US7916628B2 - Trunking for fabric ports in fibre channel switches and attached devices - Google Patents
Trunking for fabric ports in fibre channel switches and attached devices Download PDFInfo
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- US7916628B2 US7916628B2 US10/979,886 US97988604A US7916628B2 US 7916628 B2 US7916628 B2 US 7916628B2 US 97988604 A US97988604 A US 97988604A US 7916628 B2 US7916628 B2 US 7916628B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/25—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
- H04L49/3009—Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
- H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
- H04L49/357—Fibre channel switches
Definitions
- This invention pertains to Fibre Channel networks and the devices and methods implemented therein. More specifically, the invention pertains to devices and methods for extending trunking functionality to fabric ports on switches and attached devices.
- SAN Storage Area Network
- a storage area network is a high-speed special-purpose network that interconnects different data storage devices and associated data hosts on behalf of a larger network of users.
- a SAN may use various types of network traffic, but more often than not it employs Fibre Channel frames.
- SAN islands For example, a business might employ one SAN island for human resources applications, another SAN island for engineering applications, another for marketing, etc. Each SAN island contains a physically isolated switch or a group of switches for connecting hosts to storage devices. While this approach may enforce separation of data between various groups in an organization, it frequently under utilizes hardware and management resources.
- VSANs virtual SANs
- MDS9000 family of switches from Cisco Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif.
- Cisco Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif.
- VSANs virtual SANs
- a multiple SAN islands may be collapsed to a single physical infrastructure, thereby reducing hardware costs and improving manageability while maintaining the stability and traffic isolation of the SAN island model.
- Each VSAN is logically separate and may be assigned to a separate group, e.g., marketing, engineering, etc.
- this collapsed fabric model some or all switches and inter-switch links in the fabric carry traffic for multiple VSANs.
- E_Ports interconnect ports
- HBAs host bus adaptors
- F_Ports or FL_Ports could be configured in one VSAN only.
- the VSAN of the attached switch port also called the “port VSAN” is implicitly assigned to the HBA and all traffic transmitted or received by the HBA belongs to that VSAN.
- Fibre Channel VSAN implementations require that node devices employ multiple HBAs to connect to multiple switchports—one for each supported VSAN—to achieve multi-homing (participation in multiple VSANs). This redundancy is wasteful. So while the deployment of multiple VSANs on a common topology represents a significant advance in storage area network technology, the requirement that a node have a separate physical interface for each of its VSANs presents a significant waste of resources. Therefore, an improved protocol and apparatus design to provide more efficient use of N_Port and F_Port resources is needed.
- the present invention addresses this need by providing new logic for node ports and fabric ports.
- the logic allows designation of multiple virtual interfaces on a single host bus adaptor or other Fibre Channel interface, with one virtual interface for each VSAN available on the node interface.
- Node ports with this additional functionality are referred to as trunking N_Ports or TN_Ports.
- These ports have a functional design allowing creation of the multiple virtual interfaces as appropriate for the application at hand.
- This port design also includes logic for communicating with a peer fabric port to initialize and modify the configuration of the virtual interfaces on the TN_Port.
- the invention further provides a corresponding functional design and communication logic in fabric ports, referred to herein as trunking F_Ports or TF_Ports.
- the port includes a controller for managing trunking on the port by communicating with a peer port over the Fibre Channel link. Through the communication, the port can determine whether virtual SAN functionality is available and if so define one or more virtual SAN interfaces, with each virtual SAN interface providing the functionality of a single virtual SAN. For determining whether virtual SAN functionality is available, the controller is designed or configured to negotiate a mode of operation with the peer, with the available modes of operation include trunking and non-trunking over the Fibre Channel link.
- the controller is designed or configured to identify VSANs common to the switch port and the node port.
- the communication for managing trunking takes place using an Exchange Peer Parameter (EPP) protocol.
- EPP Exchange Peer Parameter
- the port may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of the two.
- the trunking N_Port may be characterized by the following features: (a) a physical N_Port interface designed or configured to provide functionality of a non-trunking N_Port when virtual SAN functionality is not available; and (b) a controller for managing trunking on the trunking N_Port.
- the controller in this aspect is designed or configured to communicate with an F_Port on a Fibre Channel switch and determine whether virtual SAN functionality is available and if so define one or more virtual SAN interfaces on the trunking N_Port, with each virtual SAN interface providing the functionality of an N_Port for a single virtual SAN.
- the physical N_Port functionality provides no information regarding virtual SANs in frames transmitted therefrom.
- the one or more of the virtual SAN interfaces are designed or configured to provide frames containing information identifying the particular virtual SAN to which it belongs. Such information may be provided in an EISL header for the frames. Such frames may also specify QoS parameters, MPLS features, etc. available for the virtual SANs.
- the controller has a Fibre Channel well known address but is typically designed such that it does not take part in data traffic.
- a further aspect of the invention pertains to methods of establishing a link between a trunking N_Port on a node and an F_Port on a Fibre Channel switch.
- Such methods may be characterized by the following sequence: (a) determining whether virtual SAN functionality exists on the F_Port; and (b) defining one or more virtual SAN interfaces on the trunking N_Port, with each virtual SAN interface providing the functionality of an N_Port for a single virtual SAN.
- both (a) and (b) are both implemented by communicating between the trunking N_Port on a node and the F_Port. Such communication may be accomplished using the EPP protocol, for example.
- Another aspect of the invention pertains to storage networks including multiple nodes having trunking N_Ports and a fabric comprised of switches having F_Ports linked to the trunking N_Ports.
- the trunking N_Ports comprise controllers designed or configured to communicate with F_Ports on a Fibre Channel switch and determine whether virtual SAN functionality is available and if so define one or more virtual SAN interfaces on their trunking N_Ports, with each virtual SAN interface providing the functionality of an N_Port for a single virtual SAN.
- Still another aspect of the invention pertains to computer program products including machine-readable media on which are stored program instructions for implementing at least some portion of the methods described above. Any of the methods of this invention may be directed, in whole or in part, by executing program instructions provided on such computer readable media.
- the invention pertains to various combinations of data and data structures generated and/or used as described herein.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram of a simple storage area network including a storage area network fabric and associated end nodes, which belong to two different VSANs.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram of a simple storage area network including a storage area network fabric and associated end nodes employing trunking N_Ports, which support traffic for two different VSANs.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing various functional components of trunking N_Port in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 3 is an interaction diagram depicting, at a relatively high level, some interactions between a trunking F_Port and a trunking N_Port in setting up a trunking link that supports multiple VSANs, in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing how different configurations of the F_Port and TN_Port may result in different modes of operation on a shared link.
- FIG. 5A is an interaction diagram showing a message exchange in which a TN_Port learns that an F_Port does not support a protocol (EPP) for determining trunking parameters on a link.
- EPP protocol
- FIG. 5B is an interaction diagram showing a message exchange in which a TN_Port learns that an F_Port supports a protocol (EPP) for determining trunking parameters on a link.
- EPP protocol
- FIG. 6A is a schematic representation of an EPP frame format including TLV sections in the EPP payload.
- FIG. 6B is a table showing a matrix for trunk mode negotiation between a TN_Port and an F_Port in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 7 is an interaction diagram showing how the EPP protocol may be used to negotiate trunking parameters in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 8 depicts a switch or other network device that may be configured to perform the methods of the present invention.
- Trunking allows a single port and associated link to carry traffic for multiple different virtual groups of network devices (e.g., multiple VSANs).
- a single physical infrastructure can support these separate groups, each of which may require its own security policy, quality of service parameters (QoS), communications protocols, etc.
- QoS quality of service parameters
- VSANs may also be designed to support MPLS in Fibre Channel infrastructures.
- N_Ports reside network end nodes such as hosts and disks.
- F_Ports reside on fabric switches and connect to N_Ports to provide links between nodes and fabric switches.
- E_Ports are used for links between fabric switches, inter-switch links (ISLs). To date only E_Ports have been designed to carry traffic for multiple VSANs.
- the present invention allows for an improved SAN design in which the HBAs or other node interfaces can be configured in multiple VSANs. In this manner, multi-homing is achieved even while attaching a single N_Port to a single F_Port. This improves the utilization factor of bandwidth in HBAs (and the attached switch ports), reducing the overall port count requirement in the SAN, and hence, reducing the overall Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
- One example application for trunking with HBAs is the tape backup application where instead of having one HBA for each VSAN to be backed up, one HBA may be used for backup of multiple VSANs.
- FIG. 1A depicts a simple storage area network including a storage area network fabric 101 and associated end nodes. These nodes include hosts 114 , 116 , and 128 , as well as storage disks 104 , 106 , and 108 . The hosts may be servers or other computers requiring access to the data on the disks. Fabric 101 is comprised of switches 118 , 120 , and 122 coupled by inter-switch links 124 , 127 , and 126 . These switches run a storage area network protocol such as Fibre Channel, which provides communication between the nodes via Fibre Channel frames.
- Fibre Channel Fibre Channel
- a single infrastructure such as fabric 101 can support multiple VSANs, each associated with a distinct group of nodes.
- VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 two VSANs are implemented on the storage area network, VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 .
- the nodes belonging to VSAN 1 are hosts 114 and 128 and disk 106 . All three switches have dedicated ports that support traffic on VSAN 1 .
- the nodes belonging to VSAN 2 are hosts 116 and 128 , as well as disks 104 and 108 . Only switches 120 and 122 allow traffic on both VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 .
- Switch 118 is dedicated to traffic on VSAN 1 . Note that links carrying traffic on VSAN 1 are indicated by solid lines while links carrying traffic on VSAN 2 are indicated by dashed lines.
- Inter-switch links employ Fibre Channel E_Ports.
- Fabric ports are ports on switches that communicate over links with node ports (N_Ports).
- E_Ports are referred to trunking E_Ports or “TE_Ports.” It is important to note that in current technology, as depicted in FIG. 1A , trunking is limited to inter-switch links. Links between N_Ports and F_Ports are necessarily non-trunking. As indicated, this presents a burden if a particular node needs to communicate on multiple VSANs.
- node 128 belongs to both VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 .
- hosts 128 must include separate ports (network interfaces such as HBAs) for each VSAN.
- each switch must provide a separate F_Port for each VSAN over which it and its associated node will communicate. This situation is depicted in switch 122 of fabric 101 .
- trunking N_Ports (TN_Ports) and trunking F_Ports (TF_Ports). These allow a single HBA or other node interface to communicate with a single F_Port and provide edge traffic for two separate VSANs over a single link.
- FIG. 1B where host 128 , which belongs to both VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 , contains a single HBA 134 connected to switch 122 via a link 136 . This link is coupled to a trunking F_Port 138 on switch 122 .
- link 136 carries traffic for both VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 , and is thus deemed a trunking link.
- the principal difference between the networks depicted in FIGS. 1A and 1B is in the use of a single HBA 134 and a single F_Port 138 for communications between node 128 and switch 122 , which communications may include traffic on both VSAN 1 and VSAN 2 .
- a TN_Port will include some control logic that can set up and initialize multiple virtual interfaces in a single node port.
- the control logic will need to communicate with corresponding logic on a trunking fabric port to negotiate and identify supported VSANs on the common link.
- the control logic may also communicate and negotiate to the extent needed state changes in existing trunk links. Such changes may include conversion from trunking to non-trunking, change in the list of supported or available VSANs, changes from non-trunking to trunking, etc.
- the control logic initially determines whether its peer fabric port supports or currently permits establishment of VSANs and/or trunking. It may use a conventional node login procedure for this purpose, e.g., FLOGI in the case of Fibre Channel. If it is determined that the fabric port cannot or currently does not support trunking, then it may configure the TN_Port to act as a conventional N_Port which does not explicitly recognize VSANs. If the control logic does find that its peer F_Port supports and permits trunking, it may then negotiate with the F_Port to determine which VSANs will be supported in the trunking link.
- a conventional node login procedure for this purpose, e.g., FLOGI in the case of Fibre Channel. If it is determined that the fabric port cannot or currently does not support trunking, then it may configure the TN_Port to act as a conventional N_Port which does not explicitly recognize VSANs. If the control logic does find that its peer F_Port supports and permits trunking, it may then negotiate with the F_Port to determine which VSANs will be supported in
- the fabric port will similarly contain control logic for confirming that it supports trunking and for negotiating appropriate parameters (list of supported VSANs for the link, etc.) with the TN_Port.
- Appropriate functional designs for the TN_Port and TF_Port will be described below.
- Fibre Channel node device e.g., a host bus adaptor
- TN_Port Trunking N port
- Such a device when attached to a switchport in TF_Port mode can transmit and receive frames in one or more VSANs over the same physical link. In one embodiment, this is accomplished when using the EISL frame format.
- FIG. 2 One example of a TN_Port model is shown in FIG. 2 .
- a fabric switch 205 is coupled to a node 201 by a Fibre Channel link 203 .
- Data transmission and management of the link is provided by a fabric port 211 in switch 205 and a node port 207 in node 201 . These are configured as trunking ports having functionality described herein.
- TN_Port 207 includes three types of logical entities: an HBA Controller N_Port 213 , a Physical HBA interface 215 , and one or more virtual HBA interfaces (one for each VSAN configured) 217 .
- Each of these logical entities exchanges frames over the same physical link 203 attached to the TN_Port.
- the physical link 203 can receive frames specifying a VSAN or other virtual fabric (in for example EISL format).
- the TN_Port 207 can operate in various modes as explained below. Even if it is in a mode that does not support trunking, it can implicitly support a single VSAN, as with current technology.
- the HBA Controller N_Port 213 is a logical entity that is responsible for communicating with attached TF_Port 211 for configuration and management of trunking feature on TN_Port 207 . It may accomplish this using any appropriate communication protocol.
- the configuration and management communications take the form of Fibre Channel exchanges using the Exchange Peer Parameter (EPP) protocol.
- EPP Exchange Peer Parameter
- the entity may behave like an N_Port with a well-known address, but it does not take part in data traffic.
- the HBA Controller N_Port 213 may be given a well-known address (WKA), e.g., the value hex FFFFFD. It may also be given a unique VSAN tag or ID (e.g., 4094) to use during these configuration and management communications.
- WKA well-known address
- a virtual HBA interface 217 is a logical entity of the TN_Port that mimics the functionality of a physical N_Port attached to an F_Port, but exchanges traffic in one VSAN only. Configuration exchanges, as described below, are established to specify the number and identities of virtual HBA interfaces 217 .
- the VSAN IDs are assigned by the controller 213 to individual virtual HBA interfaces based upon parameter values established during set up with the TF_Port 211 .
- a WWN is assigned by node device 201 .
- each TN_Port has the ability to instantiate one or more such virtual HBAs, one for each configured VSAN.
- Three virtual HBA interfaces 217 are shown in TN_Port 207 . Each has the ability to apply its own VSAN tag to outgoing frames. Each also has the ability to process incoming frames sorted to it based on VSAN tag.
- Applications running on node 201 communicate with individual ones of the virtual HBA interfaces 217 based on their participation in the various supported VSANs.
- the virtual HBA interfaces 217 each perform FLOGI in the manner of a conventional N_Port and take part in data traffic in the configured VSAN.
- All frames transmitted and received by the virtual HBAs 217 are carried over the same physical link 203 between the TN_Port 207 and the attached F_Port 211 . If link 203 is operational in trunking, all frames are tagged in EISL format (or other VSAN aware format); otherwise, all frames are untagged.
- the Physical HBA Interface 215 is an optional logical entity that mimics the functionality of a physical N_Port attached to an F_Port but is not VSAN aware. It comes into play when either virtual HBA support of the TN_Port is disabled or the attached F_Port does not support VSANs, as well as a communication protocol for configuring VSANs on N_Port 207 . This interface is not used when any of the virtual HBAs 217 are instantiated and active. Most commonly, this interface is used when the TN_Port is attached to a switch that is not VSAN aware or when the applications running on node 201 do not support virtual HBA interfaces.
- Physical HBA Interface 215 When activated, Physical HBA Interface 215 exchanges all traffic originating with and received by TN_port 207 . All such traffic is untagged. In all other aspects, data transfer on interface 215 resembles that on conventional HBAs, which have no knowledge of VSANs. For Physical Interface 215 , a VSAN ID may be implicitly assigned by the F_Port, and a WWN is assigned by node device 201 .
- Physical HBA interface 215 may be unnecessary.
- One such implementation could, for example, employ at least one instance of block 217 and this could also perform the function of the Physical HBA when needed.
- the HBA controller block 213 is also shown as one possible way to implement the functionality required. It may not be required in alternate implementations.
- TF_Port The logical design of a TF_Port is generally similar to that of the TN_Port and mirrors its functionality in many ways. It supports multiple VSANs and may be viewed as creating a virtual interface for each separate VSAN, in the manner depicted for the TN_Port in FIG. 2 . Each virtual interface may have the ability to apply a VSAN label to outgoing frames. And incoming VSAN frames are sorted to the individual virtual interfaces for separate handling. Generally, however, the F_Port virtual interfaces need not have the ability to handle FLOGI frames or provide as much support to higher level applications as is provided by the virtual HBA interfaces in TN_Ports, at least in some implementations.
- an F_Port becomes operational in TF_Port mode, if the attached Fibre Channel node supports EPP services and the trunk mode configuration at both ends of the link allows trunking.
- Various methods and functional designs may be employed to configure linked N_Ports and F_Ports for trunking.
- a three-phase procedure is employed. First, the N_Port determines whether the F_Port can communicate via a protocol intended to allow configuration. Assuming that the N_Port confirms this, the ports then use such protocol to negotiate parameter values needed to configure their link. Examples of such parameters include mode of operation for the ports (trunking versus non-trunking), number of VSANs supported, and identification of VSANs supported. Finally, after the negotiation is complete and the link VSANs are identified (if any), each individual virtual HBA interface separately logs into the fabric (for its particular VSAN). Any other pre-login protocols, as applicable shall be performed before the logins performed by individual virtual HBA interfaces.
- FIG. 3 This basic procedure is illustrated in FIG. 3 , where interactions between an F_Port 301 and a TN_Port 303 are depicted as diagonal lines.
- the process begins with TN_Port 303 sending a frame 305 to F_Port 303 proposing trunking (or at least some form of communication under a defined protocol for configuring trunking).
- the F_Port then recognizes that it is being asked to communicate in the protocol and responds with a frame 307 confirming that it can and will communicate in such protocol.
- TN_Port 303 receives this message, it prepares to enter the second phase of the setup. Note that if the TN_Port has a functional design as illustrated in FIG. 2 , the logic to send frame 305 and interpret frame 307 may reside with the Physical HBA Interface 215 . No VSAN support has yet been confirmed, so communication via a conventional HBA is appropriate.
- HBA controller N_Port 213 takes over (again assuming the functional design of FIG. 2 ).
- a series of communications may be required to fully negotiate the parameter set going forward.
- two communications are intended to represent the entire negotiation phase of setup. These are a message 309 from the TN_Port to initiate negotiation and a message 311 from F_Port 301 to conclude negotiation.
- the negotiation takes place in an EPP protocol.
- each of these may initiate a separate fabric login for its specific VSAN. This is indicated by FLOGI messages 313 and 315 from the TN_Port 303 .
- the active virtual HBA interfaces ( 217 from FIG. 2 ) send the FLOGI messages.
- Corresponding logic in F_Port 301 provides the fabric side of the login for each virtual HBA interface.
- the particular mode of operation is governed by the current states of the node and fabric ports.
- the switchport state may or may not support the chosen communication protocol for negotiating VSAN services on the link (e.g., EPP).
- the current trunking configurations may be different at the two ends.
- the particular mode adopted at any time is determined in large measure by the current configuration of the fabric switchport.
- the TN_Port itself may be configured to enable or disable virtual VSAN support based on the applications supported by the HBA. If, for example, the supported and active applications do not require VSAN differentiation, then it may be appropriate to disable virtual VSAN support.
- FIG. 4 depicts the various modes of operation in accordance the described embodiment. As shown, the port settings and capabilities specify modes of operation as follows:
- TN_Port When virtual HBA support is disabled in the TN_Port, its trunking capability is necessarily disabled, and the physical HBA interface is used for all traffic; the HBA contoller N_Port and the virtual HBA interfaces are not used.
- the TN_Port is thus configured if, for example, (a) the applications supported do not require operation in multiple VSANs or cannot make use VSAN specific features such as QoS or (b) the TN_Port is intended to be attached to a switch that does not support trunking.
- the node applications are expected to work with one or more of the virtual HBA interfaces, and the TN_Port is expected to be attached to a switch that can support trunking.
- the TN_Port is thus configured but attached to a switch that does not support the defined negotiation protocol or has such support disabled, the TN_Port will behave like a normal N_Port, as mentioned above, and the physical HBA interface will be used.
- the operational trunk mode of the link is determined during negotiation of services, and it depends on the trunk mode configuration at both endpoints (discussed later). In this case, the physical HBA interface is not used irrespective of the operational trunk mode of the link.
- the virtual HBA interface for the port VSAN of the attached port is used instead of the physical HBA interface to ensure smooth transition from non-trunking to trunking mode of the link.
- the node and fabric ports must first agree on a set of parameters for their link. To accomplish this, they must employ a common protocol for the setup. Thus, as an initial matter, the ports must determine that their peer is prepared to communicate using such common protocol.
- a common protocol is the Exchange Peer Parameter (EPP) protocol, and an implementation of the invention employing EPP will be described below.
- EPP Exchange Peer Parameter
- Other examples setup protocols include the existing FC SW-ILS request response based protocol.
- the EPP protocol may be enabled as a registration/set-up protocol for TN_Ports.
- One procedure for detecting EPP capability will now be described. In this procedure, if EPP capability is not detected, then the peer node port and switch port do not use a VSAN-specific communication for any set-up or data traffic purposes. In this case, there will be no negotiation of VSAN parameters. And in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 , all subsequent communication from the TN_Port will take place via the physical HBA interface.
- the TN_Port and the F_Port subsequently negotiate appropriate VSAN parameters for future data traffic. As indicated elsewhere, this entails determining common features for the link including the mode of operation, a particular port VSAN (for non-trunking applications), and a list of common VSANs to be supported by the link. Other link-related parameters may be negotiated at this time as well.
- One mechanism for detecting EPP capability employs the Fibre Channel log in sequence, wherein the N_Port begins the process by sending an FLOGI. This implementation is depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B . Because Fibre Channel requires the N_Port to send an FLOGI message after link initialization, EPP detection can be conveniently implemented during this stage.
- FIG. 5A depicts a scenario in which the F_Port does not support EPP and hence trunking is not enabled over the link.
- the TN_Port 501 begins the process with an FLOGI frame 505 .
- This message has been slightly modified from the standard FLOGI frame format in that it has some indication that specifies to a capable F_Port that an EPP exchange is desired.
- an F_Port 503 does not support EPP and/or has its trunking feature disabled.
- F_Port 503 receives FLOGI frame 505 , it responds in a manner indicating to TN_Port 501 that it either did not detect the indication of EPP support and/or it does not support EPP or trunking currently.
- the message 507 sent by F_Port 503 to indicate this is an accept message for fabric login (LS_ACC) having a fabric address.
- TN_Port 501 now understands that F_Port 503 will not participate in the desired parameter exchange to support VSAN trunking, the physical HBA interface of the TN_Port becomes active and the link operates in a non-trunking mode. Note that even though the F_Port does not participate in the trunking negotiation, it may still support VSAN applications. It simply may not have been prepared to participate in a parameter exchange or trunking. In this case, F_Port 503 will treat all frames as belonging to its port VSAN.
- FIG. 5B depicts a different scenario in which F_Port 503 supports EPP and is prepared to engage in a parameter exchange with TN_Port 501 .
- TN_Port 501 again begins the process by sending a modified FLOGI message 505 .
- F_Port 503 which supports EPP and desires to define parameters for the link, responds with a different message, one that indicates to TN_Port 501 that it should initiate parameter exchange.
- F_Port 503 transmits a login reject message (LS_RJT) frame in response to the FLOGI message.
- This frame contains a specific indication that EPP is supported.
- the HBA controller N_Port (assuming the FIG. 2 architecture) takes over and begins negotiation on the EPP protocol.
- Various options can be employed for embedding a request for EPP communication in the FLOGI frame.
- the existing FLOGI frame format is employed and some field in that frame has a value specifically chosen to indicate EPP support.
- a particular value is inserted into the vendor specific information field of the FLOGI frame payload.
- a vendor version value may be set to hex 01 .
- a 16 bit field defined for vendor specific service parameters can have a bit reserve to identify EPP support.
- the standard format for FLOGI frames is modified to accommodate a flag or other indicator for EPP support.
- the standard is modified to define a new field understood by all devices to indicate a desire to communicate by EPP.
- the F_Port may send a reject frame (LS_RJT) as indicated in FIG. 5B .
- the frame includes a vendor unique error code (e.g., hex FF) with an explanation that EPP is not supported (as understood by TN_Ports).
- the most significant byte of the ELS command code can be passed on in the reject message (e.g., AB when EPP uses 0xAB000000 as the ELS command code). This allows the HBA controller N_Port (assuming a FIG. 2 architecture) to use this value to receive and send EPP service frames.
- the F_Port replies to the FLOGI message by sending a conventional login accept frame (LS_ACC), but with some special indication that EPP is supported.
- the accept frame contains a fabric address of all zeros.
- the F_Port may make note of the values of various parameters specified in the FLOGI message for later use during logins by the individual virtual HBAs defined during the EPP parameter exchange.
- the F_Port may also perform configuration of relevant hardware and software elements before sending its LS_RJT response shown in FIG. 5B . Examples of parameters that may be noted by the F_Port include BB_credit, receive data field size, E_D_TOV, etc. If any of these values is not acceptable, the F_Port may respond with an LS_RJT frame having appropriate reason codes as specified in the Fibre Channel standard. If the TN_Port receives such a rejection, it may first take care of the specified issue and then try again with another FLOGI to detect EPP capability.
- an EPP frame format is shown in FIG. 6A .
- an EPP frame 601 includes an EISL header 603 , a 24 byte Fibre Channel header 605 , a 20 byte EPP header 607 , and multiple “TLV” payloads 609 .
- the EISL header is optional on EPP frames.
- EISL header 603 indicates that trunking for multiple VSANs may be supported. As mentioned, some embodiments of the invention set aside a particular VSAN for the sole purpose of management and configuration of trunking on a node-fabric link. As an example, VSAN number 4094 may be reserved for this purpose. Regarding the appropriate fields and format for the EISL header, further discussion is provided in U.S. Patent publication No. US-2003-0118053-A1, previously incorporated by reference.
- the Fibre Channel header 605 employs the format specified in the ANSI Fibre Channel standard. However, because EPP is implemented as an ELS-bases service, the Fibre Channel header format will be set forth in more detail by the ELS specification. See the ANSI T11 standard specification for Fibre Channel.
- EPP is a two-phase protocol in which (1) information is exchanged about peer port configurations of interest and (2) results of the exchange of information are applied to hardware and/or software of the peer ports, as needed.
- the first phase is referred to a “SYNC” phase and the second phase is referred to as a “COMMIT” phase.
- the EPP protocol may be employed for diverse purposes such as, for example, transitioning port channel configurations and negotiating ISL trunk parameters for supporting multiple VSANs.
- EPP is described generally in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
- EPP is but one example of a communication protocol that can be employed for this purpose.
- the communication protocol need not even be a two-phase protocol; some single-phase protocols can work equally well.
- the existing FC SW-ILS definition in Fibre Channel can be employed.
- FC SW-ILS is a request-response based protocol with delivery acknowledgement.
- the EPP header 607 may also employ a well-known format. Examples of relevant fields in the EPP header include a command code, which indicates whether the EPP exchange is in the SYNC phase or the COMMIT phase, a payload length based upon a calculation involving the number of TLV segments in the payload, and a command identifier specifying whether the frame is an EPP request, an EPP accept, or an EPP reject.
- a command code which indicates whether the EPP exchange is in the SYNC phase or the COMMIT phase
- a payload length based upon a calculation involving the number of TLV segments in the payload
- a command identifier specifying whether the frame is an EPP request, an EPP accept, or an EPP reject.
- the command identifier for the EPP request used in the exchange to identify trunking parameters will be chosen from the range of vendor specific command identifiers.
- the proposed value is 0x7f000000.
- the values for LS_ACC and LS_RJT are specified by ELS.
- the EPP payload is provided as a collection of TLV sections 609 of frame 601 , each specifying a particular type, length and value.
- the type also indicates how the EPP frame is to be handled if TLV is not supported at the receiving port. If TLV is not supported, the typical response is either skip procedures involving the TLV information or abort the EPP exchange altogether.
- the length component of the TLV format specifies the length of the entire TLV portion of the payload for the parameter under consideration.
- the value component specifies the particular value of the parameter in question.
- a separate TLV portion is employed for each parameter to be negotiated. These include the mode for communication, a specific port VSAN if communication is to take place in non-trunking mode, and a list of available VSANs to be supported in trunking mode. Together the three TLV portions for these parameters comprise the EPP payload of frame 601 .
- trunk mode there are three different administrative trunk modes. The first one of these is “OFF” which explicitly indicates that the port should never operate in a trunking mode. The second mode is “ON” which explicitly indicates that the port should operate in trunking mode so long as its peer does not explicitly prohibit that. Finally, a third mode of operation is called “AUTO” which indicates that the port can operate in a trunking mode, so long as the peer is explicitly configured to support trunk mode.
- Each port will have its own currently activated trunk mode, which is one of these three values.
- the trunk mode value for that port is specified in its EPP SYNC message at the appropriate location in a TLV portion of its payload.
- Negotiation of the agreed upon mode for the F_Port and N_Port may be decided based upon a table as shown in FIG. 6B . As shown there, the agreed upon mode is trunking only when one of the ports has its mode set to “ON” and the other port's mode is not “OFF”.
- this portion of the EPP frame is used by the F_Port to notify its counterpart TN_Port of the VSAN number to be used when the link is operational in non-trunking mode (as determined by the trunk mode negotiation).
- the allowed VSAN TLV contains a list of allowed VSANs on the port sending the EPP SYNC message.
- the value field of the allowed VSAN TLV is structured as a bit map with a single bit designated for each VSAN identifier. For the current VSAN ID space, the TLV value field should be at least 512 bytes.
- the VSAN number N is represented by a bit number N, left to right.
- the local port logic calculates using a bit-wise AND operator on the received VSAN list (for the EPP frame) and the locally configured VSAN list for that port.
- TLV-implemented parameters may handle additional parameters to be set up during negotiation. These additional parameters may be identified in additional TLV fields if EPP is employed as the negotiation protocol. These may enhance the functionality of the invention. Examples of other TLV-implemented parameters may include security information.
- the ports commit negotiated configurations (decided during the sync phase) to there appropriate hardware to make these configurations operational.
- all EPP service exchanges are preferably performed by controllers in the N_Port and F_Port using a control VSAN (e.g., 4094). If the link is operational in non-trunking mode, the EPP services may need to occur in the port VSAN of the attached F_Port. However, if the TN_Port is not aware of the port VSAN of the attached F_Port (for example, during TN_Port initialization) it may assume that the EPP service exchanges are to take place using the control VSAN.
- a control VSAN e.g. 4094
- a TN_Port 701 initiates the EPP sequence by sending an EPP_SYNC frame 705 to an F_Port 703 .
- the frame will be created as instructed by the HBA controller N_Port using the control VSAN (e.g. 4094).
- the EPP_SYNC exchange will be transmitted in an untagged format; note the designation “u” in the message sequence.
- F_Port 703 Upon receiving the EPP_SYNC frame, F_Port 703 will respond back with an LS_ACC frame 707 (also in untagged format) with its configuration information, which includes its trunk mode and VSAN list. Note that EPP_SYNC frame 705 also included this configuration information for the TN_Port.
- the port applies the rules for parameter negotiation to determine the operational trunk mode and the list of operational VSANs on the link. See action 709 in FIG. 7 . Assuming that the operational trunk mode is ON, then TN_Port 701 will do the necessary hardware and software programming to transmit frames in tagged format and then send an EPP_COMMIT frame 711 from the control VSAN. Thus, this exchange occurs in VSAN 4094 .
- F_Port 703 On receiving the EPP_COMMIT frame 711 , F_Port 703 then does its own corresponding hardware and software programming to enable transmission of frames in tagged format. See action 714 in FIG. 7 . The F_Port also responds back with an LS_ACC frame 715 , upon successful completion of its own configuration. F_Port 703 will also notify its local applications about the availability of VSANs on that port.
- LS_ACC message 715 When LS_ACC message 715 is received by TN_Port 701 , it notifies its local operation about the availability of VSANs, which will trigger FLOGIs in each of those VSANs. See action 717 in FIG. 7 . Then, the individual virtual HBA interfaces on TN_Port 701 perform FLOGI in their respective VSANs. As depicted in FIG. 7 , these are VSANs 100 and 200 . FLOGIs 719 and 721 correspond to FLOGIs 313 and 315 in FIG. 3 . The various login parameters (except the port WWN) in these FLOGIs should be the same as in the first FLOGI. This enables the active virtual HBA interface(s) to support data traffic per Fibre Channel standards.
- EPP_SYNC EPP_SYNC frame with the new VSAN configuration.
- this exchange is conducted in a control VSAN.
- the receiver of the EPP_SYNC frame will respond back with an LS_ACC message identifying its current trunk configuration.
- the initiator receives this LS_ACC message, it will do the necessary hardware and software programming to effect the changes in the operational VSANs.
- it will send an EPP_COMMIT frame to its peer.
- the receiver will do the necessary hardware and software programming on its end to reflect the changes in operational VSANs. When it completes this, it will respond with an LS_ACC frame to the initiator and also notify its local applications about the availability of the new VSANs. When receiving the LS_ACC frame, the initiator will notify its local applications about the availability of the new VSANs. Finally, availability of the VSANs on the TN_Port will trigger submission of FLOGI message from the TN_Port, as before. Note that in this scenario, where the link is already trunking before the VSAN configuration has changed, all communications associated with the change take place in tagged format.
- the trunk mode could change from trunking to non-trunking. This may arise if the mode of operation was changed from ON to OFF or AUTO in a port at one end of the link. If the port where this change is occurring is transitioning from ON mode to AUTO mode, then that port will need to initiate an exchange to determine if the link should continue to operate as trunking or will become non-trunking. This will depend on whether the other port is currently in ON or AUTO mode, as indicated in the table of FIG. 6B .
- the link will be re-initialized by the F_Port. This is to avoid any merging of VSAN specific traffic into non-tagged traffic.
- VSAN specific traffic coming out of that port will be transmitted without an EISL header.
- the receiver will then receive untagged frames, which will be processed in the port VSAN of the receiver.
- Link re-initialization entails a complete re-initialization of the link, including standard primitive sequences and the FLOGI request-response exchange followed by EPP parameter negotiation as described earlier.
- the final scenario to be described involves a change from non-trunking mode to trunking.
- the side on which the trunk mode is changed will initiate EPP by sending an EPP_SYNC payload. This exchange will be conducted in the port VSAN of the attached F_Port.
- the peer receiving EPP_SYNC frame will respond back with an LS_ACC frame presenting its own trunk configuration information.
- the initiator receives the LS_ACC frame, it will determine the new operational trunk mode and the list of operational VSANs. Using this information, it will do the necessary hardware and/or software programming.
- On successful completion of this programming it will send an EPP_COMMIT frame to its peer. When the peer receives this message, it will also determine the new operational trunk mode and the list of operational VSANs.
- the receiver will then also do the necessary programming on its side and then send an LS_ACC frame back to the initiator. It will also notify its local applications about the availability of VSANs. When the initiator receives the LS_ACC frame, it will notify its local applications about the newly available VSANs. Regardless of whether the F_Port or the TN_Port initiated the mode change from non-trunking to trunking, the TN_Port will initiate fabric login for each of the new VSANs by sending FLOGI messages from its virtual HBA interfaces (assuming an architecture as depicted in FIG. 2 ).
- the transition is non-disruptive. In other words, the transition did not involve link re-initialization.
- the transition to trunking mode may be disruptive. In other words, the transition would involve a complete re-initialization including standard primitive sequences as well as the FLOGI request-response exchange and the EPP negotiation as described above.
- the techniques of the present invention may be implemented on software and/or hardware.
- they can be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, or on a network interface card.
- the technique of the present invention is implemented in software such as an operating system or in an application running on an operating system.
- a software or software/hardware hybrid implementation of the techniques of this invention may be implemented on a general-purpose programmable machine selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in memory.
- a programmable machine may be a network device designed to handle network traffic, such as, for example, a router or a switch, particularly a Fibre Channel switch.
- network devices may have multiple network interfaces including frame relay and ISDN interfaces, for example.
- the methods of this invention may be implemented in specially configured network devices such as the MDS 9000 family of switches manufactured by Cisco Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif. A generalized architecture for some such machines will appear from the description given below.
- the techniques of this invention may be implemented on a general-purpose network host machine such as a personal computer or workstation.
- the invention may be at least partially implemented on a card (e.g., an interface card) for a network device or a general-purpose computing device.
- a network device 860 suitable for implementing the techniques of the present invention includes a master central processing unit (CPU) 862 , interfaces 868 , and a bus 867 (e.g., a PCI bus).
- the CPU 862 may be responsible for implementing specific functions associated with the functions of a desired network device.
- the CPU 862 may be responsible for analyzing frames, encapsulating frames, and forwarding frames for transmission on an inter-switch link.
- the CPU 862 preferably accomplishes all these functions under the control of software including an operating system (e.g. Windows NT), and any appropriate applications software.
- CPU 862 may include one or more processors 863 such as a processor from the Motorola family of microprocessors or the MIPS family of microprocessors. In an alternative embodiment, processor 863 is specially designed hardware for controlling the operations of network device 860 . In a specific embodiment, a memory 861 (such as non-volatile RAM and/or ROM) also forms part of CPU 862 . However, there are many different ways in which memory could be coupled to the system. Memory block 861 may be used for a variety of purposes such as, for example, caching and/or storing data, programming instructions, etc.
- the interfaces 868 are typically provided as interface cards (sometimes referred to as “line cards”). Generally, they control the sending and receiving of data packets over the network and sometimes support other peripherals used with the network device 860 .
- interfaces that may be provided are Fibre Channel interfaces, frame relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, and the like.
- various very high-speed interfaces may be provided, such as fast Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, ATM interfaces, HSSI interfaces, POS interfaces, FDDI interfaces, ASI interfaces, DHEI interfaces and the like.
- these interfaces may include ports appropriate for communication with the appropriate media.
- they may also include an independent processor and, in some instances, volatile RAM.
- the independent processors may control such communications intensive tasks as packet switching, media control and management. By providing separate processors for the communications intensive tasks, these interfaces allow the master microprocessor 862 to efficiently perform routing computations, network diagnostics, security functions, etc.
- FIG. 8 illustrates one specific network device of the present invention, it is by no means the only network device architecture on which the present invention can be implemented.
- an architecture having a single processor that handles communications as well as routing computations, etc. is often used.
- other types of interfaces and media could also be used with the network device.
- the network device may employ one or more memories or memory modules (such as, for example, memory block 865 ) configured to store data, program instructions for the general-purpose network operations and/or other information relating to the functionality of the techniques described herein.
- the program instructions may control the operation of an operating system and/or one or more applications, for example.
- machine-readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc. for performing various operations described herein.
- machine-readable media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media; semiconductor memory media; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
- program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter.
Abstract
Description
Claims (42)
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US20060092932A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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