CN1846454B - Location determination of a local transmitter using a database - Google Patents

Location determination of a local transmitter using a database Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1846454B
CN1846454B CN2004800250590A CN200480025059A CN1846454B CN 1846454 B CN1846454 B CN 1846454B CN 2004800250590 A CN2004800250590 A CN 2004800250590A CN 200480025059 A CN200480025059 A CN 200480025059A CN 1846454 B CN1846454 B CN 1846454B
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bts
data
signal
transmitter
neighbor list
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CN1846454A (en
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苏珊·阿尔桑
格兰特·A·马歇尔
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0236—Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac

Abstract

A method and apparatus for identifying wireless communication base stations from incomplete signal data reported by a Mobile Station (MS). In one embodiment, a database includes a plurality of key BTS data entries, each key BTS data entry including a unique global identifier that uniquely identifies a BTS in the system, and wherein the BTS database further includes associated data entries corresponding to and associated with each key BTS data entry. BTS signal data is obtained from an MS, the BTS signal data including a unique identifier of a first BTS and at least partial identifying information for at least one BTS other than the first BTS. A match is determined between the first associated data entries and the BTS signal data, and a second BTS is identified responsive to the match.

Description

Using database that local transmitter is carried out the position confirms
The cross reference of asking in relevant
The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/490 that present patent application requires to submit on July 28th, 2003 is entitled as " base station almanac that the sub-district of reporting for the sign travelling carriage is carried out is searched and is optimized " (OPTIMIZATION OFBASE STATION ALMANAC LOOK-UP FOR IDENTIFICATION OFMOBILE STATION REPORTED CELLS); 820 priority comprises its full content in this mode by reference.
Technical field
Disclosed method and apparatus relates to the location-based service that is used for mobile communication equipment, and relates more particularly to a kind of system and method for position of the transmitter that is used for confirm sending the signal that is used for travelling carriage is positioned.
Background technology
The location-based service (being abbreviated as LCS, representative " LoCation Services ") that is used to be called the Wireless Telecom Equipment of travelling carriage (MS) becomes the business field that becomes more and more important of radio communication provider.Can positional information be used for to MS user all places service being provided.For example, public safety organ of power can use location information finds out the accurate geographic position of MS.Alternatively, MS user can use location information comes nearest ATM (ATM) is positioned and with this ATM defrayment.As another example, as traveller on the way the time, positional information can accessory travel person acquire progressively (step-by-step) guiding of expectation destination.
The technology that makes a large amount of system users can share wireless communication system is playing important function aspect the needs that satisfy growing mobile computing, and these need comprise the needs to location-based service.For example, this system comprises code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband CDMA (WCDMA) technology.As everyone knows, pseudo noise (PN) sign indicating number or pseudo noise sequence have been distributed for CDMA and WCDMA communication equipment.Each equipment uses its PN sign indicating number on public spread spectrum frequency band, to propagate its signal of communication.As long as each communication equipment has used correct sign indicating number, the signal that each this equipment just can successfully detect and select to expect from the parallel signal that sends in identical frequency band.
Two types navigation system is known.First kind of navigation system that is called based on MS.In the navigation system based on MS, the calculating that is used for definite MS position is carried out at MS.Second kind is called the auxiliary navigation system of MS.In the auxiliary navigation system of MS, network provides auxiliary data to realize the measurement performance of position measurement and/or raising MS to MS.MS provides signal measurements to network.Then, network assembly calculates the estimated value of MS position.A specific method of the location that MS is auxiliary has adopted global positioning system (GPS) and has been called as " assistant GPS " or is called AGPS simply.According to the AGPS method, MS uses the auxiliary data that network provided to obtain measured value (being commonly referred to " GPS measured value ") from gps satellite.Except that the GPS measured value, MS also obtains the land surveying value, such as the forward link measured value from the ground reference station such as base station transceiver (BTS)." forward link " is meant the communication of sending and being received by MS from BTS." reverse link " is meant the communication of being sent and being received by BTS by MS.Also can on reverse link, obtain land surveying value in the measurement of BTS place.Other measured values comprise the auxiliary and timing information in high-altitude.In the MS auxiliary operation,, will all send to position determination entity (PDE) and be used for the geographical position and calculate for serving all measured values that the given position request obtains usually regardless of the origin of this metrical information.
A kind of method that can combine GPS or AGPS system and use is commonly referred to advanced forward link triangulation (AFLT).This geographic positioning technology has utilized the institute of the wireless signal that sends and received by MS from a plurality of BTS to measure the time of reaching (TOA).Utilize the additive method of TOA to comprise that enhancing observed time difference (E-OTD) and observation arrive the time difference (OTDOA).
In order to realize the geographic positioning technology based on TOA, it receives the signal that sends from BTS MS " report ".MS can be that PDE provides PN measurement data to its each BTS signal that receives.This PN measurement data is from the phase coherence sequence of data, to know by inference.These data are commonly referred to " chip ".Chip sequence is commonly referred to the pilot chip sequence.The signal that carries the pilot chip sequence is commonly referred to pilot signal.The method that is used to make MS to obtain pilot signal is that the those of ordinary skill of wireless communication field is known.
In given geographic area, each BTS broadcasts identical pseudo noise (PN) sign indicating number pilot signal termly, but this signal has the different time skew.That is to say that each BTS sends identical PN sign indicating number.Yet, begin from time that each BTS sends the PN sign indicating number with respect to common time reference point can postpone the different skews of accurately knowing.Because different BTS sends the PN sign indicating numbers with different skews, therefore can use the PN of pilot signal to squint and identify corresponding BTS.Therefore, PDE can confirm to send the BTS of the signal that MS received through searching the database that BTS is associated with the PN skew.Should be noted that for the sake of simplicity, can be with reference to the PN of the signal " skew " that sent rather than with reference to the PN skew of the beginning of the PN sign indicating number of on this signal, modulating.
Alternatively, can be utilized in and carry out other in the PN sign indicating number and change and distinguish the signal that is sent by different B TS.Usually can measure the PN skew at the arrival signal that receives from BTS.The known a kind of database of those of ordinary skill in the art is base station almanac (BSA), and it comprises the information about the land wireless network.Especially, the PN skew of the BSA signal that can BTS position and BTS be sent interrelates.
Regrettably, because the number of available PN skew is limited, can specifies some BTS to send and have the signal that identical PN squints.Yet the BTS that sends the signal with identical PN skew is far away at a distance of enough each other usually, so neither one MS can receive the signal from two BTS that specified identical PN skew.But the PN skew itself is not enough to identify uniquely BTS, and reason is that MS may receive from having the signal of the remote BTS of identical PN skew with nearer BTS.
Except that identifying uniquely the problem of the BTS that therefrom sends signal, a large amount of relatively BTS can make and search for so that identify the specific transmission BTS cost plenty of time through database in the canonical system.
Accurately confirm that the MS position need therefrom receive the precise information of position of each BTS of signal about MS.This and needs identify each BTS that therefrom receives signal fast and uniquely.Therefore, should recognize, be starved of the method that the finite data that can use MS to receive comes the improvement of marking emitter.Therefore, need a kind of method and apparatus that be used for confirming the position of the BTS that can " hear " by MS.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses the system and method for the position of the transmitter that is used for definite signal, this transmitter is such as the base station transceiver (BTS) by travelling carriage (MS) report.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, database comprises a plurality of crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses.Term " key " is used for showing with this key BTS data clauses and subclauses as " search key " to provide auxiliary when the certain records of being paid close attention in specified data storehouse.Each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses is corresponding to the unique BTS in the system.The BTS database also comprises corresponding to each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses and the associated data clauses and subclauses that are associated with each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses.This associated data clauses and subclauses are the neighbor lists that are used for storage " adjacent " BTS data, and " adjacent " BTS data comprise geographical going up and pseudo noise (PN) skew corresponding to the approaching signal that BTS sent of the BTS of crucial BTS clauses and subclauses.
Another associated data clauses and subclauses are listened to the tabulations that are used for storing " can listen " BTS data, and " can listen " BTS data comprise the PN skew of being sent and being received by MS by BTS and be not the signal that sent by the BTS in the neighbor list.Another associated data clauses and subclauses are called and keep tabulation, are used for storage " reservations " BTS data, comprise by not belonging to neighbor list maybe can listening the BTS of tabulation to send but possible can the skew by the PN of the signal of MS reception.Other associated data clauses and subclauses comprise a thresholding, and it is clear that the usage of this thresholding will become below.
In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, receive the BTS data from MS.The BTS data comprise and " first service " BTS associated unique identification symbol.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus; This unique identifier can be SID/NID/BaseID (system identifier/network identifier/base station identifier), perhaps can be exchange plane No., market ID and/or BaseID in another embodiment of this identification code.The BTS data can also comprise pseudo noise (PN) data that are associated with first serving BTS and other BTS simultaneously.Hereinafter these other BTS are called " non-service " BTS.Yet, should be appreciated that in fact some this non-serving BTS can be second serving BTS.That is to say that these non-serving BTS possibly provide the communication link between MS and the communication network.In addition, the BTS data comprise the indication to the signal strength signal intensity of the signal that sent by other BTS and received by MS.Seek coupling between the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses in unique identifier that is received and database.In case obtain coupling, the first serving BTS data that just can basis be associated with this key BTS data clauses and subclauses are learnt the position by first serving BTS of this key BTS data strip target knowledge.
Then, inspection received from non-serving BTS by MS with the data that join by signal correction that MS reported.Carry out this inspection and be for the signal strength signal intensity confirming to be reported to each non-serving BTS signal by MS whether greater than with database in the thresholding that is associated of first serving BTS.If the signal strength signal intensity of being reported to each non-serving BTS signal by MS greater than with database in the thresholding that is associated of first serving BTS, then whether the PN skew of the signal that sent by this non-serving BTS of this method inspection is complementary with the PN skew that is stored in the neighbor list.The PN skew of the signal that will be sent by this non-serving BTS is regarded as fuzzy identification data, and reason is that this PN skew might be associated with a plurality of particular B TS.Yet, can other identification datas be regarded as bluring equally.For example, can one " system banner " number (SID) be specified and give a plurality of BTS, make this SID blur for the BTS that sign is associated with this SID.Therefore, to the purpose of disclosure file, can any information in two or more sources of sign be regarded as fuzzy identification data.
According to an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, can think that the PN skew of signal with the signal strength signal intensity that is higher than thresholding will be complementary with the PN skew that is associated with the adjacent BTS that is listed in the neighbor list.In another embodiment; If (1) signal strength signal intensity is higher than thresholding; (2) in neighbor list, do not find this PN skew, and (3) find this PN skew in other tabulation, the clauses and subclauses that then will be associated with this PN skew move on to neighbor list from the tabulation of finding this PN skew.By this way, can dynamically construct neighbor list rather than must be from BTS or other BTS network data base device downloads neighbor lists.
Yet,, can not think that this PN skew meeting is in this neighbor list if signal strength signal intensity is not more than this thresholding.Therefore, even the PN that is associated with non-serving BTS skew is complementary with the PN skew of BTS in being listed in the neighbor list that is associated with first serving BTS, still need squints and confirm this PN.That is to say, carry out additional step confirm this PN skew indicated with database in the BTS that is associated of this PN skew with and identical by the squint BTS that is associated of the PN that MS sent.In one embodiment, through confirm with database in the BTS that is associated of PN skew sent possibility and carried out this affirmation with signal that the PN that is associated squints.In one of disclosed method and apparatus substituting embodiment, can omit the affirmation step.Yet, will have the possibility of matching error like this.Any erroneous matching can confirm that all MS therefrom receives the position of some BTS at least of signal with leading to errors.
If all do not match by PN skew that MS sent and any PN skew that is stored in the neighbor list, then from be stored in the PN skew that to listen the list of entries, seek coupling.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, if find this coupling, then confirming should coupling.Yet in another embodiment, it is correct can emitting this coupling of risk identification of certain false judgment.
If the PN skew by MS sent does not all match with being stored in any PN skew that can listen in the list of entries, then from be stored in the PN skew that keeps the tabulation, seek coupling.If the coupling of finding then according to an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, is confirmed this coupling through other step.Alternatively, can think under situation about further not confirming that this coupling is correct.In response to confirming to exist coupling, all data that will be associated with this PN skew are transferred to from the reservation tabulation and can be listened tabulation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram in order to the wireless communication system that the radio communication that comprises location-based service is provided.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram in order to the wireless communication system that the radio communication that comprises location-based service is provided, and it shows additional assembly.
Fig. 3 is the conceptual illustration of database, and this database illustrates with the form of table.
Fig. 4 illustrates the flow chart of confirming the method for base station transceiver according to the signal data of being reported by travelling carriage (MS).
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 comprise the overall flow figure that illustrates according to confirmed the second method of base station transceiver by the signal data that MS reported.
Fig. 7 shows the system that carries out statistical analysis based on serving BS transceiver (BTS) and by the lap of the overlay area between the BTS of one group of particular items representative in the database.
Fig. 8 shows the overlay area of first serving BTS.
Fig. 9 shows the calculating to the relative phase of the signal that receives from different BTS.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the conventional wireless communication systems 100 of the simplification that can be suitable for providing location-based service.As shown in Figure 1, travelling carriage (MS) 102 communicates with base station transceiver (BTS) 112,114,116 and 142 via a plurality of Radio Links 122.Though show four this BTS, should be appreciated that MS102 can communicate with one or more this BTS, the number of this BTS is restriction not.MS 102 can be cell phone, radio telephone, have the PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) of wireless communication ability, have the notebook of wireless communication ability or be used for carrying out via wireless connections any other mobile devices of personal communication.MS 102 receives the pilot signal of being sent by BTS 112,114,116,142.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, pilot signal (being called " pilot tone " at this) is to use " pseudo noise " (PN) yard signal of modulating.In another embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, pilot tone can be the feasible arbitrary signal that identifies BTS based on some characteristic of this signal.In one embodiment, wherein with the PN sign indicating number pilot tone is modulated, this PN sign indicating number is the string number value.With this PN sign indicating number pilot tone is modulated and to be generally used for making code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system can distinguish the unlike signal that on same frequency, sends.In addition, in the cdma cellular telephone system, come the pilot signal of being sent by a plurality of or whole BTS in the system is modulated with identical PN sign indicating number usually.For the pilot tone that BTS is sent is distinguished with the pilot tone of other BTS transmissions mutually, have a time migration from the PN sign indicating number of each BTS, this time migration is unique for specific transmission BTS.These skews are all with reference to public clock.Therefore, through confirming the special time skew with respect to common clock, MS can confirm that which BTS has sent this pilot tone.
Yet, in most of this systems, can a plurality of BTS be distributed in identical skew according to plan of distribution.For common communication objective, according to this plan of distribution, the BTS with the same offset of being distributed should be far away at a distance of enough each other, so that the signal that their send can be by same MS reception.Therefore, when attempt using skew to confirm to be which particular B TS to send MS with the time, can there be any ambiguity in theory by force to pilot tone that the signal rank that is enough to communicate is received.Yet, in fact, still have fuzzy possibility.Can detect the more weak signal of signal that is used for the common communications purpose than those at MS, and therefore can detect under the situation than the desired signal more at a distance of allocation of communications plan, situation is especially true.Under any situation, so that when using this pilot tone to come MS positioned, need to consider this potential ambiguity when the position in the source of attempting confirming pilot tone.
BTS 112,114 and 116 is connected to base station controller/mobile switching centre (BSC/MSC) 110.BSC/MSC is connected to position determination entity (PDE) 130.Can PDE 130 be attached in other assemblies of communication system (such as BSC/MSC/ communication service provider network 150 or its some combination).PDE 130 can provide location-based service to a plurality of equipment (such as a plurality of MS that are similar to MS 102) that communicate through a plurality of BSC/MSC and BTS (such as BSC/MSC 140 and BTS 112,114,116 and 142).In a substituting embodiment, can be only confirm the position of MS 102 through occurring in processing in the MS self.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, can be with all BTS being positioned required information stores in the PDE that concentrates, rather than among the MS 102.Yet, can comprise being stored among the MS 102 with this storage in that it can be visited Anywhere.
In this example, BTS 142 is connected to independently BSC/MSC 140, can comprise a plurality of BSC/MSC so that typical cell phone system to be shown.BSC/MSC 110, BSC/MSC 140 provide interface between BTS and other network elements, such as between PDE 130 and the communication service provider network 150 such as public switch telephone network (PSTN), interface being provided.
Except that receiving the signal from BTS, MS 102 can also receive signal (such as gps signal) from one or more other sources (such as satellite) 126 and 128 via communication link 123 and communication link 124.Similarly, BSC/MSC 110 can also receive signal from one or more satellites 126 128 via communication link 123 and communication link 124, such as gps signal.Though show two satellites through example, when MS provides location-based service, can not use satellite, use a satellite, or use a plurality of satellites and/or other sources.In addition, though satellite is shown and BSC/MSC 110 communicates, the those of ordinary skill of wireless communication field should be appreciated that and can also come the receiving satellite certificate by other receiver (not shown) such as wide area grid of reference (WARN).BSC/MSC 110 and BSC/MSC 140 are connected to communication service provider network 150, receiving and to send data, such as audio/video/text communication, programming data, from position requests or the data of WARN.
Fig. 2 provides other details about the assembly among MS 102 and the PDE 130.For the sake of simplicity, not shownly among Fig. 2 can be used for the gps satellite of navigation system and the communication link that is associated thereof.PDE 130 has memory 234 and processor 232, the operation of this processor 232 control PDE 130.Used term " processor " is intended to individually or comprises with the form with the combination (such as memory) of other equipment any processor equipment of the operation of the equipment (such as PDE 130, MS 102, BSC/MSC 110 or its part) that can control its place in this specification.For example, the processor such as processor 232 can comprise microprocessor, embedded controller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), state machine, special-purpose discrete hardware etc.System described here, equipment and method are not limited to the specific hardware components of selecting to realize processor 232.
Memory 234 and memory 206 can comprise read-only memory (ROM) assembly, random-access memory (ram), non-volatile ram assembly or can stored information and any other devices of visit afterwards.The instruction and data of processor 232 is stored and be provided for to memory 234.The assembly of PDE 130 is linked at together through internal bus system 236, and the assembly of MS 102 is linked at together through internal bus system 207.Below will describe in more detail, memory 234 comprises that the PN that is used for according to being provided by MS 102 squints the database that signal source (being BTS) is positioned.
As shown in Figure 2, MS 102 comprises processor 204, memory 206 and transceiver 208.The instruction and data of processor 204 is stored and be provided for to memory 206.Transceiver 208 can MS 102 and remote location (such as BTS 112,114,116 and 142 or the gps satellite (not shown)) between send and/or receive data, such as voice data, video data, text data and programming data.Antenna 209 is connected to transceiver 208.The basic operation of MS 102 is as known in the art, needn't describe at this.
PDE 130 can have the mapped data storehouse that storage PN is displaced to the position of the BTS that is associated.As stated.Cdma system uses the method for Pilot PN skew as sign BTS usually.The PN skew is commonly referred to " sending the PN sequence offset ".In another embodiment, can come distinguishing based on the PN value of signal or any other attributes rather than the PN skew of signal modulation by the different signals that BTS sent.Yet, for the sake of simplicity, when describing disclosed method and apparatus, with reference to the PN skew.Yet, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that any other attributes (comprising specific PN sign indicating number) that can use signal or BTS be used to send on the mode of signal some other distinguish and replace the PN skew.
In one embodiment, can be in memory 234 with database storage.Yet, in another embodiment, can be with in the memory 206 among database storage and the MS 102.For this embodiment, MS 102 might be about the information of the BTS position that is used for the pilot tone with specific PN skew is positioned.This information can come from BSC/MSC, PDE or other positions.
Fig. 3 is the conceptual illustration of database, and this database illustrates with the form of table 300.Table 300 comprises a plurality of records 301,303,305.Each record 301,303,305 comprises that is used to store the crucial BTS data of crucial BTS data strip purpose clauses and subclauses 302.The data that are stored in each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 are relevant with specific " first service " BTS.First serving BTS is the BTS that MS 102 is registered to." registration " is meant the Network records that shows that MS 102 is communicating through specific BTS and network.Be registered at MS 102 under the situation of a plurality of BTS, first serving BTS can be the BTS that MS 102 therefrom receives peak signal, perhaps alternatively, can from all BTS that MS 102 is registered to, specify first serving BTS arbitrarily.
In one embodiment, each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 comprises at least two sub-fields.At this first son field 307 is called the PN data subfield.PN data subfield 307 comprises the PN data of the BTS 112,114,116,142 that is used for confirming that MS 102 is registered to, squints such as PN.Term " PN data " can be used for usually referring to such as following information: 1) be modulated to the skew of the beginning of the PN sign indicating number on the carrier signal of being sent by BTS; 2) be modulated to specific PN sign indicating number on the carrier signal of sending by BTS; Perhaps 3) be modulated to any other information on the carrier signal of sending by BTS, according to this information, can be with being distinguished from each other by the different signals that BTS sent, and no matter whether this information relevant with Pseudo-Random Noise Code.Yet, with for simplicity, use the PN skew to describe present disclosed method and apparatus as the PN data of this particular type for clear.
Therefore, in an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, the data that are stored in the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 comprise that the PN of the beginning of the PN sign indicating number that is modulated on the carrier signal of being sent by first serving BTS squints.For simple with for purpose of brevity, we only claim that " the PN skew of signal " rather than longer term " are modulated to the beginning PN skew of the PN sign indicating number on the signal ".Yet those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that the last term and the identical meaning of back one term.In addition, crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 comprise the position of first serving BTS.Though the information in the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 is relevant with first serving BTS usually, crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 can comprise the PN skew by the signal that BTS sent except that first serving BTS.For example, the PN skew can be associated with second serving BTS.
Second son field 309 is called serving BTS position son field.In the example shown in Fig. 3, serving BTS position son field 309 provides the position of first serving BTS.Can this position be provided as any specific form and/or can make positional information at least for confirming useful form by oneself purpose where of signal source that BTS sent.It is in order to use these signals to come confirming that the position that receives MS 102 provides auxiliary that this position is provided.Purpose for disclosed method and apparatus; Can use any means in the following method to confirm the position of MS 102: 1) time of advent method; 2) time of advent difference method, 3) arrive Angle Method, 4) triangulation method; 5) Trilateration methods, 6) can utilize any additive method about the knowledge of the position in the source of signal transmitted.
In addition, in certain embodiments, the information that identifies first serving BTS can also be included in the one or more additional son field (not shown) in the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302.In one embodiment, crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses can also comprise other data relevant with BTS.
Associated data clauses and subclauses be associated with each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 (promptly be contained in the record identical 301,303,305 in) with crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus,, a related neighbor list 311 is arranged for each crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302.Neighbor list 311 comprises two sub-fields.First son field is adjacent PN data subfield 313.Second sub-fields is an adjacent position son field 315.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, between the clauses and subclauses of the clauses and subclauses of adjacent PN data subfield 313 and adjacent position son field 315, there is one-to-one relationship.Adjacent PN data subfield 313 comprises the PN skew of the signal that is sent by adjacent BTS.Corresponding adjacent position son field 315 comprises the position of this adjacent BTS.For example, Fig. 3 shows the database with n adjacent BTS.Each adjacent BTS has corresponding adjacent PN data clauses and subclauses 317 and corresponding adjacent position clauses and subclauses 319 in database 300.Ellipsis is shown between the first adjacent PN data clauses and subclauses 317 adjacent PN data subfield clauses and subclauses 318 with n in Fig. 3 has n-2 additional PN data clauses and subclauses not illustrate significantly to show.Similarly, between adjacent position clauses and subclauses 319 and adjacent position data clauses and subclauses 320, ellipsis is shown.The first adjacent position son field clauses and subclauses 319 are stored in the squint BTS that sends signal and this BTS positioned of PN in the first adjacent PN data subfield clauses and subclauses 317 corresponding to utilization.N adjacent position data subfield clauses and subclauses 320 are stored in the squint BTS that sends signal and this BTS positioned of PN in the adjacent PN data subfield of the n clauses and subclauses 318 corresponding to utilization.
The associated data clauses and subclauses also comprise " can listen tabulation " 322, and this can listen specific first serving BTS that identifies in tabulation 322 and the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 in identical recordings 301,303,305 to be associated.Listened to tabulation shown in Fig. 3 322 comprises two sub-fields, has m clauses and subclauses in each son field.First son field is to listen PN data subfield 321.Can listen PN data subfield 321 to comprise and first can listen PN data subfield clauses and subclauses 325 with what ellipsis and i can listen that PN data subfield clauses and subclauses 327 separate.This ellipsis shows to listen and has m clauses and subclauses in the PN data subfield 321.
Second sub-fields is to listen position son field 323, comprises first entry 329, can listen PN data subfield clauses and subclauses 331 to separate first entry 329 and m with ellipsis, has m clauses and subclauses in the position son field 323 to show to listen.Can listen the data in the tabulation 322 that BTS can be positioned as: 1) sent the signal that provides the MS 102 of service to be received by this BTS by current, this BTS is corresponding to the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 in the identical recordings 301,303,305; And 2) not in neighbor list 311.
The associated data clauses and subclauses also comprise " keeping the BTS tabulation " 333.Keep BTS tabulation 333 and identified one group of BTS that maybe can not listen sign in the tabulation 322 at neighbor list 311.In addition; In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus; Keep in the BTS tabulation 333 in order to be listed in, BTS must be provided the MS 102 of service to detect by first serving BTS, and this first serving BTS is responsible for sending the signal that has in the skew of the PN shown in the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302.In a particular embodiment, all be regarded as any BTS in the system detectable potentially.In yet another embodiment, maybe can listen those BTS in the tabulation except that being listed in neighbor list, all BTS in the system are included in and keep in the tabulation.
Keep BTS tabulation 333 and comprise two sub-fields.First son field is to keep BTS PN son field 335.Second sub-fields is to keep BTS position son field 337.Keep BTS PN son field 335 and comprise a plurality of reservation BTS PN son field figure clauses and subclauses, in Fig. 3, between the first reservation BTS PN son field clauses and subclauses 339 and j reservation BTS PN son field clauses and subclauses 341, illustrate with ellipsis.Similarly, keep BTS position son field and comprise a plurality of reservation BT position son field clauses and subclauses, in Fig. 3, between the first reservation BTS position son field clauses and subclauses 343 and j reservation BTS position son field clauses and subclauses 345, illustrate with ellipsis.Each clauses and subclauses in the reservation BTS position son field 337 provide the position of the BTS that is sent in the PN sign indicating number shown in the respective entries that keeps BTS PN son field 335.
Though the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 shows and in each tabulation, only stores PN skew and BTS position; But neighbor list 311, can listen BTS tabulation 322 and keep that BTS tabulation 333 all can comprise PN skew, PN sign indicating number and/or about the combination in any of the data of other attributes; Other attributes are such as unique global identity symbol, geographical coordinate, elevation information, antenna range etc., and these attributes can be used for the purpose that the position is confirmed.Therefore, table 300 can optionally comprise additional field, and can Query Database or table, and perhaps table 300 can not comprise all fields shown here.For example, in one embodiment, can exist to comprise one or more independent database that keep tabulation.In the present embodiment, table 300 can comprise the field that the expectation that refers in the external data base keeps tabulation.In the present embodiment, PDE 130 (Fig. 2) or the processor that is arranged in another equipment are searched corresponding reservation BTS data at another database or table, rather than with this storage in field 333.Other servers the server in BSC/MSC 110 or BSC/MSC 140 can be safeguarded independent database and the information of being retrieved as required by PDE 130.In yet another embodiment, can be with being combined among the MS 102 by table 300 data represented storehouse.In the present embodiment, with the method for describing in detail, MS 102 can squint based on PN and identify BTS and give PDE 130 with this BTS position message, rather than only reports PN skew according to following.
Fig. 4 illustrates the flow chart that squints to confirm the method for BTS according to the PN by MS report.For example, this method can be used for the system 100 shown in Fig. 2.Though should be noted that this example illustrates disclosed method and apparatus and used the PN skew, also can adopt the fuzzy information of other forms of marking emitter.
This method starts from step 402, has wherein created the BTS database such as database 300.In step 404, obtain data from MS.Usually, MS can provide information when its position is confirmed in request.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, these data comprise unique global identity symbol of identification service BTS.This global identity symbol is included in to be modulated at by serving BTS and sends in the information on the signal of MS.Therefore, MS will receive and demodulation the global identity symbol that is modulated on the signal that is sent by serving BS.In addition, MS sends by PN i(i=1 ..., n) one group of PN skew of expression, wherein i is an index, a particular instance in n the instance of expression PN skew.Each instance of PN skew is associated with the BTS that MS therefrom receives signal.Value n is the number that MS therefrom receives the BTS of signal.These data are offered processor.Can processor be combined among PDE or the MS, in processor that is combined in Fig. 2 204 or processor 232.Processor is connected to database to receive and the storage data.
Then, this method advances to step 406.In step 406, processor is sought the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 with the unique ID that is complementary with the unique ID that obtains from MS in database 300.Then, this method advances to step 408.In step 408, come the count initialized device through setting index i=1.Then, this method advances to step 410.
In step 410, will have a PN skew PN by what MS received iThe intensity of signal compare with the threshold level (THRESH) of expectation.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, can be to think emission source (being BTS) close enough serving BTS and the required minimum signal rank of communication neighbours that is regarded as this serving BTS as the value of THRESH.A special parameter that comes in handy is TT_ADD.TT_ADD is the representative value of signal strength threshold T_ADD.Think in different systems or T_ADD can be different on the different positions, then TT_ADD has reduced the variation of T_ADD.In another embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, THRESH can be to the system of operation MS and the specific T _ ADD of position.In the case, can be stored in the field that is associated with the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302 of Fig. 3 as specific T _ ADD rank of THRESH.Alternatively, can THRESH be stored in the son field of crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302.If have the PN of equaling iThe signal strength signal intensity of signal of PN skew greater than THRESH, then this method advances to step 412.
In step 412, confirm in the neighbor list 311 corresponding to PN iClauses and subclauses.Deviant PN iShould appear in the neighbor list 311, reason is to have can regard as greater than the arbitrary signal of the intensity of THRESH to be derived from the zone that is associated with adjacent BTS.Therefore should not exist about any ambiguity of PN skew with the mapping of adjacent BTS.Yet, if in neighbor list 311, do not confirm PN iSkew is then sought PN from other tabulations in step 413 iSkew.If found PN iThe skew, then will with PN iThe information that is associated moves on to neighbor list 311.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, the information that will move comprises PN iSkew with therefrom send PN iThe position of BTS.
This method advances to step 428 from step 412, and this method is confirmed nearest PN in step 428 iWhether value is last value (being i=n) of consider.If answer is " being ", then this method advances to step 432, and it finishes this method.If answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 430, and wherein index " i " increases progressively, and returns step 410 subsequently.
If signal strength signal intensity is equal to or less than THRESH, then this method advances to step 414 from step 410.In step 414, search neighbor list 311 exists to PN determining whether iThe coupling of skew.Although signal strength signal intensity is lower than threshold level, if hindered by building or other barriers from the signal of adjacent BTS, then still this coupling might appear.If there is coupling, then this method advances to step 416.Otherwise this method advances to step 418 subsequently.Should be noted that PN iCan be higher relatively with clauses and subclauses 317,318 possibility that be complementary in the neighbor list 311, reason be MS 102 can therefrom receive a lot of BTS of signal all can be in neighbor list 311.Yet this has supposed that neighbor list 311 finished fully.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, from the report of MS neighbor list 311 is shown through collecting, these MS receive the signal that is higher than THRESH from BTS.
In step 416, because the signal rank is lower than threshold level, therefore to PN iOffset applications covers and phase test (CPT), to confirm PN iWhether corresponding to adjacent BTS.The reason of carrying out CPT is that two BTS might have identical PN iSkew.Thereby CPT confirm to have the signal of the specific PN deviant that in neighbor list 311, finds be really send by adjacent BTS or send by the far BTS that makes this BTS can be regarded as adjacent BTS of distance.The answer of this test shows for " being " and has confirmed PN iSkew is designated from adjacent BTS's by CPT clearly.If the answer in the step 416 is " being ", then this method advances to step 428.If answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 418.The CPT test below will be described in further detail.Therefore, for clarity sake, the further information about CPT no longer is provided this moment.
In step 418, search can listen tabulation 322 to exist to PN determining whether iThe coupling of skew.Below will describe in more detail, initial Audiotex is empty, and the operation of disclosed method makes these clauses and subclauses be filled.If the answer in the step 418 is " being ", then this method advances to step 420.If this answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 422.
In step 420, to PN iOffset applications CPT is to confirm the correct match in step 418.As stated, possibly find PN in formerly the step 418 iA plurality of couplings.Test result is represented this PN for " being " iSkew is confirmed by CPT clearly.If the answer in the step 420 is " being ", then method advances to step 428 further to handle, if answer is " denying ", then method advances to step 422.
In step 422, search keeps the BTS data and exists to PN determining whether iCoupling.If answer is " being ", then method advances to step 424, if answer is " denying " (not finding coupling), then method advances to step 427.
In step 420, to PN iOffset applications CPT is to carry out the affirmation of " correct sign is confirmed " to the coupling of in step 422, confirming.As stated, might find PN in formerly the step 422 iA plurality of couplings.In the case, the result of CPT test will confirm that which (if existence) coupling is correct.The answer of this test shows this PN of expression for " being " iSkew is confirmed by CPT clearly.If the answer in the step 424 is " being ", then this method advances to step 426.If answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 427, in step 427, marks PN with error flag iSkew.
In step 426, will be to current PN iThe data of the reservation BTS that squints and confirm are added to can listen tabulation 322.In can listening tabulation 322, add data and realized that the sign of BTS is so that search in the future.In can listening tabulation 322, add the efficient that this process of data has also improved search procedure.This is to have constituted much larger than the data acquisition system that can listen tabulation 322 because keep BTS tabulation 333.Can listen tabulation 322 through new BTS is added to, can identify this new BTS in the future, and need not search for bigger reservation BTS tabulation 333.Therefore, in an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, add data to database and reduced search time.The specific collection of the BTS that can hear might change in time.Therefore, in an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, the BTS that does not have detection and report is recently removed from can listen tabulation 322.Removing BTS has improved search efficiency and/or has reduced storage requirement.
For example, can be when detecting these BTS by MS realize determining when at every turn and shift out BTS that the serving BTS that this MS is known by the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses acceptance of the bid in being stored in the same record that can listen tabulation 322 provides service with the time stamp clauses and subclauses.Then, if MS has predetermined a period of time not detect these BTS, then with these clauses and subclauses deletions.The position that alternatively, can place the tabulation top to revise listened to the BTS clauses and subclauses of tabulation through the BTS that will delete recently.By this way, not having detected BTS just to move on to recently tabulates negative and becomes the clauses and subclauses that can delete.Can also adopt the combination of these two kinds of methods.This method advances to step 428 from step 426.
In step 427, processor through error flag or some other notification message person that comes the notifying operation corresponding to current PN iThe BTS of skew is not by the search procedure uniquely identified.This error flag is reminded the operator, so that can take correct operation.Especially, if can not identify PN uniquely iSkew then should be with this PN iSkew is used for location estimation and calculates.This method advances to step 428 from step 427.
As stated, in step 428, i tests to the data index, to determine whether to assess all PN iSkew.If answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 430, and index i increases progressively in step 430.Identify next PN through search database as stated iSkew.If answer is " being ", then this method advances to step 432 and processing end.
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b comprise the overall flow figure of another operation that the system (such as the system 100 of Fig. 2) that is used for coming BTS is positioned based on the data that receive from MS is shown.This method starts from step 502, wherein creates the database such as database 300.In step 504, obtain data from asking the MS that confirms its position.These data are offered processor, can processor be combined among PDE or the MS.From asking the MS that confirms its position to obtain data and data are offered processor.Can processor be combined among PDE or the MS.Processor is operably connected to database with reception and storage data, and this processor can be implemented as such as the processor 204 of Fig. 2 or the processor the processor 232.These data comprise the global identity symbol (GI of at least one the BTS signal that is received by MS 0), and be used to assess by MS provided each receive the PN of signal iSkew (i=1 ..., n), wherein n is the number of the BTS signal that is used to assess that provided by MS.Then, this method advances to step 506.In step 506, processor is sought corresponding to GI in database 0Crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses.This method advances to step 508.In step 508, come the count initialized device through setting index i=1, and this method advances to step 510.
In step 510, will have PN skew PN iSignal (hereinafter be called and " have PN iSignal ") signal strength signal intensity compare with signal strength threshold rank THRESH.If have PN iThe signal strength signal intensity of signal greater than THRESH, then this method advances to step 512.In step 512, with this PN iBe referred to " candidate list ", be called PN cData, and this method advances to step 516.In step 516, i tests to index, to determine whether to all PN i(i equals 1 to n) sorts out.If answer is " being ", then this method advances to step 520, if answer is " denying ", advances to step 518.In step 518, index i increases progressively.Then, this method is returned step 510 and is repeated this classification process as stated.
If signal strength signal intensity is less than or equal to THRESH in step 510, then this method advances to step 514.In step 514, with PN iStore in " unknown tabulation " and (be called PN u) and this method advance to step 516.When the classification process of being realized by step 510,512,514,516 and 518 is accomplished, clauses and subclauses PN iTo be classified into two set PN c(c=1, c Max) or PN u(u=1, u Max) one of in, c wherein Max+ u Max=n.
In step 520, with PN cAll data in the data all are assumed in neighbor list 311.This supposition is normally effective, and reason is that arbitrary signal that signal strength signal intensity surpasses THRESH can be assumed to and is derived from the close geographic area that is associated with adjacent BTS.Therefore, do not exist about any ambiguity of PN skew with the BTS sign of adjacent BTS.Then, this method advances to step 524 (Fig. 6) via flow process connector 522.
In step 524 (Fig. 6), come initialization index " u " through setting u=1.Then, this method advances to step 526.In step 526, search neighbor list 311 exists to PN determining whether uThe coupling of data.For example, when being hindered by building or other barriers, this coupling might occur, make signal strength signal intensity drop to below the THRESH from the signal of adjacent BTS.If in step 526, find coupling, then this method advances to step 528.In step 528, CPT is applied to PN uData.The answer of this test shows PN for " being " uIdentify clearly by CPT.Therefore, if the answer in the step 528 is " being ", then this method begins to advance from step 540.In step 540, u tests to index, to determine whether to assess all PN uSkew.Said as above refer step 510,512,514,516 and 518, with PN i(i=1, n) clauses and subclauses in the tabulation store set PN into c(c=1, c Max) or PN u(u=1, u Max) in, c wherein Max+ u Max=n.If the answer in the step 540 is " denying ", then this method advances to step 542, and index u increases progressively in step 542, and identifies next PN through search database as stated uSkew.If the answer in the step 540 is " being ", then this method advances to step 544 and processing end.
Return step 526, if the answer of step 526 is " denying ", then this method advances to step 530.Similarly, if the answer in the step 528 is " denying ", then this method advances to step 530.In step 530, search can listen the BTS data to exist to PN determining whether uThe coupling of measured value.If the answer in the step 530 is " being " (finding coupling), then this method advances to step 532.In step 532, to PN uData are used CPT, to carry out the affirmation of " correct sign is confirmed " to the coupling of during step 530, confirming.The answer of this test has identified PN for " being " shows by CPT clearly iSkew.If the answer in the step 532 is " being ", then this method advances to step 540 so that the further processing that is described below.If answer is " denying ", then this method advances to step 534.Return step 530, if answer is " denying " (not finding coupling), then this method advances to step 534.
In step 534, search keeps BTS tabulation 333 and exists to PN determining whether uThe coupling of measured value.If the coupling of finding, then this method advances to step 536.In step 536, to PN uOffset applications CPT is to carry out the affirmation of " correct sign is confirmed " to the coupling of in step 534, confirming.The result of CPT test will confirm that which (if existence) coupling is correct.The answer of this test has identified PN for " being " shows by CPT clearly iSkew.If the answer in the step 536 is " being ", then this method advances to step 538.In step 538, will be to current PN uThe skew of the reservation BTS that squints and confirm is added to can listen tabulation 322.Then, this method advances to step 540 so that the further processing that is described below.
Return step 534, if answer is " denying " then this method advances to step 539.Similarly, if the answer in the step 536 is " denying ", then this method advances to step 539.In step 539, processor through the error flag person that comes the notifying operation corresponding to current PN uThe BTS of skew is not by the search procedure uniquely identified.Then, this method advances to step 540 and advances as described above.
Abovely can come executable operations to realize according to the software that is stored in the memory (such as memory 234) through the processor among the PDE (such as PDE 130 (Fig. 2)) that adopts processor (such as processor 232) with reference to figure 4, Fig. 5 a and the described step of Fig. 5 b.
As stated, in substituting embodiment, database can be arranged in MS rather than PDE.In this substituting embodiment, the said method step can realize through processor and memory (such as memory 206) among the MS (such as MS 102) that adopts processor (such as processor 204).In the present embodiment, MS gives PDE rather than report PN skew with the BTS Identify Report, confirms that therefore the BTS sign is not need PDE's.
As stated; CPT is used for from being stored in adjacent position son field 315, can listening position son field 323 or keeping the correct clauses and subclauses of clauses and subclauses selection in the BTS position son field 337, and these son fields are stored in the location entries in the record that is associated with crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses 302.Need not know specific names or other identification informations, such as the SID/NID/BaselD of BTS.Importantly correctly select the correct clauses and subclauses in the database 300.This is important, and reason is in order correctly the source by the signal that MS received to be positioned.In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, the relative time of advent of these signals and the position of therefrom sending the BTS of signal have been used, to confirm the position of MS.
In the instance of disclosed CPT, if first serving BTS is positioned at washingtonian Seattle, then MS 102 must be positioned at its enough near position to communicate with this first serving BTS.Therefore, MS 102 must be in the Seattle or near the Seattle.In addition, MS therefrom receive each other BTS of signal must be enough near this MS, so that this MS can receive these signals.
Fig. 7 shows system 700.System 700 comprises CPU 702,7 memories 704, transceiver 712 (comprising transmitter 708, receiver 710), signal analyzer 720, statistical model 722 and timer 724.System 700 carries out statistical analysis based on first serving BTS and by the lap of the overlay area between the BTS of one group of particular items representative of database 300.This geographic area is analyzed, and can to assist the particular B TS that confirms by one group of clauses and subclauses representative be the possibility in the source of the signal that received by MS.In case confirmed this possibility, CPT just output about signal that MS received whether from this particular B TS judged result.System 700 can also use relative phase to measure the excute phase Measurement and analysis.Below will describe in more detail and cover overlapping and relative phase measurement processing.
System 700 has the information about one or more candidate BTS, comprises PN skew, BAND CLASS and the frequency of the signal that is received by MS 102.System 700 can be limited to the BTS near the overlay area of first serving BTS with candidate list.Can come this overlay area of refinement based on the sign of before having confirmed as any other BTS that sent the signal that is received by MS 102.When having identified the clauses and subclauses that are associated with a BTS uniquely, can come to identify uniquely from therefrom receiving the clauses and subclauses of the database 300 that other BTS of signal are associated with this information with MS 102.Along with increasing clauses and subclauses are identified, provide more information helping the other clauses and subclauses of sign to system 700, thereby and the reservation BTS that MS 102 has therefrom received signal positioned.
In some cases, above-mentioned geographic area is analyzed might be enough to uniquely the BTS that therefrom sends the signal that is associated with specific PN skew positioned.For example, might have only a BTS by specific PN skew representative, this BTS be positioned at first serving BTS near.As stated, a BTS who uniquely MS 102 is therefrom received signal positions and can provide more data to position with the other BTS that MS 102 has therefrom been received signal.
The one dimension probability calculation adopts Gaussian distribution to carry out can be simple relatively.HEPE (horizontal estimated site error) is based on a supposition, and the density distribution of promptly monitoring the MS of BTS is the two-dimentional Gaussian distribution of center at the center of BTS overlay area.System 700 can be in two dimensions calculating probability with the position that adapts to MS 102 in variation on the North and South direction and the variation on the east-west direction.For adapting to this two-dimentional probability, " horizontal estimated site error " (HEPE) value is calculated based on the possible error on the both direction by system 700.In one example, with the HEPE value of known coverage area be calculated as error estimate on each direction in this both direction square root sum square.If supposition MS 102 is positioned at 1 σ (one sigma) (i.e. standard deviation) of average of the Gaussian distribution of MS position, then the HEPE value can be expressed from the next:
HEPE = σ N 2 + σ E 2 - - - ( 1 )
σ wherein N 2 Expression MS 1 σ error and the σ of position on North and South direction E 2The 1 σ error of expression MS position on North and South direction.Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, because the overlay area is regarded as a circle, so the HEPE value represents a foursquare diagonal, and the length on this foursquare limit equals this radius of a circle.Fig. 8 shows the overlay area 850 of first serving BTS.The HEPE value that is associated with zone 850 shown in Fig. 8 is r 1
Because known MS 102 is in the overlay area of first serving BTS, therefore the overlay area of first serving BTS can be called " known region " 850.In addition, known region 850 can comprise the common factor of overlay area of overlay area and other BTS of first serving BTS.Therefore, if therefrom receiving the available additional information of other BTS of signal relevant for known MS 102, then known region 850 can be less than the overlay area of first serving BTS.
Also show the overlay area that MS 102 might therefrom receive three BTS of signal among Fig. 8, based on the fact be that each BTS has identical PN skew 25 (i.e. 25 * 64 chips).Overlay area 852 can be not overlapping with zone 850 with overlay area 856.On the contrary, between overlay area 850 and overlay area 854, have corresponding to PN 25 candidates 2 overlapping.In Fig. 8 with the value r 2PN 25 candidates' 21 σ value is shown.Value r 1And r 2Be illustrated in the tolerance that to use when confirming overlay area 850 about the relative size of candidate overlay area 854.In Fig. 8, the distance between the center of center and candidate overlay area 854 of overlay area 850 is shown with reference number D.
The relative size that the statistical model 722 (referring to Fig. 7) of system 700 uses the overlay area and the distance B that separates the center, overlay area are come the measured value of calculating coverage area based separation.This separation can be expressed from the next:
Separation → D r 1 2 + r 2 2 - - - ( 2 )
Wherein all items all defined in front.Can carry out the normal distribution statistical estimation to the item in the formula (2), to generate the probability measured value of the separation between overlay area 850 and the overlay area 854.
Adopt following formula to calculate normal distribution sometimes:
ND ( x ) = 1 2 π e - x 2 2 - - - ( 3 )
Wherein x is a numerical value, the amount of the separation that complete overlapping situation is opposite between representative and overlay area 850 and the overlay area 854.In one embodiment, will be worth x and be chosen as the segregative line numerical value that obtains from formula (2).Can this formula be simplified as follows:
ND ( x ) ≅ e - x 2 2 - - - ( 4 )
Wherein all items all defined in front.
As an example of the application of above-mentioned statistical model 722, consideration value r 1And r 2Be respectively 2.0 and 1.0, distance B is 1.1 simultaneously.Note, can measure these distances with unit (such as km or mile) easily.The result that these value substitution formulas (2) are obtained is that separation is 0.49.In formula (4), replace x to obtain result 0.886 with this value.This is illustrated in, and complete overlapping probability is 88.6% between overlay area 850 and the overlay area 854.Notice that the overlapping result who obtains is 1.0 fully.
On the contrary, when the distance B between the center of the center of overlay area 852 and overlay area 850 is 4.0,1 σ value r of overlay area 852 2Equal 1.5.These values are applied to formula (2) obtain result 1.6.Should obtain result 0.278 in the value substitution formula (4), this is illustrated in, and complete overlapping probability is 27.8% between overlay area 850 and the overlay area 852.Therefore; Can find out, be that this signal of the likelihood ratio that BTS sent by the center that is positioned at overlay area 854 is by the probability that BTS sent at the center that is positioned at overlay area 856 or overlay area 852 bigger (promptly having higher possibility) by the signal that MS received.
System 700 can only analyze based on the geographic area and remove BTS.Yet those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, by the signal that MS received certain probability being arranged is that BTS by the center that is positioned at overlay area 852 or overlay area 856 sends, though this likelihood ratio is less.Therefore, in an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, if the probability that employing formula (4) is calculated differs 10 times, then system 700 can only remove a candidate.That is to say that only other candidate just can only remove a candidate based on covering area overlapping when at least 10 times possibility is arranged is detected BTS when some.In above-mentioned example, it is by MS 102 detected BTS that candidate 2 has the possibility of being a bit larger tham three times with respect to candidate 1.Therefore, system 700 will carry out additional analysis and come to identify uniquely candidate BTS.
In one embodiment, if the result of formula (2) less than 8, then system 700 can adopt formula (4) to analyze candidate BTS arbitrarily.Even the first step of this analysis has been guaranteed the candidate with low-down covering overlapping possibility and also can have been adopted formula (4) to analyze.If the amount of 1 σ distance in the formula (2) equals 8, the probability that then adopts formula (4) to obtain can be very little.Because actual cause, system 700 will be removed the overlapping any candidate with so big value of its 1 σ.This might occur under the very big situation of the distance of overlay area of the overlay area that separates candidate BTS and first serving BTS usually.For example, if overlay area 850 in washingtonian Seattle and another BTS in San Francisco of Gary Fu Niya, can ignore the probability that receives signal from the BTS in San Francisco very greatly to such an extent as to then separate the distance B of these two BTS.
Except that the overlapping analysis of above-mentioned overlay area, system 700 adopts the relative phase model to come further to reduce the tabulation of candidate BTS.Term " relative phase " is used to represent known BTS and with reference to the difference between the measured value phase place between the BTS.Should " relative phase " (after regulating, comprising the PN skew) to known deviation should approximate from known BTS to MS 102 distance and the difference 102 the distance from candidate BTS to MS.As stated, each BTS sends identical PN sequence, but has known time delay or PN skew.When two candidate BTS have identical PN skew, MS 102 will detect this signal to the distance of MS 102 based on candidate BTS on different time (phase deviation).In one example, known MS 102 is in the overlay area of first serving BTS 112.If two candidate BTS also in this overlay area, then can remove a candidate BTS based on the relative phase of expression propagation delay.For example, if candidate BTS with reference in two miles of BTS and another candidate BTS in the place of 20 miles of distance first serving BTS, then the relative phase between these two candidate BTS can be used to remove a candidate BTS usually.
In one embodiment, statistical model 722 (referring to Fig. 7) adopts following two difference relative phase models (double-difference relative phase model):
ND([(dK-dCi)-(pK-pC)]/SC)(5)
Wherein dK be from the combination overlay area (be the combination overlay area of candidate BTS and first serving BTS or another BTS; Definite its position) center is to the distance of known BTS; DCi is the distance from combination center, overlay area to i candidate BTS; PK is the phase measurement of known BTS, and pC is the phase measurement to candidate BTS, and SC is based on two sizes that differ from phase errors of the expectation of this combination overlay area.Term " two poor " is meant the statistical computation (being that range difference deducts phase difference) based on two difference measured values.
The combination overlay area is the probability measured value of the combination overlay area of known BTS and candidate BTS.The details of the measured value of combination overlay area below will be provided.With the relative phase model be used for confirming by the measured phase delay of MS 102 whether with known BTS and candidate BTS between apart from consistent.Known as stated BTS can be first serving BTS or uniquely any other of sign measure BTS.
Above-mentioned example is a kind of technology that can be used for confirming this relative phase difference.Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, can adopt other technologies to confirm this phase difference.The present invention is not limited to confirm relative phase difference with above-mentioned particular analysis.
The calculating of relative phase has been shown among Fig. 9, has wherein made up the approximate center of overlay area 960 and represent with reference number 964.Apart from dK is the distance between combination 960 centers 964, overlay area and the known BTS 966.As stated, known BTS 966 can be first serving BTS or arbitrarily other uniquely the sign BTS.
Candidate BTS 968 has overlay area 962, in this example overlay area 962 is modeled as a circle.As shown in Figure 9, candidate BTS 968 is not positioned at the center of candidate overlay area 962.This is because typical B TS is not the BTS of omnidirectional, but is divided into this fact of a plurality of sectors.The sector can be modeled as the pie sector by system 700.Yet owing to back scattering (back scatter) and reflection building, physical relief and other reflected by objects from antenna, modeling is normally inaccurate like this.Therefore, can candidate overlay area 962 be modeled as a circle.Similarly, for above-mentioned reasons, known BTS 966 is not arranged in the center (not shown at Fig. 9) of known coverage area usually.
The overlay area of each BTS (or each cell sector) be confirm when mounted and be known.Can come the combination overlay area of the overlay area of the known BTS 966 of represents and candidate BTS 968 linearly through the overlapping region of calculating circular coverage area.Alternatively, can come the calculation combination overlay area through weighting is carried out in the overlay area.Confirming of combination overlay area below will be described in more detail.
When Installation And Calibration BTS, confirm combination overlay area 960 based on the overlay area of being shone upon.Combination overlay area 960 is probability Estimation values of the overlay area of known BTS 966 and candidate BTS 968.As stated, the two-dimensional position error that is called the HEPE value provides the tolerance of the statistics uncertainty when measuring combination overlay area 960.In system 700, cover and represented 1 σ uncertainty of relative phase based on the HEPE value apart from SC.
Use d iRepresent to make up the distance between the center 964 to candidate BTS 968 of overlay area 960.Adopt telecommunication standard IS-801, phase measurement p KAnd p cMeasure and be provided for BTS by MS 102.
As stated, relative phase difference that system 700 can calculation expectation and the phase difference that will expect are compared with the distance measure of reality.System 700 can be applied to the calculated candidate BTS probability consistent with phase place and distance measure with normal distribution formula (4).If system 700 detects a plurality of candidate BTS (having identical PN), then can remove one or more candidate BTS based on relative phase difference.That is to say that given known BTS is to the position at the center 964 of combination overlay area 960, the phase difference of candidate BTS must be able to meet the distance of candidate BTS to the center of combination overlay area.Inconsistent candidate BTS will can be as the source of the signal that is received by MS 102.
Equally, the relative phase model is applied to other candidate BTS.For example, Fig. 8 shows three candidates, and it all has identical PN 25 skews.According to the probability that calculates to each candidate BTS above-mentioned analytic process is applied to each candidate BTS (for example sending the BTS at center of the circle that is arranged in Fig. 8 850,852,854 of PN 25).As stated, if the covering area overlapping as many as of the BTS that the covering overlap ratio of another BTS will be removed lacks 10 times possibility, then can only remove candidate BTS based on the covering area overlapping model.Similarly, if the phase difference probability as many as of the BTS that the phase difference likelihood ratio of another BTS will be removed lacks 10 times possibility, then can only remove specific candidate BTS based on the covering area overlapping model.This process has guaranteed that the candidate BTS with low probability will be removed, and has kept removing the lower possibility of wrong BTS simultaneously.
Can make up the probability of covering area overlapping model and relative phase model to remove candidate BTS.In one example, the probability of covering area overlapping model multiply by the probability of relative phase model.The combination of these probability is used for further removing unlikely BTS from candidate collection.If the possibility that the covering area overlapping probability as many as of the BTS that the combined probability overlap ratio of another BTS will be removed is few 10 times then can be removed candidate BTS based on the probabilistic model of combination.
Except that above-mentioned analysis, system 700 can also adopt signal strength signal intensity and cell sector overlay model to come to identify uniquely candidate BTS.As stated, typical B TS has a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of antenna element, each transmitter and antenna element all is oriented in the sector operates.In typical embodiment, BTS can have three sectors, can each sector be regarded as an independently BTS.The overlay area of typical sector can have the overlay area of pie.
Scale factor can be calculated based on signal strength signal intensity by system 700.A kind of tolerance that receives signal strength signal intensity is Ec/Io, and it is the pilot energy of on a PN chip period (being Ec), the being accumulated tolerance than total power spectral density (being Io).Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that system 700 can use other power measurement values equally.System 700 specifies scale factor based on the power that receives signal.If receive signal strength signal intensity relatively a little less than, then MS 102 might be positioned at the zone with respect to the relative broad of BTS.In the case, can come circular coverage area is expanded, to produce bigger circular coverage area with a certain scale factor.On the contrary, if because MS more likely approaches BTS, it is stronger to receive signal strength signal intensity, and then system 700 might reduce the overlay area.
In an embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, system 700 can use scale factor 0.9 and can use scale factor 1.1 to more weak signal (being lower than thresholding) stronger signal (signal that promptly is higher than thresholding).In simple calculating,, can the overlay area of single known BTS be designated known region for the covering area overlapping model.Similarly, can combine single candidate BTS to use single known BTS, be used for the combination overlay area of relative phase model with generation.Yet system 700 can also be suitable for the calculating to known region or combination overlay area, and this combination overlay area might obtain through mixing from the overlay area of a plurality of sub-districts.Can making up perhaps to these sub-districts with linear mode, these sub-districts can comprise weighting.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, can adopt the computer-readable medium of the method step of any embodiment that is embodied in this description effectively according to this specification.This medium can comprise and be not limited to RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM etc.Disclosure file comprises that also the method step with any previous embodiment comprehensively is the Digital Logic in the integrated circuit; Such as field programmable gate array; Or programmable logic array, maybe can make or be revised as other integrated circuits of concrete realization computer program instructions.
According to this specification, MS 102 can comprise and be not limited to radio telephone, have wireless communication ability personal digital assistant, have the notebook of wireless communication ability or be used for carrying out any other mobile digital equipment of personal communication via wireless connections.
A plurality of embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus have been described.Yet, should be appreciated that and can carry out various modifications disclosed method and apparatus.For example, can in the combination of software implementation example or hardware embodiment or hardware embodiment and software implementation example, carry out these methods.As another example, should be appreciated that in general, as the part of a module and the function of describing can in another module, carry out with being equal to.As another example, can carry out with different orders usually with operation with the step that specific order illustrates or describes.In another example, disclosed method and apparatus has been described with reference to the example of PN skew.Yet those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that disclosed method and apparatus can adopt other forms of fuzzy transmitter identification information.
Therefore, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the specific shown embodiment of disclosed method and apparatus, but only be defined by the following claims invention scope.

Claims (17)

1. the method in the geographical position of a transmitter that is used for confirming the signal that received by travelling carriage comprises:
A) receive first signal, said fuzzy two or more transmitters of identification data sign with fuzzy identification data;
B) in neighbor list, search with said first signal in the data that are complementary of the said fuzzy identification data that provided;
C) confirm that first signal is whether on thresholding; And
D) if said first signal on said thresholding, then the position data that is associated with matched data in the said neighbor list of basis is confirmed the geographical position of said transmitter.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein:
If a) said first signal is not on said thresholding, confirm that then the transmitter that is associated with said matched data is to have sent said first signal really; And
B) if the transmitter that is associated with said matched data is to have sent said first signal really, then confirm the geographical position of said transmitter according to the data that are associated with said matched data in the said neighbor list.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein:
If a)
I) data in the said neighbor list all do not match; Perhaps
The transmitter that ii) is associated with matched data all can not be the transmitter that sends said first signal;
Then search listened to the tabulation that has before received all transmitters of the secondary signal that joins with said first signal correction from it;
B) if the fuzzy identification data in said first signal be complementary with said data of listening at least one transmitter in the tabulation to be associated, then from listened to tabulation that matched data is associated transmitter in confirm that most possible transmitter is the source of said first signal; And
C) listen the data in the tabulation to confirm and said geographical position of listening the said most possible transmitter in the tabulation to be associated according to said.
4. the method for the position of a transmitter that is used for confirming the signal that received by travelling carriage comprises:
Whether a) search neighbor list can be provided by the candidate transmitter in the said neighbor list with the position of confirming said transmitter; And if the position of said transmitter can provide by the candidate transmitter in the said neighbor list, confirm that then said candidate transmitter is to have sent the signal that is received by travelling carriage really;
B), then search listened to the tabulation of therefrom sending all transmitters of the previous signal that receives if all candidate transmitter on the said neighbor list are not all sent the said signal that is received by travelling carriage really;
C), confirm that then it possibly be the source of the said signal that is received by travelling carriage that this candidate transmitter has much if said to listen at least one transmitter in the tabulation be the candidate transmitter in the source of the said signal that is received by travelling carriage; And
D) if saidly listen the said candidate transmitter in the tabulation to send the said signal that receives by travelling carriage really; Think that then this transmitter is the source of the said signal that is received by travelling carriage; Thereby and confirm that based on a database position of said transmitter, said database comprise and data clauses and subclauses on said neighbor list and that be associated in the said candidate transmitter that can listen in the tabulation.
5. method that is used for confirming the position of base station transceiver BTS comprises:
A) in mobile station MS, receive first signal from first serving BTS;
B) in said MS, receive secondary signal from the 2nd BTS, said secondary signal has the fuzzy data about the sign of said the 2nd BTS, said fuzzy data be from least one BTS send but the data that not necessarily can be received by said MS;
C) search neighbor list with the BTS that is less than whole BTS that might send said first signal; With confirm said fuzzy data whether with said neighbor list in the data that are associated with at least one BTS be complementary, confirm the position of said at least one BTS according to the data in the said neighbor list;
D) if the Data Matching that is associated with at least one BTS in said fuzzy data and the said neighbor list confirms that then the BTS that is associated with matched data has most possibly sent said secondary signal; And
E) if said fuzzy data not with said neighbor list in the data that are associated with any BTS be complementary; Or the BTS that is associated with matched data can not send said secondary signal, then searches listened to the tabulation that comprises all BTS that therefrom send before the signal that is received by the MS that communicates with said first serving BTS;
F) if saidly listen data that are associated with at least one BTS and said fuzzy data in the tabulation to be complementary, then from those BTS that said matched data is associated confirm most possibly to have sent the BTS of said secondary signal;
G) according to said position of listening data in the tabulation to confirm most possibly to have sent the transmitter of said fuzzy data.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein said to listen the data in the tabulation are the positions of most possibly having sent the transmitter of said fuzzy data.
7. method according to claim 5, wherein said to listen data in the tabulation are the links of memory of position of most possibly having sent the transmitter of said fuzzy data to storage.
8. method that is used for confirming the position of base station transceiver BTS comprises:
A) in mobile station MS, receive first signal from first serving BTS;
B) reception is from the secondary signal of the 2nd BTS in said MS, and said secondary signal has first data about the sign of said the 2nd BTS;
C) search neighbor list with the BTS that is less than whole BTS that might send the secondary signal that is received; With confirm said first data whether with said neighbor list in the 2nd PN data be complementary, wherein said neighbor list comprises two PN data relevant with the identity of wherein BTS and the 3rd data of being correlated with the position of wherein BTS;
D) if said first data are complementary with the 2nd PN data that are associated with a BTS in the said neighbor list, then confirm the position of the BTS in the said neighbor list according to the 3rd data in the said neighbor list; And
E) if said first data not with said neighbor list in the 2nd PN data that are associated with any BTS be complementary; Then search listened to the tabulation that comprises all transmitters that send before the signal that receives by the MS that communicates with said first serving BTS, wherein saidly listen tabulation to comprise four PN data relevant and the 5th data of being correlated with the position of wherein BTS with the identity of wherein BTS;
F), then from the BTS that the 4th PN data with coupling are associated, confirm the position of the transmitter of said secondary signal according to said the 5th data of listening the 4th PN data in the tabulation to be associated with coupling if saidly listen the 4th PN data that are associated with a BTS and said first data in the tabulation to be complementary.
9. method that is used for confirming the position of base station transceiver BTS comprises:
A) from mobile station MS, receive the BTS data, said BTS data comprise:
I) with first serving BTS associated unique identification symbol;
Ii) therefrom receive PN (pseudo noise) data that the non-serving BTS of signal is associated with said MS; And
Iii) to the indication of said MS from the signal strength signal intensity of the signal of non-serving BTS reception;
B) seek coupling between the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses in unique identifier that is received and database;
C) in case obtain coupling, the BTS data that received of inspection just, with confirm by a signal strength signal intensity of the non-serving BTS signal that said MS was reported whether greater than with the thresholding that is associated by first serving BTS that unique identifier was identified in the said database;
D) if said MS therefrom receives the signal strength signal intensity of the signal that the non-serving BTS of related PN data sends greater than said thresholding; Then through to receive the PN data that signal correction joins and mate to confirm said non-serving BTS position; The intensity of said reception signal is greater than said thresholding, and the PN data that said reception signal is had are from the neighbor list that is associated with the crucial BTS data clauses and subclauses of said coupling;
E) be not more than said thresholding if said MS therefrom receives the signal strength signal intensity of the signal that the non-serving BTS of related PN data sends, confirm that then the non-serving BTS by said PN data indication in the clauses and subclauses in the said neighbor list is the possibility in source that is lower than the signal of said thresholding by the signal strength signal intensity that said MS receives from a non-serving BTS;
F) if confirm that this non-serving BTS by said PN data indication is the source that is lower than the signal of said thresholding by the signal strength signal intensity that said MS receives from a non-serving BTS, then confirm the position of this non-serving BTS according to the data in the said neighbor list.
10. method that is used to create the database that is used for confirming base station transceiver BTS position comprises:
A) from mobile station MS, receive the BTS data, said BTS data comprise:
I) with first serving BTS associated unique identification symbol;
The PN data that ii) are associated with said MS received signal; And
Iii) to the indication of said MS from the signal strength signal intensity of the signal of non-serving BTS reception;
B) the crucial BTS data strip in unique identifier that is received and database between seek coupling;
C) in case obtain coupling, the BTS data that received of inspection just, with the intensity of at least one signal of confirming to receive from non-serving BTS by said MS whether greater than with the thresholding that is associated by first serving BTS that unique identifier was identified the said database;
D) if the intensity of at least one signal greater than said thresholding, then determines whether in said database, to have created neighbor list; And
E), then in said database, create neighbor list and interpolation and the clauses and subclauses of signal strength signal intensity greater than the said PN data of each signal correction couplet of said thresholding if also do not create neighbor list.
11. a method that is used for confirming base station transceiver BTS position comprises:
A) from mobile station MS, receive the BTS data, said BTS data comprise:
I) at least one global identity symbol;
Ii) at least one the pseudo noise PN by the signal that said MS received squints;
The signal strength signal intensity that iii) has at least one signal of the PN skew that is received;
B) if be higher than predetermined threshold, then this PN skew is categorized in the candidate list by the intensity that said MS received and have the signal of PN skew; And
C) each the PN skew that determines whether said candidate list is all on neighbor list; Said neighbor list comprises the position that is associated with each PN skew; And the position of confirming in said neighbor list, to find that is associated with each PN skew, the said position that is associated are the positions in source with said signal of this PN skew.
12. method according to claim 11 also comprises:
If the intensity that a) has a said signal of PN skew is not higher than predetermined threshold, then said PN skew is categorized in the unknown tabulation;
B) all on neighbor list, said neighbor list comprises the position that is associated with each PN skew in each PN skew that determines whether said unknown tabulation;
C) each PN skew that detects whether said unknown tabulation clearly with said neighbor list in the PN skew be associated; And
D) association clearly if at least one PN has squinted, then definite position that is associated with the clear and definite related PN skew of in said neighbor list, finding, the said position that is associated are the positions with source of the said signal of this PN skew.
13. the method for the position of a transmitter that is used for confirming the signal that received by travelling carriage comprises:
Reception is about the fuzzy identification data by the source of the signal that mobile station MS received;
Reception is about the data by the intensity of the signal that said MS received;
In neighbor list, search the data that are complementary with said fuzzy identification data;
Confirm that said intensity by the signal that said MS received is whether on thresholding; And
If said intensity by the signal that said MS received is finding coupling on the said thresholding and in said neighbor list, then the position data that is associated with matched data in the said neighbor list of basis is confirmed the position of the transmitter of said signal.
14. method according to claim 13 also comprises:
If said by signal that said MS received not on said thresholding, then confirm the said transmitter that is associated with said matched data be really sent said by signal that said MS received; And
If the said transmitter that is associated with said matched data is to have sent saidly by the signal that said MS received really, then confirm the position of said transmitter according to the data that are associated with said matched data in the said neighbor list.
15. method according to claim 14 also comprises:
If
I) data in the said neighbor list all do not match; Perhaps
The transmitter that ii) is associated with matched data all can not be to send said transmitter by the signal that said MS received;
Then search listened to the tabulation of all transmitters that send the previous signal that receives;
If the fuzzy identification data of said reception be complementary with said data of listening at least one transmitter in the tabulation to be associated, then from listened to tabulation that matched data is associated transmitter in confirm that most possible transmitter is the source of said reception signal; And
Listen the data in the tabulation to confirm and said position of listening the said most possible transmitter in the tabulation to be associated according to said.
16. the equipment of the position of a transmitter that is used for confirming the signal that received by travelling carriage comprises:
Be used to receive about device by the fuzzy identification data in the source of the signal that mobile station MS received;
Be used to receive about device by the data of the intensity of the signal that said MS received;
Be used for searching the device of the data that are complementary with said fuzzy identification data at neighbor list;
Be used for confirming the whether device on thresholding of said intensity by the signal that said MS received; And
On said thresholding and at said neighbor list, find coupling if be used for said intensity by the signal that said MS received, then the position data that is associated with matched data in the said neighbor list of basis is confirmed the device of position of the transmitter of said signal.
17. the equipment of the position of a transmitter that is used for confirming the signal that received by travelling carriage comprises:
Whether be used for searching neighbor list can be provided by the candidate transmitter of said neighbor list with the position of confirming said transmitter; And if the position of said transmitter can provide by the candidate transmitter in the said neighbor list, confirm that then said candidate transmitter is to have sent the device of the signal that is received by travelling carriage really;
If all candidate transmitter that are used on the said neighbor list are not all sent the said signal that is received by travelling carriage really, then search the device of listened to the tabulation of all transmitters that therefrom send the previous signal that receives;
If be used for said at least one transmitter of listening tabulation and be the candidate transmitter in the source of the said signal that receives by travelling carriage, confirm that then it possibly be the device in the source of the said signal that is received by travelling carriage that this candidate transmitter has much; And
Saidly listen the said candidate transmitter in the tabulation to send the said signal that receives by travelling carriage really if be used for; Think that then this transmitter is the source of the said signal that is received by travelling carriage; Thereby and confirm that based on a database device of the position of said transmitter, said database comprise and data clauses and subclauses on said neighbor list and that be associated in the said candidate transmitter that can listen in the tabulation.
CN2004800250590A 2003-07-28 2004-07-28 Location determination of a local transmitter using a database Expired - Fee Related CN1846454B (en)

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