US5585108A - Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays - Google Patents
Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays Download PDFInfo
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- US5585108A US5585108A US08/366,518 US36651894A US5585108A US 5585108 A US5585108 A US 5585108A US 36651894 A US36651894 A US 36651894A US 5585108 A US5585108 A US 5585108A
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/145—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to formulations of gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays.
- GI tract mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract
- Drug such as antacids, antimicrobial and antifungal agents tend to pass through the GI tract rapidly without providing sufficient local preventive/unactive effects.
- Such formulations should have excellent mucosal coating properties for both the upper and lower GI tract, i.e. it should have mucoadhesive or bioadhesive properties that enable the entire GI tract to be coated. Since the slightly watersoluble drugs do not by themselves possess such bioadhesive or mucoadhesive properties, the formulations containing them must provide the same.
- Bioadhesion is usually achieved by interaction of either a synthetic or natural polymeric substance with the mucosal membranes of the GI tract. Such technology has been employed to enhance drug delivery by decreasing the transit time of a drug substance in the GI tract and hence promote an opportunity for enhanced absorption. With regards to the development water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble drug formulations intended to coat the GI tract, it is important to identify mucosal adhesives that coat the GI surfaces and affect diseased or abnormal tissues. Highly charged carboxylated polyanions are good candidates for use as bioadhesives in the GI tract. See, for example: Park, K. and Robinson, J. R., Bioadhesion: Polymers and Platforms for Oral-Controlled Drug Delivery; Method to Study Bioadhesion.
- mucus This forms a network of mucus that is a continuous layer covering the GI tract.
- mucus consists of highly hydrated, crosslinked linear, flexible yet random coiled glycoprotein molecules with a net negative charge. Understanding the principles of bioadhesion is the basis for formulating an oral compositions for coating the GI tract.
- Bioadhesion accounts for the interaction between a biological surface and a biomaterial substance.
- bioadhesive agents are usually polymeric substances that adhere to tissues by ionic or covalent bonds or by physical attachment.
- bioadhesives bind to membrane surfaces and are retained for variable periods of time.
- an orally/rectally administrable GI formulations containing an effective amount of a water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble therapeutic agent.
- a method for affecting diseased conditions in the Gi tract comprising oral or rectal administration to a patient an effective amount of the above-identified formulation to prevent or cure such diseased conditions.
- an orally/rectally administrable therapeutic composition comprising:
- primary stabilizer a bioadhesive or mucoadhesive surfactant stabilizer
- Secondary stabilizers may also be used in the x-ray contrast formulation up to about 1% w/v, preferably up to about 0.2% w/v, and most preferably up to about 0.1% w/v.
- Secondary stabilizers include dioctylsulfosuccinate (DOSS) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).
- ingredients customarily used in oral pharmaceutical formulations may also be included, such as flavorants, colorants and preservatives to provide pharmaceutically acceptable and palatable formulations.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that particulate crystalline materials can be rendered mucoadhesive or bioadhesive in the gastrointestinal tract when the particulate crystalline material is combined with certain surface active agents in a suspension.
- the invention can be practiced with a wide variety of crystalline materials that are water-insoluble or poorly soluble in water.
- poorly soluble means that the material has a solubility in aqueous medium of less than about 10 mg/ml, and preferably of less than about 1 mg/ml. Suitable drug substances for use in the present invention follow.
- Suitable drug substance can be selected from a variety of known classes of drugs including, for example, antacids, anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics (including penicillins), antimycobacterial agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, parasympathomimetics, radio-pharmaceuticals, sympathomimetics, demulcents, emollients, gastrointestinal protectives and adsorbents, antifungals, H2-blocking agents, proton pump inhibitors, muscarinic antagonists, bismuth compounds, sucralfate, carbenoxolone, prostaglandins, digestants, bile acids, laxatives, antiparasitic agents, anthelmintics, antiprotozoal agents, antimicrobial agents, vitamins, immunologic agents, vaccines, anesthetics, lipid-regulating agents and bile acid sequestrants.
- antibiotics including penicillins
- antimycobacterial agents include antiviral agents, corticosteroids, parasympathomimetics,
- Preferred drug substances include those intended for oral administration and rectal administration.
- a description of these classes of drugs and a listing of species within each class can be found in Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, Twenty-Ninth Edition, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1989, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the drug substances are commercially available and/or can be prepared by techniques known in the art.
- the surfactants found to have bioadhesive or mucoadhesive properties include:
- Poloxamers having an average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 15,000 daltons having an average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 15,000 daltons
- Poloxamers are polyethylene-polypropylene glycol block polymers containing ethylene oxide (PEO) and propylene oxide (PPO) moles according to the formula (PEO)a - (PPO)b - (PEO)c wherein
- a is 46, 52, 62, 75, 97, 98, 122 and 128;
- b is 16, 30, 35, 39, 47, 54 and 67;
- c is 46, 52, 62, 75, 97, 98, 122 and 128.
- Table 1 shows the various poloxamers by manufacturer-designated number.
- Preferred surfactants for use in the present invention are:
- the particulates were prepared by milling the large particles mixed with an appropriate surface active agent to obtain the desired particle size.
- the large particulates may be comminuted to the desired particle size and subsequently intimately mixed with the appropriate surface active agent.
- the milling technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,684, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- particle size refers to a number average particle size as measured by conventional particle size measuring techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as sedimentation field flow fractionation, photon correlation spectroscopy, or disk centrifugation.
- an effective average particle size of less than about 400 nm for example, it is meant that at least 90% of the particles have a weight average particle size of less than about 400 nm when measured by the above-noted techniques.
- the effective average particle size it is preferred that at least 95% and, more preferably, at least 99% of the particles have a particle size less than the effective average, e.g., 400 nm. In particularly preferred embodiments, essentially all of the particles have a size less than 400 nm.
- the particles of this invention can be prepared in a method comprising the steps of dispersing a substance in a liquid dispersion medium and applying mechanical means in the presence of grinding media to reduce the particle size of the substance to an effective average particle size of less than about 400 nm.
- the particles are reduced in size in the presence of the surface active agent.
- the particles can be intimately mixed with a surface active agent after attrition.
- a general procedure for preparing the particles of this invention is set forth below.
- the substance selected is obtained commercially and/or prepared by techniques known in the art in a conventional coarse form. It is preferred, but not essential, that the particle size of the coarse substance selected be less than about 100 ⁇ m as determined by sieve analysis. If the coarse particle size of the substance is greater than about 100 ⁇ m, then it is preferred that the particles of the substance be reduced in size to less than 100 ⁇ m using a conventional milling method such as airjet of fragmentation milling.
- the mechanical means applied to reduce the particle size of the substance conveniently can take the form of a dispersion mill.
- Suitable dispersion mills include a ball mill, an attritor mill, a vibratory mill, and media mills such as a sand mill and a bead mill.
- a media mill is preferred due to the relatively shorter milling time required to provide the intended result, i.e., the desired reduction in particle size.
- the grinding media for the particle size reduction step can be selected from rigid media preferably spherical or particulate in form having an average size less than about 3 mm and, more preferably, less than about 1 mm. Such media desirably can provide the particles of the invention with shorter processing times and impart less wear to the milling equipment.
- the selection of material for the grinding media is not believed to be critical.
- zirconium oxide, such as 95% ZrO stabilized with magnesia, zirconium silicate and glass grinding media provide particles having levels of contamination which are believed to be acceptable for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.
- other media such as stainless steel, titania, alumina, and 95% ZrO stabilized with yttrium, are expected to be useful.
- Preferred media have a density greater than about 3 g/cm 3 .
- the attrition time can vary widely and depends primarily upon the particular mechanical means and processing conditions selected. For ball mills, processing times of up to five days or longer may be required. On the other hand, processing times of less than 1 day (residence times of one minute up to several hours) have provided the desired results using a high shear media mill.
- the particles must be reduced in size at a temperature which does not significantly degrade the substance. Processing temperatures of less than about 30°-40° C. are ordinarily preferred. If desired, the processing equipment can be cooled with conventional cooling equipment. The method is conveniently carried out under conditions of ambient temperature and at processing pressures which are safe and effective for the milling process. For example, ambient processing pressures are typical of ball mills, attritor mills and vibratory mills. Processing pressures up to about 20 psi (1.4 kg/cm 2 ) are typical of media milling.
- Particle size analysis was carried out using the Microtract Ultrafine Particle Analyzer. (Leeds and Northrup Co.; St. Russia, Fla.) Nanosuspension particle size was determined during the milling process and again immediately before the nanosuspensions were administered to rodents. Particle size was determined on the Coulter Model N4MD Submicron Particle Analyzer. (Coulter Corp.; Miami Lakes, Fla.).
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Molecular Weights of Poloxamers Av. Values Poloxamer No. Pluronic Av. Mol. Wt. a b c ______________________________________ 401 4,400 6 67 6 402 5,000 13 67 13 403 5,750 21 67 21 407 F127 12,000 98 67 98 331 3,800 7 54 7 333 4,950 20 54 20 334 5,850 31 54 31 335 6,000 38 54 38 338 F108 15,000 128 54 128 282 3,650 10 47 10 284 4,600 21 47 21 288 F98 13,500 122 47 122 231 2,750 6 39 6 234 4,200 22 39 22 235 4,600 27 39 27 237 F87 7,700 62 39 62 238 F88 10,800 97 39 97 212 2,750 8 35 8 215 4,150 24 35 24 217 F77 6,600 52 35 52 181 2,000 3 30 3 182 2,500 8 30 8 183 2,650 10 30 10 184 2,900 13 30 13 185 3,400 19 30 19 188 F68 8,350 75 30 75 122 1,630 5 21 5 123 1,850 7 21 7 124 2,200 11 21 11 101 1,100 2 16 2 105 1,900 11 16 11 108 F38 5,000 46 16 46 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Sucralfate 20 g Pluronic F127 4.0 g Benzoate Sodium 0.2 g Saccharin Sodium 0.1 g FD&C Red No. 40 0.03 g Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Carbenoxolone 15 g Pluronic F127 4.0 g Benzoate Sodium 0.2 g Sorbate Potassium 0.15 g Saccharin Sodium 0.1 g FD&C Red No. 40 0.03 g Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Ursodeoxycholic Acid 25 g Pluronic F88 5.0 g Benzoate Sodium 0.2 g Saccharin Sodium 0.1 g FD&C Red No. 3 0.03 g Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Cholic Acid 19 g Sucrose 10 g Pluronic F77 4.0 g Dioctylsulfosuccinate 0.1 g Methylparabens 0.2 g Propylparabens 0.07 g FD&C Yellow No. 5 0.03 g Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Vitamin B 15 g Pluronic F127 5 g Sorbitol 5 g Benzoate Sodium 0.2 g Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Penicillin 22 g HPMC (2% = 100 cps) 2 g Steam sterilized by autoclaving at 120° C. 0.2 g for 21 minutes & 5 psig Water, qs 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ Antibacterial 20 g Pluronic F127 4.0 g Benzoate Sodium 0.2 g Sorbate Potassium 0.15 g Saccharin Sodium 0.1 g Water, qs 100 ml Hydrochloric Acid adjust to pH 4.0 ______________________________________
Claims (4)
M.sup.+ Al.sub.3y (FeMg).sub.y Si.sub.4 O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 ·nH.sub.2 O;
M.sup.+ (Al.sub.2 (Si.sub.4-x Al.sub.x)O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 ·nH.sub.2 O;
M.sup.+ (Fe.sub.2.sup.3+ (Si.sub.4-x Al.sub.x)O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 ·nH.sub.2 0;
M+(Mg.sub.3-y (AlFe).sub.y Si.sub.4-x Al.sub.x)O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 ·nH.sub.2 O;
M.sup.+ (Mg.sub.3-y Li.sub.y)Si.sub.4 O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 ·nH.sub.2 O;
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/366,518 US5585108A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1994-12-30 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
CA002206998A CA2206998A1 (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-12-04 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
AU44254/96A AU4425496A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-12-04 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
EP95943139A EP0801558A1 (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-12-04 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
PCT/US1995/016445 WO1996020696A1 (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-12-04 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/366,518 US5585108A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1994-12-30 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
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US5585108A true US5585108A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
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US08/366,518 Expired - Lifetime US5585108A (en) | 1994-12-30 | 1994-12-30 | Formulations of oral gastrointestinal therapeutic agents in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable clays |
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US (1) | US5585108A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0801558A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4425496A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2206998A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996020696A1 (en) |
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