EP2665044A1 - Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system - Google Patents

Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2665044A1
EP2665044A1 EP12168187.8A EP12168187A EP2665044A1 EP 2665044 A1 EP2665044 A1 EP 2665044A1 EP 12168187 A EP12168187 A EP 12168187A EP 2665044 A1 EP2665044 A1 EP 2665044A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toll
units
radio
transactions
onboard
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Granted
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EP12168187.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2665044B1 (en
Inventor
Jasja Tijink
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Kapsch TrafficCom AG
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Kapsch TrafficCom AG
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Priority to PT121681878T priority Critical patent/PT2665044E/en
Priority to EP12168187.8A priority patent/EP2665044B1/en
Priority to ES12168187T priority patent/ES2530620T3/en
Priority to SI201230141T priority patent/SI2665044T1/en
Priority to PL12168187T priority patent/PL2665044T3/en
Application filed by Kapsch TrafficCom AG filed Critical Kapsch TrafficCom AG
Priority to DK12168187.8T priority patent/DK2665044T3/en
Publication of EP2665044A1 publication Critical patent/EP2665044A1/en
Publication of EP2665044B1 publication Critical patent/EP2665044B1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07BTICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for measuring the performance of a road toll system based on a plurality of on-vehicle unit-based onboard units each capable of radio-communicating with geographically distributed radio stations for accumulating location-related toll transactions in a toll center connected thereto.
  • EFC systems Modern electronic toll collection systems
  • EETS European Electronic Toll Service
  • OBU on-board unit
  • DSRC dedicated short range communication
  • Toll Charger want to have an instrumentarium again, to check the performance of a road toll system operated by various service providers and infrastructure owners to monitor their compliance with the contract.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for measuring the performance of a road toll system, which overcomes the disadvantages of the known prior art and allows a simple, rapid and automatable creation of a performance measure for the road toll system.
  • the invention eliminates the need for a reference fleet by randomly selecting, at the request of the toll center of a toll charger, any vehicles or OBUs that use a particular link between a launch location and a stop location for direct recording of causative, toll transaction causal data.
  • the on-the-ground OBU records collected in the field will be recorded in the toll center with the total toll collection system, ie. Compared to the entire chain of onboard unit, infrastructure and toll charger generated toll transactions.
  • a performance measure is then generated which determines the performance of the road toll system, e.g. its letting rate, reflects.
  • the data collection order also contains an indication of a validity period, wherein the recording in an onboard unit is performed only within this validity period.
  • the performance measure can be determined for specific periods of time.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for all types of road toll systems, both for GNSS road toll systems in which the onboard units determine their positions autonomously in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and via a mobile network to a toll center Processing (or even processing toll data which they send to the toll center), as well as DSRC road toll systems where geographically dispersed DSRC beacons locate onboard units passing through dedicated short range communications (DSRC) radio communications to their respective coverage area to generate toll transactions.
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • DSRC dedicated short range communications
  • the radio stations are base stations of radio cells of the mobile network and the onboard units send the positions determined by them in the manner of so-called “thin clients” via the mobile radio network to the toll center, which therefrom Generates toll transactions.
  • the radio stations are base stations of radio cells of the mobile network and the onboard units generate from their specific positions in the way so-called "thick clients” toll transactions, which they send via the mobile network to the toll center ,
  • the radio stations are DSRC radio beacons which determine the positions of the onboard units from the passages of the respective DSRC radio beacons to generate toll transactions.
  • the named group of on-board units to which the data collection orders are issued may include all on-board units of the road toll system.
  • the group is only part of all on-board units to minimize traffic in road toll systems.
  • the group preferably comprises all on-board units located in a predetermined area around the starting location. For example, the on-board units located in said area can be determined on the basis of their last position-related toll transactions.
  • the group of on-board units could be e.g. be selected based on a vehicle class, for example, to exclude non-toll vehicles as a reference for the performance measure or to produce a performance measure only for a particular class of vehicles.
  • the records of the on-board units are sent anonymously to the toll center in order to to refute any privacy concerns regarding the traceability of vehicles.
  • the anonymization can be performed using a proxy computer connected to the mobile network, as known in the art.
  • the on-board units may determine their positions in a variety of ways known in the art, for example, by optically recognizing particular landmarks in camera images of their surroundings, radio triangulation in terrestrial radio networks, cellular cell detection, etc., etc.
  • the on-board units will determine their positions Satellite navigation in GNSS systems such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or the like
  • Fig. 1 shows a GNSS road toll system 1 based on a plurality of on-board units (OBUs) 2, which are carried by vehicles (not shown) to their local uses in a road network of road segments S 1 , S 2 , ..., in general S j , too expensive or fees.
  • the local uses For example, driving on a certain road segment S j , crossing a border, staying in a certain geographical area or the like. be and be billed in any way, eg per road segment, per distance traveled or path length, per time spent (eg parking fee), per border crossing, etc.
  • the OBUs 2 have according to Fig. 2 in addition to a processor 3 and a memory 4 via a satellite navigation receiver 5, with which it continuously "positions fixes" p 1 , p 2 , ..., generally p 1 , in a global navigation satellite system 6, GNSS). Further, the OBUs are equipped 2 with a transmitter-receiver 7, over which the determined positions p of radio stations 8, here base stations of a cellular mobile radio network 9, for forwarding to a toll center 10 of a Toll Service Provides (TSP) and / or a Toll Chargers (i TC), see paths 11, 12 for a deputy OBU 2 with the OBU identifier O n .
  • TSP Toll Service Provides
  • i TC Toll Chargers
  • a toll transaction ta j, n for the OBU O n and the. Can be obtained from the position data p i, n of an OBU O n obtained by a map matching with a digital road map of toll road tickets S j Road segment S j are generated.
  • the map matching can also be performed in one of the toll booths 10 upstream, separate map matching proxy, if desired.
  • a job message or a data collection job m is transmitted via the mobile radio network 9 to a group of K OBUs 2, here representatively represented by an OBU 2 with the identifier O k .
  • the data collection job m contains (at least) the specification of a start location A and a stop location B.
  • the data collection orders m may additionally include the indication of a validity period T within which an OBU 2 is to collect or record data.
  • the number K of OBUs O k may be less than or equal to the number N of all OBUs O n of the road toll system 1 (k ⁇ N).
  • the data collection message m is sent only to those on-board units 2, which are located in a predetermined area around the starting location A, which, for example, from the last position messages p i, n or toll transactions ta j, n of the OBUs 2 in the Mautwin 10 can be determined.
  • the group of OBUs O k to which the data collection orders m are sent in step 13 can also be selected, for example, based on properties of the OBUs 2 or their vehicles, eg according to authorizations stored in the OBUs 2 (eg "no-free-rider”). No-emergency vehicle “, etc.) or a particular vehicle class (eg" truck “,” truck with three axles “,” truck with trailer “, etc.), which is stored in the OBUS.
  • an OBU 2 or O k which has received a data collection order m, detects reaching the start location A, ie when its continuously determined position p i, k reaches a predetermined proximity (tolerance range) of the start location A they are recorded by recording all consecutively determined positions p i, k , such as by the gray shaded crosses in Fig. 1 illustrated.
  • the recording is terminated when the OBU 2 detects the reaching of the stop location B, ie when its position p i, k reaches a predetermined proximity (tolerance range) of the stop location B.
  • the OBU 2 stores the recorded data in its memory 4.
  • the OBU 2 After completion of the recording at the stop location B, the OBU 2 sends its record ("record") rc via the mobile network 9 to the toll center 10, see paths 14 and 12.
  • the record rc of the OBU O k is between points A and B denote rc AB, k and comprises at least that sequence of positions p i, k , which was determined between the points A and B.
  • the record rc AB, k may also contain additional data, eg, measurement data from environmental sensors of the OBU O k or their vehicle, characteristics of the OBU O k or their vehicle, etc. It is understood that instead of individual positions, sequences of positions (" position fix tracks ") tr i, n , tr i, k can be reported by the OBUs 2 (arrows 11, 12) or recorded (arrows 14, 12).
  • the records rc AB, k of all K OBUs O k of the group are then compared with the transactions ta AB, k generated by all K OBUs O k with respect to the link AB to calculate a performance measure P X of the road toll system 1.
  • the toll transactions ta j, n or ta j, k generated in the toll center 10 from the position reports p i, n or p i, k are first of all related to those OBUs O k and positions p i, k filtered, which lie between the start and stop locations A, B, to obtain only the falling in the section AB transactions ⁇ ta AB ⁇ k of the O-BUs O k .
  • performance measures based on travel times, fees, road segments, beacon passages or the like. Characteristics are calculated.
  • any other type of comparison measure between on the one hand ⁇ ta AB ⁇ k and on the other hand from rc AB k determined characteristics such as a difference or other standard for a comparison error.
  • the 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the road toll system 1 based on "thick client" OBUs 2 ', which additionally have a map matcher 17, the toll card matching the positions p i, n or p i, k with eg toll road segments S j by leads to create "finished” toll transactions ta j, n or ta j, k and to send via the mobile network 9 to the toll center 10 (paths 11, 12).
  • the OBUs 2 and O k in the present example do not record individual positions p i, k in the records rc AB, k , but rather the fact of driving entire road segments S j , for example as a list or simply as a number (segment count) SC from between the start and stop locations A, B traveled road segments S j .
  • the performance measure P X in this case may be, for example, a performance-related measure P F relating to road segments or a segment-related performance measure P SC .
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the application of the described method in the context of a DSRC road toll system 1 'which is based on hybrid OBUs 2 "
  • the DSRC road toll system 1' comprises a network of geographically distributed DSRC radio beacons 18 or R 1 , R 2 in particular on the roadside , ..., in general R j , for example, each serving for tolling a road segment S j
  • the radio beacons 18 each have a locally limited radio coverage area 19 in which they short-range radio communications (dedicated short range communications) with DSRC transceivers 20 of the OBUs 2 "to locate them on the respective radio coverage area 19.
  • Each OBU 2 " which passes a DSRC radio beacon 18, thus abuts in the radio beacon 18 a toll transaction ta j, n or ta j, k , which is sent via a data network 21 to the toll center 10 (or only generated there) ,
  • the hybrid OBUs 2 "from the toll center 10 via the mobile network 9 and mobile transceiver 7 in the OBUs 2 "data collection orders m abandoned, see arrow 13.
  • the OBUs 2" detect with the help of their satellite navigation receiver 5 reaching the start location A, for example, a record of wireless communications with the radio beacons 18 and R j (the "beacon passages") trigger.
  • the records rc AB, k of the OBUs 2 can be here, for example, a list of the radio beacons R j passed , a sum of the toll paid there, or simply the number (beacon count) BC of the radio beacons R j passed in. If the stop location is detected B, the recording is terminated again.
  • the toll center 10 now collects on the one hand the toll transactions TA j, k generated or triggered by the radio beacons R j for an OBU O k and on the other hand the (rc 14) records rc AB sent by the OBUs O k via the mobile radio network 9 after completion of the recording. k , filters the toll transactions again in step 15 and compares them in step 16 as described above to create the performance measure P X , here eg the performance measure P BC , P SC or P F.
  • the performance measure P X here eg the performance measure P BC , P SC or P F.
  • the records rc sent by the OBUs 2, 2 ', 2 "via the mobile radio network 9 to the toll center 10 are preferably sent anonymously in order to make it more difficult for vehicles to be" tracked. "For example, a proxy (not shown) can be used. Calculator of the toll center 10 are preceded, which anonymizes the records rc, for example, OBU identifiers O k removed or replaced by random (“anonymous") identifiers.

Abstract

The method involves sending (13) data collection order (m) with a start location (A) and a stop location (B) from a toll center (10) to a group of onboard units (2) through a mobile network (9). The recording of their own positions or data derived from radio communication with dedicated short range communication radio beacons is started when a particular position (p-1 to p-i) reaches in a predetermined proximity to the start location. The recording and sending (14) of the recordings (rc-ab,k) are stopped when the particular position reaches in the predetermined proximity to the stop location. The received recordings are compared (16) with the toll transactions (ta-ab,k) collected from the onboard-units based on the positions, which lie between the start and stop locations. The capacity measurement (P-x) of the road toll system (1) is calculated based on the comparison.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Messen der Leistungsfähigkeit eines Straßenmautsystems, das auf einer Vielzahl fahrzeuggestützter, jeweils ihre Position bestimmender Onboard-Units basiert, die mit geographisch verteilten Funkstationen funkkommunizieren können, um in einer an diese angeschlossenen Mautzentrale positionsbezogene Mauttransaktionen anzusammeln.The present invention relates to a method for measuring the performance of a road toll system based on a plurality of on-vehicle unit-based onboard units each capable of radio-communicating with geographically distributed radio stations for accumulating location-related toll transactions in a toll center connected thereto.

Moderne Straßenmautsysteme (electronic fee collection systems, EFC-Systeme) folgen in ihren Funktionen, Rollenverteilungen und Schnittstellen häufig den im Standard ISO 17573, "Road Transport and Traffic Telematics - Electronic Fee Collection - System Architecture for Vehicle Related Transport Services", definierten Prinzipien. Für den europäischen Raum wurden mit der EU-Richtlinie 2004/52/EG vom 29. April 2004 sowie der Entscheidung der Europäischen Kommission 2009/750/EG vom 6. Oktober 2009 Anforderungen für die Interoperabilität solcher EFC-Systeme festgesetzt ("European Electronic Toll Service", EETS). Danach soll der Benutzer mit einer Onboard-Unit (OBU), die bei einem einzigen Serviceprovider registriert ist bzw. unter Vertrag steht, in der gesamten Europäischen Union über unterschiedlichste Infrastrukturen wie länderspezifische GSM-Mobilfunknetze oder DSRC (dedicated short range communication)-Funkbakennetze bei den jeweiligen Straßenerhaltern und Behörden, den sog. "Toll Chargers", Mautgebühren zahlen können. Umgekehrt sollen Toll Charger freie Hand bei der Auswahl von Serviceprovidern und dem Einsatz von Infrastruktur haben.Modern electronic toll collection systems (EFC systems) often follow the principles defined in standard ISO 17573, "Road Transport and Traffic Telematics - System Architecture for Vehicle Related Transport Services" in their functions, role distributions and interfaces. For European countries, EU Directive 2004/52 / EC of 29 April 2004 and European Commission Decision 2009/750 / EC of 6 October 2009 set requirements for the interoperability of such EFC systems ("European Electronic Toll Service ", EETS). According to this, the user should be provided with an on-board unit (OBU) registered or under contract with a single service provider throughout the European Union via various infrastructures such as country-specific GSM mobile networks or dedicated short range communication (DSRC) radio networks tolls can be paid to the respective road keepers and authorities, the so-called "toll chargers". Conversely, Toll Chargers should have a free hand in the selection of service providers and the use of infrastructure.

Für Serviceprovider ergibt sich dabei häufig das Problem, dass sie dem Toll Charger eine bestimmte Leistungsfähigkeit, z.B. einen bestimmten Vermautungsgrad auf einer Mautstrecke, garantieren müssen, ohne jedoch volle Disposition über die zwischenliegende Infrastruktur wie Mobilfunk- und DSRC-Bakennetze zu haben. Toll Charger möchten wiederum ein Instrumentarium haben, mit dem sie die Leistungsfähigkeit eines von verschiedenen Serviceprovidern und Infrastrukturinhabern betriebenen Straßenmautsystems überprüfen können, um deren Vertragskonformität zu überwachen.For service providers, this often results in the problem that they have to guarantee the Toll Charger a certain performance, eg a certain Vermustungsgrad on a toll road, but without having full disposition over the intermediate infrastructure such as mobile and DSRC Bakelnetze. Toll Charger want to have an instrumentarium again, to check the performance of a road toll system operated by various service providers and infrastructure owners to monitor their compliance with the contract.

Zum Messen der Leistungsfähigkeit von Straßenmautsystemen werden derzeit Flotten von Testfahrzeugen eingesetzt, die beispielsweise vorgegebene Mautstrecken stichprobenartig abfahren, um anschließend die in der Zentrale des Toll Chargers anfallenden Mauttransaktionen mit den Stichprobenfahrten zu vergleichen. Dies bedeutet einen hohen personellen und organisatorischen Aufwand, insbesondere wenn die Leistungsfähigkeit kontinuierlich überwacht oder ein Leistungsmaß des Straßenmautsystems periodisch ermittelt werden soll.To test the performance of road toll systems fleets of test vehicles are currently used, for example, take off predetermined toll roads random sample, and then to compare the toll transactions incurred in the headquarters of the Toll Chargers with the random checks. This means a high personnel and organizational effort, especially if the performance is continuously monitored or a performance measure of the road toll system is to be determined periodically.

Die Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren zum Messen der Leistungsfähigkeit eines Straßenmautsystems zu schaffen, welches die Nachteile des bekannten Standes der Technik überwindet und eine einfache, rasche und automatisierbare Erstellung eines Leistungsmaßes für das Straßenmautsystem gestattet.The invention has for its object to provide a method for measuring the performance of a road toll system, which overcomes the disadvantages of the known prior art and allows a simple, rapid and automatable creation of a performance measure for the road toll system.

Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren der einleitend genannten Art erreicht, umfassend:

  • Senden eines Datensammelauftrags mit einem Start-Ort und einem Stop-Ort von der Mautzentrale über ein Mobilfunknetz an eine Gruppe von Onboard-Units,
  • in jeder Onboard-Unit der Gruppe: wenn die eigene Position in vorgegebene Nähe zum Start-Ort gelangt, Starten eines Aufzeichnens der eigenen Positionen oder davon abgeleiteter Daten oder von Funkkommunikationen mit DSRC-Funkbaken und, wenn die eigene Position in vorgegebene Nähe zum Stop-Ort gelangt, Stoppen des Aufzeichnens und Senden der Aufzeichnung über das Mobilfunknetz an die Mautzentrale,
  • in der Mautzentrale: Vergleichen der von allen Onboard-Units der Gruppe empfangenen Aufzeichnungen mit den von diesen Onboard-Units in Bezug auf Positionen, die zwischen dem Start- und dem Stop-Ort liegen, gesammelten Mauttransaktionen, und
  • Berechnen eines Leistungsmaßes des Straßenmautsystems auf Basis des Vergleichs.
This object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the initially mentioned type, comprising:
  • Sending a data collection order with a start location and a stop location from the toll center via a mobile network to a group of on-board units,
  • in each on-board unit of the group: when the own position comes within a given proximity to the starting location, starting a recording of the own positions or derived data or radio communications with DSRC radio beacons and, if the own position is in a predetermined proximity to the stop position Place, stop recording and send the recording over the mobile network to the toll center,
  • in toll center: compare the records received from all onboard units of the group with the toll transactions collected by those onboard units in relation to positions between the start and stop locations, and
  • Calculate a performance measure of the road toll system based on the comparison.

Die Erfindung erübrigt den Einsatz einer Referenzflotte, indem jederzeit stichprobenartig auf Anforderung der Mautzentrale eines Toll Chargers alle eine bestimmte Strecke zwischen einem Start-Ort und einem Stop-Ort benutzenden Fahrzeuge bzw. OBUs zur direkten Aufzeichnung der ursächlichen, mauttransaktionskausalen Daten verwendet werden können. Die solcherart vor Ort, "im Feld", erhobenen OBU-Aufzeichnungen werden in der Mautzentrale mit den vom gesamten Straßenmautsystem, d.h. der gesamten Kette aus Onboard-Unit, Infrastruktur und Toll Charger erzeugten Mauttransaktionen verglichen. Aus dem Vergleich der vor Ort aufgezeichneten, mauttransaktionskausalen Daten mit den final erzeugten Mauttransaktionen wird anschließend ein Leistungsmaß erzeugt, welches die Leistungsfähigkeit des Straßenmautsystems, z.B. seinen Vermautungsgrad, widerspiegelt.The invention eliminates the need for a reference fleet by randomly selecting, at the request of the toll center of a toll charger, any vehicles or OBUs that use a particular link between a launch location and a stop location for direct recording of causative, toll transaction causal data. The on-the-ground OBU records collected in the field will be recorded in the toll center with the total toll collection system, ie. Compared to the entire chain of onboard unit, infrastructure and toll charger generated toll transactions. From the comparison of the on-the-ground, toll transaction causal data with the finally generated toll transactions, a performance measure is then generated which determines the performance of the road toll system, e.g. its letting rate, reflects.

Das Leistungsmaß kann dabei auf verschiedene Arten berechnet werden. Bevorzugte Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bestehen darin,

  • dass die Mauttransaktionen von der Mautzentrale vermauteten Weglängen entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen von den Onboard-Units zurückgelegte Weglängen angeben und das Leistungsmaß auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses von vermauteten Weglängen zu zurückgelegten Weglängen berechnet wird;
  • dass die Mauttransaktionen von der Mautzentrale vermauteten Wegzeiten entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen von den Onboard-Units verbrachte Wegzeiten angeben und das Leistungsmaß auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses von vermauteten Wegzeiten zu verbrachten Wegzeiten berechnet wird;
  • dass die Mauttransaktionen von der Mautzentrale verrechneten Ist-Mautgebühren entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen von den Onboard-Units aufgezeichnete Soll-Mautgebühren angeben und das Leistungsmaß auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses von verrechneten Ist-Mautgebühren zu aufgezeichneten Soll-Mautgebühren berechnet wird;
  • dass die Mauttransaktionen von der Mautzentrale vermauteten Straßenabschnitten entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen von den Onboard-Units befahrene Straßenabschnitte angeben und das Leistungsmaß auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses von vermauteten Straßenabschnitten zu befahrenen Straßenabschnitten berechnet wird; oder
  • dass die Mauttransaktionen von der Mautzentrale vermauteten DSRC-Funkbaken-Passagen entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen von den Onboard-Units aufgezeichnete DSRC-Funkbaken-Passagen angeben und das Leistungsmaß auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses von vermauteten Bakenpassagen zu aufgezeichneten Bakenpassagen berechnet wird.
The performance measure can be calculated in different ways. Preferred variants of the method according to the invention are
  • the toll transactions from the toll center correspond to leased path lengths and the records indicate path lengths traveled by the onboard units and the performance measure is calculated based on at least a ratio of leased path lengths to traveled path lengths;
  • that the toll transactions from the toll center correspond to marred route times and the records indicate travel times spent by the onboard units and the performance measure is calculated based on at least a ratio of marred route times to distance traveled times;
  • the toll transactions correspond to actual tolls charged by the toll center and the records indicate target tolls recorded by the on-board units and the performance measure is calculated based on at least a ratio of actual tolls charged to recorded target tolls;
  • that the toll transactions from the toll center correspond to the leased road sections, and the records indicate road sections traveled by the on-board units, and the performance measure is calculated based on at least a ratio of the leased road sections to the road sections to be traveled; or
  • the toll transactions from the toll center correspond to moored DSRC beacon passages and the records indicate DSRC beacon passages recorded by the onboard units and the performance measure is calculated based on at least a ratio of mound beacon passages to recorded beacon passages.

In jeder Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es besonders günstig, wenn der Datensammelauftrag auch eine Angabe über einen Gültigkeitszeitraum enthält, wobei das Aufzeichnen in einer Onboard-Unit nur innerhalb dieses Gültigkeitszeitraums durchgeführt wird. Dadurch kann das Leistungsmaß für ganz bestimmte Zeiträume ermittelt werden.In any embodiment of the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the data collection order also contains an indication of a validity period, wherein the recording in an onboard unit is performed only within this validity period. As a result, the performance measure can be determined for specific periods of time.

Das Verfahren der Erfindung ist für alle Arten von Straßenmautsystemen geeignet, und zwar sowohl für GNSS-Straßenmautsysteme, bei denen die Onboard-Units ihre Positionen autark in einem globalen Satellitennavigationssystem (global navigation satellite system, GNSS) bestimmen und über ein Mobilfunknetz an eine Mautzentrale zur Verarbeitung senden (oder selbst zu Mautdaten verarbeiten, welche sie an die Mautzentrale senden), als auch für DSRC-Straßenmautsysteme, bei welchen geographisch verteilte DSRC-Funkbaken passierende Onboard-Units mittels DSRC-Funkkommunikationen (dedicated short range communications) auf ihr jeweiliges Funkabdeckungsgebiet lokalisieren, um daraus Mauttransaktionen zu erzeugen. Während Onboard-Units für GNSS-Straßenmautsysteme, z.B. EETS-OBUs, bereits über die für die Erfindung geforderte Kommunikationsfähigkeit in Mobilfunknetzen verfügen, erfordert der Einsatz der Erfindung in DSRC-Straßenmautsystemen sog. "Hybrid"-OBUs, welche zusätzlich zu ihrer DSRC-Kommunikationsfähigkeit über einen Sendeempfänger für Mobilfunknetze verfügen.The method of the invention is suitable for all types of road toll systems, both for GNSS road toll systems in which the onboard units determine their positions autonomously in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and via a mobile network to a toll center Processing (or even processing toll data which they send to the toll center), as well as DSRC road toll systems where geographically dispersed DSRC beacons locate onboard units passing through dedicated short range communications (DSRC) radio communications to their respective coverage area to generate toll transactions. While on-board units for GNSS road toll systems, eg EETS OBUs, already have the required communication capability in mobile networks for the invention, the use of the invention in DSRC road toll systems requires so-called "hybrid" OBUs, which in addition to their DSRC communication capability via a transceiver for mobile networks.

In einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens speziell für GNSS-Straßenmautsysteme sind demnach die Funkstationen Basisstationen von Funkzellen des Mobilfunknetzes und die Onboard-Units senden die von ihnen bestimmten Positionen in der Art sog. "thin clients" über das Mobilfunknetz an die Mautzentrale, welche daraus Mauttransaktionen erzeugt. In einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung für GNSS-Straßenmautsysteme sind die Funkstationen Basisstationen von Funkzellen des Mobilfunknetzes und die Onboard-Units erzeugen aus den von ihnen bestimmten Positionen in der Art sog. "thick clients" Mauttransaktionen, welche sie über das Mobilfunknetz an die Mautzentrale senden.Accordingly, in a first embodiment of the method according to the invention specifically for GNSS road toll systems, the radio stations are base stations of radio cells of the mobile network and the onboard units send the positions determined by them in the manner of so-called "thin clients" via the mobile radio network to the toll center, which therefrom Generates toll transactions. In a second embodiment of the invention for GNSS road toll systems, the radio stations are base stations of radio cells of the mobile network and the onboard units generate from their specific positions in the way so-called "thick clients" toll transactions, which they send via the mobile network to the toll center ,

In einer dritten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der Erfindung, welches speziell für DSRC-Straßenmautsysteme geeignet ist, sind die Funkstationen DSRC-Funkbaken, welche die Positionen der Onboards-Units aus den Passagen der jeweiligen DSRC-Funkbake bestimmen, um daraus Mauttransaktionen zu erzeugen.In a third embodiment of the method of the invention, which is particularly suitable for DSRC road toll systems, the radio stations are DSRC radio beacons which determine the positions of the onboard units from the passages of the respective DSRC radio beacons to generate toll transactions.

Die genannte Gruppe von Onboard-Units, denen die Datensammelaufträge erteilt werden, kann alle Onboard-Units des Straßenmautsystems umfassen. Bevorzugt ist die Gruppe nur ein Teil aller Onboard-Units, um den Datenverkehr in Straßenmautsystemen zu minimieren. Bevorzugt umfasst die Gruppe alle sich in einem vorgegebenen Bereich um den Start-Ort befindlichen Onboard-Units. Beispielsweise können die sich im genannten Bereich befindlichen Onboard-Units anhand ihrer letzten positionsbezogenen Mauttransaktionen bestimmt werden.The named group of on-board units to which the data collection orders are issued may include all on-board units of the road toll system. Preferably, the group is only part of all on-board units to minimize traffic in road toll systems. The group preferably comprises all on-board units located in a predetermined area around the starting location. For example, the on-board units located in said area can be determined on the basis of their last position-related toll transactions.

Alternativ könnte die Gruppe von Onboard-Units z.B. anhand einer Fahrzeugklasse ausgewählt werden, beispielsweise um nicht-mautpflichtige Fahrzeuge als Bezugsgröße für das Leistungsmaß auszuschließen oder um ein Leistungsmaß nur für eine bestimmte Klasse von Fahrzeugen zu erzeugen.Alternatively, the group of on-board units could be e.g. be selected based on a vehicle class, for example, to exclude non-toll vehicles as a reference for the performance measure or to produce a performance measure only for a particular class of vehicles.

Besonders günstig ist es, wenn die Aufzeichnungen der Onboard-Units anonymisiert an die Mautzentrale gesandt werden, um jegliche Datenschutzbedenken hinsichtlich der Nachverfolgbarkeit von Fahrzeugen zu entkräften. Bevorzugt kann das Anonymisieren mit Hilfe eines an das Mobilfunknetz angeschlossenen Proxy-Rechners durchgeführt werden, wie in der Technik bekannt.It is particularly favorable if the records of the on-board units are sent anonymously to the toll center in order to to refute any privacy concerns regarding the traceability of vehicles. Preferably, the anonymization can be performed using a proxy computer connected to the mobile network, as known in the art.

Die Onboard-Units können ihre Positionen auf verschiedenste in der Technik bekannte Arten bestimmen, beispielsweise durch optische Erkennung bestimmter Landmarken in Kamerabildern ihrer Umgebung, Funktriangulation in terrestrischen Funknetzen, durch Zellkennungsdetektion in Mobilfunknetzen, usw. usf. Bevorzugt bestimmen die Onboard-Units ihre Positionen mittels Satellitennavigation in GNSS-Systemen wie GPS, GLONASS, Galileo od.dgl.The on-board units may determine their positions in a variety of ways known in the art, for example, by optically recognizing particular landmarks in camera images of their surroundings, radio triangulation in terrestrial radio networks, cellular cell detection, etc., etc. Preferably, the on-board units will determine their positions Satellite navigation in GNSS systems such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or the like

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von in den beigeschlossenen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der Erfindung zur Messung der Leistungsfähigkeit eines GNSS-Straßenmautsystems auf Basis von "thin client"-GNSS-OBUs;
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild einer OBU für das Verfahren von Fig. 1:
  • Fig. 3 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der Erfindung für ein GNSS-Straßenmautsystem auf Basis von "thick client"-GNSS-OBUs;
  • Fig. 4 ein Blockschaltbild einer OBU für das Verfahren von Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 eine dritte Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der Erfindung für ein DSRC-Straßenmautsystem auf Basis von Hybrid-OBUs; und
  • Fig. 6 ein Blockschaltbild einer OBU für das Verfahren von Fig. 5.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings shows:
  • Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the method of the invention for measuring the performance of a GNSS road toll system based on thin client GNSS OBUs;
  • Fig. 2 a block diagram of an OBU for the method of Fig. 1 :
  • Fig. 3 a second embodiment of the method of the invention for a GNSS road toll system based on thick client GNSS OBUs;
  • Fig. 4 a block diagram of an OBU for the method of Fig. 3 ;
  • Fig. 5 a third embodiment of the method of the invention for a DSRC road toll system based on hybrid OBUs; and
  • Fig. 6 a block diagram of an OBU for the method of Fig. 5 ,

Fig. 1 zeigt ein GNSS-Straßenmautsystem 1, das auf einer Vielzahl von Onboard-Units (OBUs) 2 basiert, welche von Fahrzeugen (nicht dargestellt) mitgeführt werden, um deren Ortsnutzungen in einem Straßennetz aus Straßensegmenten S1, S2, ..., allgemein Sj, zu vermauten bzw. vergebühren. Die Ortsnutzungen können beispielsweise das Befahren eines bestimmten Straßensegments Sj, das Überschreiten einer Grenze, der Aufenthalt in einem bestimmten geographischen Gebiet od.dgl. sein und auf beliebige Weise, z.B. pro Straßensegment, pro gefahrener Strecke bzw. Weglänge, pro verbrachter Zeit (z.B. Parkgebühr), pro Grenzübertritt usw. abgerechnet werden. Fig. 1 shows a GNSS road toll system 1 based on a plurality of on-board units (OBUs) 2, which are carried by vehicles (not shown) to their local uses in a road network of road segments S 1 , S 2 , ..., in general S j , too expensive or fees. The local uses For example, driving on a certain road segment S j , crossing a border, staying in a certain geographical area or the like. be and be billed in any way, eg per road segment, per distance traveled or path length, per time spent (eg parking fee), per border crossing, etc.

Zu diesem Zweck verfügen die OBUs 2 gemäß Fig. 2 neben einem Prozessor 3 und einem Speicher 4 über einen Satellitennavigationsempfänger 5, mit welchem sie fortlaufend ihre Positionen ("position fixes") p1, p2, ..., allgemein p1, in einem globalen Satellitennavigationssystem 6 (global navigation satellite system, GNSS) bestimmen. Ferner sind die OBUs 2 mit einem Sendeempfänger 7 ausgestattet, über welchen sie die ermittelten Positionen pi an Funkstationen 8, hier Basisstationen eines zellularen Mobilfunknetzes 9, zur Weiterleitung an eine Mautzentrale 10 eines Toll Service Provides (TSP) und/oder eines Toll Chargers (TC) senden, siehe Pfade 11, 12 für eine stellvertretende OBU 2 mit der OBU-Kennung On. In der Mautzentrale 10 kann aus den so erhaltenen Positionsdaten pi,n einer OBU On z.B. durch einen Kartenabgleich ("map matching") mit einer digitalen Straßenkarte von mautpflichtigen Straßenkarten Sj eine Mauttransaktion taj,n für die OBU On und das Straßensegment Sj erzeugt werden. Der Mautkartenabgleich (map matching) kann auch in einem der Mautzentrale 10 vorgeordneten, gesonderten Kartenabgleichsserver (map matching proxy) durchgeführt werden, falls gewünscht.For this purpose, the OBUs 2 have according to Fig. 2 in addition to a processor 3 and a memory 4 via a satellite navigation receiver 5, with which it continuously "positions fixes" p 1 , p 2 , ..., generally p 1 , in a global navigation satellite system 6, GNSS). Further, the OBUs are equipped 2 with a transmitter-receiver 7, over which the determined positions p of radio stations 8, here base stations of a cellular mobile radio network 9, for forwarding to a toll center 10 of a Toll Service Provides (TSP) and / or a Toll Chargers (i TC), see paths 11, 12 for a deputy OBU 2 with the OBU identifier O n . In the toll center 10, a toll transaction ta j, n for the OBU O n and the. Can be obtained from the position data p i, n of an OBU O n obtained by a map matching with a digital road map of toll road tickets S j Road segment S j are generated. The map matching can also be performed in one of the toll booths 10 upstream, separate map matching proxy, if desired.

Zur Messung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Straßenmautsystems 1, beispielsweise zur Ermittlung eines "Vermautungsgrades" als Verhältnis von korrekt vermauteten OBUs 2 zu allen OBUs 2 oder von korrekt vermauteten Straßensegmenten Sj zu allen Straßensegmenten Sj, wird das folgende Verfahren eingesetzt.To measure the performance of the road toll system 1, for example, to determine a "degree of littering" as a ratio of correctly-mounded OBUs 2 to all OBUs 2 or correctly mounded road segments S j to all road segments S j , the following method is employed.

In einer ersten Phase 13 des Verfahrens wird an eine Gruppe von K OBUs 2, hier stellvertretend dargestellt durch eine OBU 2 mit der Kennung Ok, eine Auftragsnachricht bzw. ein Datensammelauftrag m über das Mobilfunknetz 9 gesandt. Der Datensammelauftrag m enthält (zumindest) die Angabe eines Start-Orts A und eines Stop-Orts B. Die Datensammelaufträge m können zusätzlich auch die Angabe eines Gültigkeitszeitraums T enthalten, innerhalb dessen eine OBU 2 Daten sammeln bzw. aufzeichnen soll.In a first phase 13 of the method, a job message or a data collection job m is transmitted via the mobile radio network 9 to a group of K OBUs 2, here representatively represented by an OBU 2 with the identifier O k . The data collection job m contains (at least) the specification of a start location A and a stop location B. The data collection orders m may additionally include the indication of a validity period T within which an OBU 2 is to collect or record data.

Die Anzahl K von OBUs Ok kann kleiner oder gleich der Anzahl N aller OBUs On des Straßenmautsystems 1 sein (k ≤ N). Bevorzugt wird die Datensammelnachricht m nur an solche Onboard-Units 2 gesandt, die sich in einem vorgegebenen Bereich rund um den Start-Ort A befinden, was beispielsweise aus den letzten Positionsmeldungen pi,n oder Mauttransaktionen taj,n der OBUs 2 in der Mautzentrale 10 ermittelt werden kann.The number K of OBUs O k may be less than or equal to the number N of all OBUs O n of the road toll system 1 (k ≦ N). Preferably, the data collection message m is sent only to those on-board units 2, which are located in a predetermined area around the starting location A, which, for example, from the last position messages p i, n or toll transactions ta j, n of the OBUs 2 in the Mautzentrale 10 can be determined.

Die Gruppe von OBUs Ok, an welche die Datensammelaufträge m im Schritt 13 gesendet werden, kann beispielsweise auch anhand von Eigenschaften der OBUs 2 oder ihrer Fahrzeuge ausgewählt werden, z.B. nach in den OBUs 2 gespeicherten Berechtigungen (z.B. "Kein-Freifahrer", "Kein-Einsatzfahrzeug", usw.) oder einer bestimmten Fahrzeugklasse (z.B. "LKW", "LKW mit drei Achsen", "LKW mit Anhänger", usw.), welche in den OBUS gespeichert ist.The group of OBUs O k to which the data collection orders m are sent in step 13 can also be selected, for example, based on properties of the OBUs 2 or their vehicles, eg according to authorizations stored in the OBUs 2 (eg "no-free-rider"). No-emergency vehicle ", etc.) or a particular vehicle class (eg" truck "," truck with three axles "," truck with trailer ", etc.), which is stored in the OBUS.

Sobald eine OBU 2 bzw. Ok, welche einen Datensammelauftrag m erhalten hat, das Erreichen des Start-Orts A detektiert, d.h. wenn ihre fortlaufend ermittelte Position pi,k in eine vorgegebene Nähe (Toleranzbereich) des Start-Orts A gelangt, beginnt sie mit einem Aufzeichnen aller in der Folge ermittelten Positionen pi,k, wie durch die grau hinterlegten Kreuze in Fig. 1 veranschaulicht. Das Aufzeichnen wird beendet, wenn die OBU 2 das Erreichen des Stop-Orts B detektiert, d.h. wenn ihre Position pi,k in eine vorgegebene Nähe (Toleranzbereich) des Stop-Orts B gelangt. Die OBU 2 speichert die aufgezeichneten Daten dabei in ihrem Speicher 4.As soon as an OBU 2 or O k , which has received a data collection order m, detects reaching the start location A, ie when its continuously determined position p i, k reaches a predetermined proximity (tolerance range) of the start location A they are recorded by recording all consecutively determined positions p i, k , such as by the gray shaded crosses in Fig. 1 illustrated. The recording is terminated when the OBU 2 detects the reaching of the stop location B, ie when its position p i, k reaches a predetermined proximity (tolerance range) of the stop location B. The OBU 2 stores the recorded data in its memory 4.

Nach Beenden der Aufzeichnung am Stop-Ort B sendet die OBU 2 ihre Aufzeichnung ("record") rc über das Mobilfunknetz 9 an die Mautzentrale 10, siehe Pfade 14 und 12. In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Beispiel ist die Aufzeichnung rc der OBU Ok zwischen den Punkten A und B mit rcAB,k bezeichnet und umfasst zumindest jene Folge von Positionen pi,k, welche zwischen den Punkten A und B ermittelt wurde. Die Aufzeichnung rcAB,k kann auch zusätzliche Daten enthalten, z.B. Messdaten von Umgebungssensoren der OBU Ok oder ihres Fahrzeugs, Kenndaten der OBU Ok oder ihres Fahrzeugs, usw. Es versteht sich, dass anstelle von einzelnen Positionen auch Folgen von Positionen ("position fix tracks") tri,n, tri,k von den OBUs 2 gemeldet (Pfeile 11, 12) bzw. aufgezeichnet (Pfeile 14, 12) werden können.After completion of the recording at the stop location B, the OBU 2 sends its record ("record") rc via the mobile network 9 to the toll center 10, see paths 14 and 12. In the in Fig. 1 In the example shown, the record rc of the OBU O k is between points A and B denote rc AB, k and comprises at least that sequence of positions p i, k , which was determined between the points A and B. The record rc AB, k may also contain additional data, eg, measurement data from environmental sensors of the OBU O k or their vehicle, characteristics of the OBU O k or their vehicle, etc. It is understood that instead of individual positions, sequences of positions (" position fix tracks ") tr i, n , tr i, k can be reported by the OBUs 2 (arrows 11, 12) or recorded (arrows 14, 12).

In der Mautzentrale 10 werden anschließend die Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k aller K OBUs Ok der Gruppe mit den von allen K OBUs Ok hinsichtlich des Streckenabschnitts A-B erzeugten Transaktionen taAB,k verglichen, um ein Leistungsmaß PX des Straßenmautsystems 1 zu berechnen. Dazu werden in einem Filterschritt 15 zunächst die in der Mautzentrale 10 aus den Positionsmeldungen pi,n bzw. pi,k erzeugten Mauttransaktionen taj,n bzw. taj,k in Bezug auf jene OBUs Ok und Positionen pi,k gefiltert, welche zwischen den Start- und Stop-Orten A, B liegen, um ausschließlich die in den Abschnitt A-B fallenden Transaktionen {taAB}k der O-BUs Ok zu erhalten.In the toll center 10, the records rc AB, k of all K OBUs O k of the group are then compared with the transactions ta AB, k generated by all K OBUs O k with respect to the link AB to calculate a performance measure P X of the road toll system 1. For this purpose, in a filtering step 15, the toll transactions ta j, n or ta j, k generated in the toll center 10 from the position reports p i, n or p i, k are first of all related to those OBUs O k and positions p i, k filtered, which lie between the start and stop locations A, B, to obtain only the falling in the section AB transactions {ta AB } k of the O-BUs O k .

Aus den derart gefilterten Transaktionen {taAB}k einerseits und OBU-Aufzeichnungen rCAB,k andererseits kann nun das Leistungsmaß PX hinsichtlich jeglicher aus den Transaktionen {taAB}k und Aufzeichnungen rCAB,k ableitbarer Kenngrößen berechnet werden, siehe Schritt 16. Diese Kenngrößen können sein:

  • in den Transaktionen {taAB}k vermautete und laut den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k gefahrene Weglängen L (aus Kartenmaterial oder real gemessen);
  • in den Transaktionen {taAB}k vermautete und in den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k aufgezeichnete Wegzeiten T;
  • anhand der Transaktionen {taAB}k verrechnete Ist- und laut den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k zu entrichtende Soll-Mautgebühren F;
  • laut den Transaktionen {taAB}k vermautete und laut den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k befahrene Arten oder Anzahlen ("segment counts", SC) von Straßensegmenten Sj;
  • laut den Transaktionen {taAB}k vermautete und laut den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k erfahrene Anzahlen von Bakenpassagen ("beacon passage counts", BC), wie später anhand von Fig. 3 noch ausführlicher erläutert; usw. usf.
From the thus filtered transactions {ta AB } k on the one hand and OBU records rC AB, k on the other hand, the performance measure P X can now be calculated with respect to any of the transactions derivable from the transactions {ta AB } k and records rC AB, k , see step 16 These characteristics can be:
  • in the transactions {ta AB } k, and according to the records rc AB, k traveled path lengths L (measured from maps or real);
  • in the transactions {ta AB } k and recorded in the records rc AB, k recorded travel times T;
  • Actual toll F and the records rc AB, k to be paid on the basis of the transactions {ta AB } k ;
  • according to the transactions {ta AB } k and according to the records rc AB, k traveled types or numbers ("segment counts", SC) of road segments S j ;
  • according to the transactions {ta AB } k and according to the records rc AB, k experienced numbers of beacon passage counts (BC), as later on Fig. 3 explained in more detail; etc., etc.

Beispielsweise berechnet sich das Leistungsmaß auf Basis von vermauteten Weglängen L zu aufgezeichneten Weglängen L zu P L = k L ta AB k k L rc AB , k

Figure imgb0001

wobei L({taAB}k) die aus der Folge von auf den Abschnitt AB bezogenen Transaktionen ta der OBU On berechneten Weglängen und L(rcAB,k) die aus der Aufzeichnung rc der OBU Ok hinsichtlich des Abschnitts A-B benutzte Weglängen sind. Wenn beispielsweise alle in den Mauttransaktionen ta abgerechneten Weglängen L für einen Abschnitt A-B gleich den von allen OBUs 2 im Abschnitt A-B aufgezeichneten Weglängen L sind, ist das Leistungsmaß PL gleich 100%. Wenn nur ein Teil der von den OBUs 2 aufgezeichneten Weglängen L in Mauttransaktionen abgerechnet wurde, ist das Leistungsmaß PL entsprechend geringer.For example, the performance measure is calculated on the basis of leased path lengths L to recorded path lengths L to P L = Σ k L ta FROM k Σ k L rc FROM . k
Figure imgb0001

where L ({ta AB } k ) the path lengths calculated from the sequence of transactions TA of the OBU O n related to the section AB and L (rc AB, k ) the path lengths used from the record rc of the OBU O k with respect to the section AB are. If, for example, all the path lengths L calculated in the toll transactions ta are equal to the path lengths L recorded by all the OBUs 2 in the section AB, the performance measure P L is equal to 100%. If only part of the path lengths L recorded by the OBUs 2 have been billed in toll transactions, the performance measure P L is correspondingly lower.

In derselben Art können Leistungsmaße auf Grundlage von Wegzeiten, Gebühren, Straßensegmenten, Bakenpassagen od.dgl. Kenngrößen berechnet werden. Allgemein berechnet sich das Leistungsmaß PX zu P X = k X ta AB k k X rc AB , k

Figure imgb0002

mit X = L T F SC BC
Figure imgb0003

wie oben erläutert.In the same way performance measures based on travel times, fees, road segments, beacon passages or the like. Characteristics are calculated. In general, the performance measure P X is calculated to be P X = Σ k X ta FROM k Σ k X rc FROM . k
Figure imgb0002

With X = L T F SC BC ...
Figure imgb0003

as explained above.

Es versteht sich, dass anstelle eines Verhältnisses (Division) auch jede andere Art von Vergleichsmaß zwischen einerseits aus {taAB}k und andererseits aus rcAB,k ermittelten Kenngrößen berechnet werden könnte, z.B. eine Differenz oder andere Norm für eine Vergleichsabweichung.It is understood that instead of a ratio (division), any other type of comparison measure between on the one hand {ta AB } k and on the other hand from rc AB, k determined characteristics such as a difference or other standard for a comparison error.

Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen eine alternative Ausführungsform des Straßenmautsystems 1 auf Grundlage von "thick client"-OBUs 2', welche zusätzlich über einen Map Matcher 17 verfügen, der den Mautkartenabgleich der Positionen pi,n bzw. pi,k mit z.B. mautpflichtigen Straßensegmenten Sj durch führt, um daraus "fertige" Mauttransaktionen taj,n bzw. taj,k zu erstellen und über das Mobilfunknetz 9 an die Mautzentrale 10 zu senden (Pfade 11, 12). Die OBUs 2 bzw. Ok zeichnen im vorliegenden Beispiel in den Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k nicht mehr einzelne Positionen pi,k auf, sondern z.B. die Tatsache des Befahrens ganzer Straßensegmente Sj, beispielsweise als Liste oder einfach als Anzahl (segment count) SC von zwischen den Start- und Stop-Orten A, B befahrenen Straßensegmenten Sj . Das Leistungsmaß PX kann in diesem Fall z.B. ein auf Straßensegmente gebührenbezogenes Leistungsmaß PF oder ein segmentbezogenes Leistungsmaß PSC sein.The 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the road toll system 1 based on "thick client" OBUs 2 ', which additionally have a map matcher 17, the toll card matching the positions p i, n or p i, k with eg toll road segments S j by leads to create "finished" toll transactions ta j, n or ta j, k and to send via the mobile network 9 to the toll center 10 (paths 11, 12). The OBUs 2 and O k in the present example do not record individual positions p i, k in the records rc AB, k , but rather the fact of driving entire road segments S j , for example as a list or simply as a number (segment count) SC from between the start and stop locations A, B traveled road segments S j . The performance measure P X in this case may be, for example, a performance-related measure P F relating to road segments or a segment-related performance measure P SC .

Die Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen die Anwendung des geschilderten Verfahrens im Rahmen eines DSRC-Straßenmautsystems 1', das auf Hybrid-OBUs 2" basiert. Das DSRC-Straßenmautsystem 1' umfasst ein Netz geographisch verteilter, insbesondere straßenseitig aufgestellter DSRC-Funkbaken 18 bzw. R1, R2, ..., allgemein Rj, welche beispielsweise jeweils zur Vermautung eines Straßensegments Sj dienen. Die Funkbaken 18 haben jeweils einen lokal begrenzten Funkabdeckungsbereich 19, in dem sie Kurzreichweiten-Funkkommunikationen (dedicated short range communications) mit DSRC-Sendeempfängern 20 der OBUs 2" errichten können, um diese auf den jeweiligen Funkabdeckungsbereich 19 zu verorten. Jede OBU 2", die eine DSRC-Funkbake 18 passiert, stößt damit in der Funkbake 18 eine Mauttransaktion taj,n bzw. taj,k an, welche über ein Datennetz 21 an die Mautzentrale 10 gesandt (oder erst dort erzeugt) wird.The FIGS. 5 and 6 show the application of the described method in the context of a DSRC road toll system 1 'which is based on hybrid OBUs 2 "The DSRC road toll system 1' comprises a network of geographically distributed DSRC radio beacons 18 or R 1 , R 2 in particular on the roadside , ..., in general R j , for example, each serving for tolling a road segment S j The radio beacons 18 each have a locally limited radio coverage area 19 in which they short-range radio communications (dedicated short range communications) with DSRC transceivers 20 of the OBUs 2 "to locate them on the respective radio coverage area 19. Each OBU 2 ", which passes a DSRC radio beacon 18, thus abuts in the radio beacon 18 a toll transaction ta j, n or ta j, k , which is sent via a data network 21 to the toll center 10 (or only generated there) ,

Um die Leistungsfähigkeit des DSRC-Straßenmautsystems 1' zu messen, werden den Hybrid-OBUs 2" von der Mautzentrale 10 über das Mobilfunknetz 9 und Mobilfunk-Sendeempfänger 7 in den OBUs 2" Datensammelaufträge m aufgegeben, siehe Pfeil 13. Die OBUs 2" detektieren daraufhin mit Hilfe ihrer Satellitennavigationsempfänger 5 das Erreichen des Start-Orts A, um z.B. eine Aufzeichnung der Funkkommunikationen mit den Funkbaken 18 bzw. Rj (der "Bakenpassagen") auszulösen. Die Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k der OBUs 2" können hier beispielsweise eine Liste der passierten Funkbaken Rj, eine Summe der dort bezahlten Maut oder einfach nur die Anzahl (beacon count) BC an passierten Funkbaken Rj sein. Bei Detektion des Stop-Orts B wird das Aufzeichnen wieder beendet.To measure the performance of the DSRC road toll system 1 ', the hybrid OBUs 2 "from the toll center 10 via the mobile network 9 and mobile transceiver 7 in the OBUs 2 "data collection orders m abandoned, see arrow 13. The OBUs 2" then detect with the help of their satellite navigation receiver 5 reaching the start location A, for example, a record of wireless communications with the radio beacons 18 and R j (the "beacon passages") trigger. The records rc AB, k of the OBUs 2 "can be here, for example, a list of the radio beacons R j passed , a sum of the toll paid there, or simply the number (beacon count) BC of the radio beacons R j passed in. If the stop location is detected B, the recording is terminated again.

Die Mautzentrale 10 sammelt nun einerseits die von den Funkbaken Rj für eine OBU Ok erzeugten oder angestoßenen Mauttransaktionen taj,k und andererseits die von den OBUs Ok über das Mobilfunknetz 9 nach Abschluss der Aufzeichnung gesendeten (Pfeil 14) Aufzeichnungen rcAB,k, filtert die Mauttransaktionen wieder in Schritt 15 und vergleicht sie in Schritt 16 wie zuvor beschrieben, um das Leistungsmaß PX zu erstellen, hier z.B. das Leistungsmaß PBC, PSC oder PF.The toll center 10 now collects on the one hand the toll transactions TA j, k generated or triggered by the radio beacons R j for an OBU O k and on the other hand the (rc 14) records rc AB sent by the OBUs O k via the mobile radio network 9 after completion of the recording. k , filters the toll transactions again in step 15 and compares them in step 16 as described above to create the performance measure P X , here eg the performance measure P BC , P SC or P F.

Die von den OBUs 2, 2', 2" über das Mobilfunknetz 9 an die Mautzentrale 10 gesandten Aufzeichnungen rc werden bevorzugt anonymisiert gesendet, um eine Nachverfolgung ("tracking") von Fahrzeugen zu erschweren. Dazu kann beispielsweise ein (nicht dargestellter) Proxy-Rechner der Mautzentrale 10 vorgeschaltet werden, welcher die Aufzeichnungen rc anonymisiert, beispielsweise OBU-Kennungen Ok daraus entfernt oder durch zufällige ("anonyme") Kennungen ersetzt.The records rc sent by the OBUs 2, 2 ', 2 "via the mobile radio network 9 to the toll center 10 are preferably sent anonymously in order to make it more difficult for vehicles to be" tracked. "For example, a proxy (not shown) can be used. Calculator of the toll center 10 are preceded, which anonymizes the records rc, for example, OBU identifiers O k removed or replaced by random ("anonymous") identifiers.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern umfasst alle Varianten und Modifikationen, die in den Rahmen der angeschlossenen Ansprüche fallen.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but includes all variants and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

Verfahren zum Messen der Leistungsfähigkeit (PX) eines Straßenmautsystems (1, 1'), das auf einer Vielzahl fahrzeuggestützter, jeweils ihre Position (p) bestimmender Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") basiert, die mit geographisch verteilten Funkstationen (8, 18) funkkommunizieren können, um in einer an diese angeschlossenen Mautzentrale (10) positionsbezogene Mauttransaktionen (ta) anzusammeln, umfassend: Senden (13) eines Datensammelauftrags (m) mit einem Start-Ort (A) und einem Stop-Ort (B) von der Mautzentrale (10) über ein Mobilfunknetz (9) an eine Gruppe von Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2"), in jeder Onboard-Unit (2, 2', 2") der Gruppe: wenn die eigene Position (p) in vorgegebene Nähe zum Start-Ort (A) gelangt, Starten eines Aufzeichnens der eigenen Positionen (p) oder davon abgeleiteter Daten (S) oder von Funkkommunikationen mit DSRC-Funkbaken (R) und, wenn die eigene Position (p) in vorgegebene Nähe zum Stop-Ort (B) gelangt, Stoppen des Aufzeichnens und Senden (14) der Aufzeichnung (rc) über das Mobilfunknetz (9) an die Mautzentrale (10), in der Mautzentrale (10): Vergleichen (16) der von allen Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") der Gruppe empfangenen Aufzeichnungen (rc) mit den von diesen Onboard-Units in Bezug auf Positionen (p), die zwischen dem Start- und dem Stop-Ort (A, B) liegen, gesammelten Mauttransaktionen (ta), und Berechnen eines Leistungsmaßes (PX) des Straßenmautsystems (1, 1') auf Basis des Vergleichs (16). Method for measuring the performance (P X ) of a road toll system (1, 1 ') based on a plurality of vehicle-based, respectively position (p) onboard units (2, 2', 2 ") with geographically distributed radio stations (8, 18) may radio-communicate to accumulate position-related toll transactions (ta) in a toll center (10) connected to them, comprising: Sending (13) a data collection order (m) with a start location (A) and a stop location (B) from the toll center (10) via a mobile network (9) to a group of onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 "), in each on-board unit (2, 2 ', 2 ") of the group: when the own position (p) comes in a predetermined proximity to the starting location (A), starting a recording of the own positions (p) or data derived therefrom ( S) or radio communications with DSRC radio beacons (R) and, when the own position (p) comes in predetermined proximity to the stop location (B), stopping the recording and sending (14) of the recording (rc) via the mobile radio network ( 9) to the toll center (10), in the toll center (10): comparing (16) the records (rc) received from all onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 ") of the group with those of those onboard units in relation to positions (p) between the start and stop locations (A, B), collected toll transactions (ta), and Calculating a performance measure (P X ) of the road toll system (1, 1 ') based on the comparison (16). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauttransaktionen (ta) von der Mautzentrale (10) vermauteten Weglängen (L) entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2, 2') zurückgelegte Weglängen (L) angeben, und dass das Leistungsmaß (PL) auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses (16) von vermauteten Weglängen zu zurückgelegten Weglängen berechnet wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toll transactions (ta) from the toll center (10) correspond to marred path lengths (L) and the records (rc) indicate path lengths (L) traveled by the onboard units (2, 2 '), and that the power measure (P L ) is calculated based on at least one ratio (16) of leased path lengths to traveled path lengths. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauttransaktionen (ta) von der Mautzentrale (10) vermauteten Wegzeiten (T) entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2, 2') verbrachte Wegzeiten (T) angeben, und dass das Leistungsmaß (PT) auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses (16) von vermauteten Wegzeiten zu verbrachten Wegzeiten berechnet wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toll transactions (ta) from the toll center (10) correspond to marred time times (T) and the records (rc) from the onboard units (2, 2 ') indicate travel times (T), and that the performance measure (P T ) is calculated based on at least one ratio (16) of landed travel times to travel times spent. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauttransaktionen (ta) von der Mautzentrale (10) verrechneten Ist-Mautgebühren (F) entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") aufgezeichnete Soll-Mautgebühren (F) angeben, und dass das Leistungsmaß (PF) auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses (16) von verrechneten Ist-Mautgebühren zu aufgezeichneten Soll-Mautgebühren berechnet wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toll transactions (ta) correspond to actual toll charges (F) charged by the toll center (10) and the records (rc) are recorded by the onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 ") Toll charge (F), and that the performance measure (P F ) is calculated based on at least one ratio (16) of actual charge tolls charged to recorded target toll charges. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauttransaktionen (ta) von der Mautzentrale (10) vermauteten Straßenabschnitten (SC) entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") befahrene Straßenabschnitte (SC) angeben, und dass das Leistungsmaß (PSC) auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses (16) von vermauteten Straßenabschnitten zu befahrenen Straßenabschnitten berechnet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the toll transactions (ta) of the toll center (10) vermauteten road sections (SC) correspond and the records (rc) of the onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 ") driven road sections (SC ), and that the performance measure (P SC ) is calculated on the basis of at least one ratio (16) of mulched road sections to traveled road sections. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauttransaktionen (ta) von der Mautzentrale (10) vermauteten DSRC-Funkbaken-Passagen (BC) entsprechen und die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2") aufgezeichnete DSRC-Funkbaken-Passagen (BC) angeben, und dass das Leistungsmaß (PBC) auf Basis zumindest eines Verhältnisses (16) von vermauteten Bakenpassagen zu aufgezeichneten Bakenpassagen berechnet wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toll transactions (ta) correspond to the DSRC radio beacon passages (BC) moored by the toll center (10) and the records (rc) are recorded by the DSRC radio beacons recorded by the on-board units (2 "). Indicating passages (BC), and that the performance measure (P BC ) is calculated based on at least a ratio (16) of mounded beacon passages to recorded beacon passages. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Datensammelauftrag (m) auch eine Angabe über einen Gültigkeitszeitraum (T) enthält, wobei das Aufzeichnen in einer Onboard-Unit (2, 2', 2") nur innerhalb dieses Gültigkeitszeitraums (T) durchgeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the data collection order (m) also includes an indication of a validity period (T), wherein the recording in an onboard unit (2, 2 ', 2 ") only within this validity period (T) is performed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funkstationen (8) Basisstationen von Funkzellen des Mobilfunknetzes (9) sind und dass die Onboard-Units (2) die von ihnen bestimmten Positionen (p) über das Mobilfunknetz (9) an die Mautzentrale (10) senden, welche daraus Mauttransaktionen (ta) erzeugt.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radio stations (8) are base stations of radio cells of the mobile radio network (9) and that the on-board units (2) determine the positions (p) determined by them via the mobile radio network (9). to the toll center (10), which generates toll transactions (ta). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funkstationen (8) Basisstationen von Funkzellen des Mobilfunknetzes (9) sind und dass die Onboard-Units (2') aus den von ihnen bestimmten Positionen (p) Mauttransaktionen (ta) erzeugen, welche sie über das Mobilfunknetz (9) an die Mautzentrale (10) senden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radio stations (8) are base stations of radio cells of the mobile network (9) and that the on-board units (2 ') from the positions determined by them (p) toll transactions (ta) generate, which they send via the mobile network (9) to the toll center (10). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funkstationen (18) DSRC-Funkbaken sind, welche die Positionen (p) der Onboards-Units (2") aus den Passagen der jeweiligen DSRC-Funkbake (18) bestimmen, um daraus Mauttransaktionen (ta) zu erzeugen.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radio stations (18) are DSRC radio beacons which determine the positions (p) of the onboard units (2 ") from the passages of the respective DSRC radio beacons (18), to generate toll transactions (ta). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gruppe von Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2"), an die der Datensammelauftrag (m) gesendet wird, alle sich in einem vorgegebenen Bereich um den Start-Ort (A) befindlichen Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") umfasst.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the group of on-board units (2, 2 ', 2 ") to which the data collection task (m) is sent are all within a predetermined range around the starting location (A) located onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 "). Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sich im genannten Bereich befindlichen Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") anhand ihrer letzten positionsbezogenen Mauttransaktionen (ta) bestimmt werden.Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the on-board units (2, 2 ', 2 ") located in said area are determined on the basis of their last position-related toll transactions (ta). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gruppe von Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2"), an die der Datensammelauftrag (m) gesendet wird, anhand einer Fahrzeugklasse ausgewählt wird.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the group of on-board units (2, 2 ', 2 ") to which the data collection task (m) is sent is selected on the basis of a vehicle class. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufzeichnungen (rc) von den Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") anonymisiert an die Mautzentrale gesandt (14) werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the records (rc) of the onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 ") anonymously sent to the toll center (14). Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anonymisieren mit Hilfe eines an das Mobilfunknetz (9) angeschlossenen Proxy-Rechners, über den die Aufzeichnungen (rc) geleitet werden, durchgeführt wird.Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the anonymization is carried out with the aid of a proxy computer connected to the mobile radio network (9) via which the recordings (rc) are routed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Onboard-Units (2, 2', 2") ihre Positionen (p) mittels Satellitennavigation (5, 6) bestimmen.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the onboard units (2, 2 ', 2 ") determine their positions (p) by means of satellite navigation (5, 6).
EP12168187.8A 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system Revoked EP2665044B1 (en)

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EP12168187.8A EP2665044B1 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system
ES12168187T ES2530620T3 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Procedure to measure the performance of a road toll system
SI201230141T SI2665044T1 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system
PL12168187T PL2665044T3 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system
PT121681878T PT2665044E (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 Method for measuring the capacity of a toll system
DK12168187.8T DK2665044T3 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING THE CAPACITY OF A ROADBY SYSTEM

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EP2924662A1 (en) 2014-03-27 2015-09-30 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Onboard unit and method for functional monitoring in a road toll system
EP3920149A1 (en) 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Toll Collect GmbH Method for determining a toll charge, vehicle device and toll system

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EP2423885A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-29 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Device and method for monitoring the function of a road toll system

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EP2423885A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-29 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Device and method for monitoring the function of a road toll system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2924662A1 (en) 2014-03-27 2015-09-30 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Onboard unit and method for functional monitoring in a road toll system
EP3920149A1 (en) 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Toll Collect GmbH Method for determining a toll charge, vehicle device and toll system

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PL2665044T3 (en) 2015-04-30
DK2665044T3 (en) 2015-03-02

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