constants.

Technical scheme 1: based on the sir algorithms of Forward Fundamental Channel in the calculating fdd mode cdma system of combined pilot signal amplitude estimation, control the variance of the combined pilot symbol amplitude among the group (PCG) as interfering signal power with a power, as signal power, calculate the signal interference ratio Eb/Nt of Forward Fundamental Channel in the fdd mode cdma system with the mean-square value of the power control character amplitude among the same PCG.

Technical scheme 2: according to the method for estimation of Forward Fundamental Channel signal-to-jamming ratio in the cdma system of the fdd mode of power control bit statistics, in a PCG, with the I of each PCB, Q signal amplitude and square 1/2 estimate as the instantaneous power of signals and associated noises, with the I of this PCB, square the instantaneous power estimation of Q signal amplitude difference, thereby only utilize I, the Q signal amplitude of each PCB among the PCG to calculate several instantaneous signal interference ratios as noise jamming.Again by the average of a plurality of instantaneous signal interference ratios among this PCG of statistics, obtain the estimation of signal interference ratio of the Forward Fundamental Channel of this PCG.

Technical scheme 3: the system of the signal-to-jamming ratio of Forward Fundamental Channel in the cdma system of calculating fdd mode, the cdma base station emitted radio signal that receives through antenna, go out I through radio demodulating, Q signal to orthogonal dispreading is opened up the signal input part of device (QDS), realize that CDMA separates the quadrature spread scrambler and handles, one road signal of orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (QDS) output is sent to the service signal restore circuit, take out behind the noisy professional error signal to the weighter signal input part, the Eb of the signal output part of weighter to PCG of service signal combination calculation is to divider, the pilot signal restore circuit is sent on another road of orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (QDS) output, take out after the noisy pilot signal to the weighter signal input part, mainly after the pilot frequency intensity average of the signal output part of weighter to PCG of pilot signal combination calculation calculate Nt to divider.In the hardware of each Finger component of Rake receiver, add a complex multiplier (2 yuan of dot products), utilize the first order pole filtering of pilot signal to obtain weight coefficient, utilize complex multiplier to realize the weighted of Finger output.The weighting output of each Finger of service signal passage (or pilot signal passage) is through phase alignment and time unifying, and the weighting output that the DSP firmware merges (business or pilot tone) whole Finger obtains combination services signal (or pilot signal).

The present invention compares with background technology, calculates simple and directly, and the computational accuracy height economizes on resources, and is easy to realize in mobile phone and embedded device.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a forward fundamental channel closed power control flow schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the system block diagram that the pilot tone combined method is estimated the forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.Among the figure, QDS represents orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (quadrature despread unit).I _{Combined-pilot}(k) Q _{Combined-pilot}(k), I _{Combined-traffic}(k), Q _{Combined-traffic}(k) explanation in (EQ8), (EQ10) of meaning.I _{Filtered-pilot}(k), Q _{Filtered-pilot}(k) be k frequency pilot sign of process single-pole filter filtering, calculate with the formula that is similar to (EQ19).β _ChestIt is the factor beta of first order pole IIR (infinite impulse response) filter in (EQ19).P (k) is a pilot frequency intensity, calculates according to (EQ8).s ²(k) be the power of service signal in the Forward Fundamental Channel, calculate according to (EQ10).μ is the average of the pilot signal strength in each PCG, calculates according to (EQ7).

Fig. 3 is the flow chart that the pilot tone combined method is estimated the forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1: with reference to accompanying drawing 1.What accompanying drawing 1 illustrated is Forward Fundamental Channel closed power control procedure.Cdma base station except send to travelling carriage (terminal) service signal (with the situation of mobile communications under), also can be, and common control signal all the time constantly to travelling carriage pilot signal transmitted, synchronizing signal.

The various signals that the base station sends generally all pass through multipath fading and arrive travelling carriage.Travelling carriage utilizes the Rake receiver that the fundamental component of the signal of multipath transmission is extracted.The signal extraction that each FINGER of Rake receiver extracts a particular transmission path (delaying corresponding to a special time) comes out.The Rake receiver is with the phase alignment of a plurality of FINGER output signals, and the output of a plurality of like this FINGER just can be merged into a signal.

In order to realize that forward direction (descending) service signal is carried out power control, after travelling carriage utilizes the channel code of quadrature to isolate pilot signal and service signal from the signal that receives, need to measure the signal interference ratio SIR=Eb/Nt of service signal.Eb is a service signal power, and Nt is a noise-plus-interference power.After measuring sir value, travelling carriage is compared the sir value that measures with predefined signal interference ratio threshold value, if measured value is higher than threshold value, reduces power with regard to informing base station, otherwise informing base station improves power.Here it is forward direction inner-loop power control.

If the signal interference ratio threshold value of forward direction inner-loop power control is produced by real-time calculating frame error rate by travelling carriage, so thisly just be called outer shroud by calculating the process that frame error rate produces the signal interference ratio threshold value.Adopt the forward power control of outer shroud, be called the forward direction external circule power control.As accompanying drawing once in adopted outer shroud and forward direction external circule power control.

Embodiment 2: with reference to accompanying drawing 2.In the accompanying drawing two, (cdma base station emission) radio signal that receives through antenna, through a series of processing such as reception amplifier, radio frequency down-conversion, receiving belt pass filter, automatic gain controls,, be input to different Finger as original I and Q signal according to different delaying.These original I and Q signal comprise professional I and Q signal, and pilot tone I and Q signal.

The original I of each Finger and Q signal are at first realized the processing of CDMA quadrature descrambling code through a quadrature demodulation system device (QDS).For cdma2000, be with PN (pseudo noise code) sign indicating number descrambling.And for WCDMA, then be to adopt Gold sign indicating number descrambling.

Signal behind each Finger descrambling is divided into two-way, and one the tunnel is sent to the service signal restore circuit, takes out noisy professional error signal.The pilot signal restore circuit is sent on another road, takes out noisy pilot signal.And then, merge the output of different Finger respectively at service signal and pilot signal.

In the accompanying drawing two, the output of channel estimation module is as Finger being exported the weight coefficient that is weighted." Complex Conjugate " (complex conjugate) in the channel estimation module then is used to constitute the needed complex multiplier of weighted calculation (two elements that multiply each other are provided for complex multiplier).

Afterwards, phase alignment and time unifying are passed through in the weighting output of each Finger of service signal passage (or pilot signal passage) again, realize merging (business or pilot tone) all weighting output of Finger by the DSP firmware, thereby obtain combination services signal (or pilot signal).

After finishing combinations thereof, according to power control bit (PCB) the symbol energy s in (EQ10) calculating Forward Fundamental Channel ²(k), as the power of service signal.Simultaneously, utilize the variance of the pilot signal strength in the PCG to estimate interference strength.Therefore, need to calculate pilot frequency intensity p (k) according to (EQB).

On the border of a PCG, calculate according to (EQ9)

Calculate according to (EQ6) Calculate then

Embodiment 3: with reference to accompanying drawing 3.Accompanying drawing three is in the travelling carriage of reality, adopts the pilot tone combined method to estimate the particular flow sheet of forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.In this flow process, adopted the pilot tone combined method of above elaboration, estimate the forward fundamental channel signal interference ratio.As:

(1) in step " is calculated the average energy value and the variance of the combined pilot symbol among this PCG ", the average of the pilot signal that draws after the calculation combination and variance; (calculating with EQ6 and EQ7 respectively).

(2) average of pilot signal is used to judge whether internal power control character (PCB) during the PCG can be used for the estimation Eb of compute sign energy, this step " PCB energy＜=0.25* combined pilot symbol energy average? " in can see; (average of pilot signal is the result of calculation of EQ7).

(3) variance of pilot signal is as the estimation of disturbing Nt; (result of calculation of EQ6).

(4) mean-square value of internal power control character during PCG of " calculating the average energy value of PCB among this PCG " middle calculating is as the estimation Eb of symbol energy; (getting the result of calculation of EQ8).

From the above, in flow process shown in the accompanying drawing three, only be higher than under the condition of pilot bits amplitude after 1/4 the combination, just can use the estimation Eb of power control sign bit compute sign energy in power control sign bit amplitude.Otherwise, use the signal interference ratio estimated value of previous PCG, estimate as the signal interference ratio of current PC G.In the flow process of accompanying drawing three, per 8 PCG make the closed-loop power control judgement of a forward fundamental channel.

What need understand is: though the foregoing description is to the present invention's detailed explanation of contrasting; but these explanations are just illustrative to the present invention; rather than limitation of the present invention, any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1, the sir algorithms of Forward Fundamental Channel in a kind of fdd mode cdma system, it is characterized in that: control the variance of the combined pilot symbol amplitude among the group (PCG) as interfering signal power with a power, as signal power, calculate the signal interference ratio Eb/Nt of Forward Fundamental Channel in the fdd mode cdma system with the mean-square value of the power control character amplitude among the same PCG.

2, Estimiting method of signal interference ratio of forward basic service channel in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that noise-plus-interference power Nt adopts following formula to calculate:

$\begin{array}{c}{\hat{N}}_t=\underset{k=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{(p\left(k\right)-\mathrm{\μ})}^2}{M-1}\\ \mathrm{\μ}=\underset{k=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{p\left(k\right)}{M}\end{array};$

In the formula, p (k) is k combined pilot signal amplitude among this PCG, and M is the number of pilot symbols among this PCG, and p (k) is calculated by following formula and tries to achieve: $p\left(k\right)={[I_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{pilot}}^2\left(k\right)+Q_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{pilot}}^2\left(k\right)]}^{1/2};$

3, Estimiting method of signal interference ratio of forward basic service channel in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that getting the mean-square value of internal power control character during the PCG, as the estimation of symbol energy:

${\hat{E}}_b=\underset{k_{\mathrm{PCB}}=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{\left(s\left(k_{\mathrm{PCB}}\right)\right)}^2}{N},$ N in the formula is the quantity of PCBs (power control bit) among the PCG; The energy of each power control bit is calculated by following formula and tries to achieve:

$s^2\left(k\right)=I_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{traffic}}^2\left(k\right)+Q_{\mathrm{combined}-\mathrm{traffic}}^2\left(k\right).$

4, the method for estimation of Forward Fundamental Channel signal-to-jamming ratio in a kind of cdma system, it is characterized in that: in a PCG, with the I of each PCB, Q signal amplitude and square 1/2 estimate as the instantaneous power of signals and associated noises, with the I of this PCB, square the instantaneous power estimation of Q signal amplitude difference, thereby only utilize I, the Q signal amplitude of each PCB among the PCG to calculate several instantaneous signal interference ratios as noise jamming.Again by the average of a plurality of instantaneous signal interference ratios among this PCG of statistics, obtain the estimation of signal interference ratio of the Forward Fundamental Channel of this PCG.

5, the method for estimation of Forward Fundamental Channel signal-to-jamming ratio in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 5 is characterized in that:

(1) carries out ∑-Δ sampling to the summation of different PCB are right among the same PCG quadrature component and to component;

(2) multiplying (square) to obtain Eb and instantaneous Nt estimation; (instantaneous estimation of signals and associated noises:

${\hat{E}}_b=\frac{x^2}{2}=\frac{{(I+Q)}^2}{2};$ Estimation to Nt: ${\hat{N}}_t=\mathrm{Var}\left(n_y\right)=E\left({n^2}_y\right)=E\left({|I-Q|}^2\right)$

(3) one pole filtering is estimated to obtain filtered Nt; (employing single-pole filter estimating noise power:

${\hat{N}}_t\left(k\right)=\mathrm{\β}{\hat{N}}_t(k-1)+(1-\mathrm{\β}){(I-Q)}^2.)$

(4) Eb obtains Eb/Nt divided by Nt;

(5) add up the average of a plurality of instantaneous signal interference ratios among this PCG, obtain the estimation of signal interference ratio of the Forward Fundamental Channel of this PCG;

(6) set the Eb/Nt threshold point to obtain forward direction power control decision-making.

6, the calculation process of Forward Fundamental Channel signal-to-jamming ratio in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

7, the system of the signal-to-jamming ratio of Forward Fundamental Channel in a kind of cdma system of fdd mode, it is characterized in that: the cdma base station emitted radio signal that receives through antenna, go out I through radio demodulating, Q signal to orthogonal dispreading is opened up the signal input part of device (QDS), realize that CDMA separates the quadrature spread scrambler and handles, one road signal of orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (QDS) output is sent to the service signal restore circuit, take out behind the noisy professional error signal to the weighter signal input part, the Eb of the signal output part of weighter to PCG of service signal combination calculation is to divider, the pilot signal restore circuit is sent on another road of orthogonal dispreading exhibition device (QDS) output, take out after the noisy pilot signal to the weighter signal input part, mainly after the pilot frequency intensity average of the signal output part of weighter to PCG of pilot signal combination calculation calculate Nt to divider.

8, the system of the signal-to-jamming ratio of Forward Fundamental Channel in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the hardware of each Finger component of Rake receiver, add a complex multiplier (2 yuan of dot products), utilize the first order pole filtering of pilot signal to obtain weight coefficient, utilize complex multiplier to realize the weighted of Finger output.

9, the system of the signal-to-jamming ratio of Forward Fundamental Channel in the cdma system of fdd mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weighting output of each Finger of service signal passage (or pilot signal passage) is through phase alignment and time unifying, and the weighting output that the DSP firmware merges (business or pilot tone) whole Finger obtains combination services signal (or pilot signal).