WO1991017389A1 - Method and device for temperature control in a combustion plant - Google Patents
Method and device for temperature control in a combustion plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991017389A1 WO1991017389A1 PCT/SE1991/000337 SE9100337W WO9117389A1 WO 1991017389 A1 WO1991017389 A1 WO 1991017389A1 SE 9100337 W SE9100337 W SE 9100337W WO 9117389 A1 WO9117389 A1 WO 9117389A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- paths
- air
- plant
- feedwater
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/061—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with combustion in a fluidised bed
- F01K23/062—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with combustion in a fluidised bed the combustion bed being pressurised
Definitions
- the invention relates to limitation of temperature varia ⁇ tions in flowing gases in a combustion plant in which heat transfer surfaces are arranged in the gas paths to limit the temperature of the gas which is supplied to a combustor located in the plant and of the flue gases emitted from the plant.
- the invention- is especially valuable in a power plant with combustion in a pressurized fluidized bed, a PFBC - Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion - plant, in which it permits limitation of temperature variations in pressurized air supplied to the combustor and flue gases emitted from the plant, which means that power output or efficiency remains essentially. unaffected by variations in ambient temperature and compression ratios.
- the fluidized bed During combustion in a fluidized bed, the fluidized bed is supplied with air for fluidization of the bed material and for combustion of fuel supplied to the fluidized bed. If the fluidized bed is part of a plant for combustion in a pressurized fluidized bed, a PFBC - Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion - plant, the fluidized bed contained within a bed vessel is enclosed in a pressure vessel and the air supplied to the fluidized bed is pressurized, for example in a compressor driven by a gas turbine.
- the mass flow of pressurized air supplied to a PFBC plant is controlled within an interval of 40-105% of nominal flow.
- the pressurization is normally carried out in a gas turbine- driven compressor. From the point of view of capital cost, high compression ratios are desirable.
- a gas turbine-driven compressor provides different possibilities of controlling the mass flow, depending on the type of gas turbine.
- a single-shaft unit may control the mass flow by varying the
- the temperature of the air supplied from the compressor via the pressure vessel to the fluidized bed must be limited, both when the air is used for cooling of pressure vessel, bed vessel, cyclones and other supporting components arranged in the pressure vessel, and when temperature variations, caused by compression ratios and ambient temperature, in air supplied to the fluidized bed affect the output power from the plant and the efficiency of the plant.
- the temperature of air supplied to the pressure vessel is not limited in normal PFBC plants, and thus there is no equalization of the temperature variations which occur in the pressurized air. Temperature variations occur as a consequence of variations in the ambient temperature and varying compression ratios and are compensated for in a normal PFBC plant by a change in the output power from the plant and in the efficiency of the plant.
- the residual heat in flue gases emitted from a combus ⁇ tion plant is delivered to flue gas economizers, which are arranged in the flue gas paths.
- the plant comprises a combustor in the form of a pressurized fluidized bed, air paths in which air supplied to the flui ⁇ dized bed is pressurized, flue gas paths in which energy contained in flue gases emitted from the plant is partially extracted with a gas turbine arranged in the flue gas paths, and a feedwater/steam system comprising heat transfer surfaces arranged in the air and flue gas paths.
- the temperature variations of pressurized air supplied to the fluidized bed are limited by means of heat transfer surfaces, preferably in the form of a heat exchanger, arranged in the air paths
- the temperature of flue gases discharged from the plant is simultaneously limited with heat transfer surfaces, arranged in the flue gas paths, in the form of cold and hot flue gas economizers.
- heat transfer surfaces arranged in the hot and cold sections of the flue gas paths and in the air paths are interconnted in the high temperature section of the feedwater/steam system of the combus ⁇ tion plant.
- the heat work in the heat transfer surfaces may be controlled from outside with temperature sensors, for example thermocouples, measured temperatures of air and flue gas, respectively. Measured temperatures are compared, in conventional temperature regulators, with a desired value and the deviation gives a control signal out from the temperature regulator to the control valves arranged adjacent to the heat transfer surfaces. Based on the received control signal, the heat work in the heat-transfer surfaces is controlled.
- temperature sensors for example thermocouples, measured temperatures of air and flue gas, respectively. Measured temperatures are compared, in conventional temperature regulators, with a desired value and the deviation gives a control signal out from the temperature regulator to the control valves arranged adjacent to the heat transfer surfaces. Based on the received control signal, the heat work in the heat-transfer surfaces is controlled.
- the necessary limitation of the variations of air supplied to the fluidized bed is obtained, so that the output power from the combustion plant or the efficiency of the plant remains unaffected by ambient temperature and compression ratios while at the same time heat absorbed in the heat transfer surfaces is utilized in the feedwater/steam system of the plant.
- the heating time during start-up can be reduced and hence the corrosion, caused by flue gas condensate in the gas paths, be reduced by the heat transfer surfaces upon start ⁇ up being traversed by steam from an external source, for example from an existing auxiliary boiler intended to supply the plant with de-aired water.
- the cooling times can be reduced by the heat transfer surfaces, upon shutdown, being traversed by water, for example by being connected to a condenser circuit.
- Figure 2 illustrates the parts of the air and flue gas paths, the feedwater/steam system and other components of the plant, which are necessary for the invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates alternative solutions to the supply of the pressurized air to the pressure vessel.
- the design and connection of the feedwater/steam system to an auxiliary boiler during start-up and to a condenser circuit during cooling are shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.
- FIG. 1 Limitation of temperature variations of pressurized air supplied to the fluidized bed according to the invention is illustrated in Figure 1.
- the air is supplied to a combustor 10, in the form of -a fluidized bed, through air paths 1, flue gases formed during the combustion 10 are discharged through flue gas paths 2 and heat is extracted from the plant and utilized through a feedwater/steam system 3.
- a PFBC - Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion - plant the combustion takes place in a fluidized bed 10 contained within a bed vessel 12 enclosed in a pressure vessel 11. Air is introduced into the plant at A, is pressurized in a compressor 13, the temperature being raised to a temperature which depends on the prevailing compression ratio and the ambient temperature. The pressurized air is used for fluidization of the fluidized bed 10 and for combustion of fuel supplied to the fluidized bed 10.
- the flue gases formed during the combustion pass through a gas turbine 14 arranged in the flue gas paths 2 of the plant, in which at least part of the energy contained in the flue gases is extracted.
- the compessor 13 is suitably driven by the gas turbine 14.
- the residual heat is extracted from the flue gases in heat transfer surfaces 15, 16, arranged in both the hot and cold sections of the flue gas paths 2, for example flue gas economizers, designated the hot 15 and the cold 16 flue gas economizer, respectively, before the flue gases are discharged from the plant at B.
- the pressurized air passes through heat transfer surfaces 17, for example a heat exchanger, arranged in the air paths 1 beween the compressor 13 and the pressure vessel 11.
- the temperature variations which are caused by fluc ⁇ tuating ambient temperature or compression ratios, are corrected according to the invention in the heat exchanger 17, which means that the efficiency of the plant is not affected by these temperature fluctuations while at the same time energy extracted in the heat exchanger 17 is utilized in the feedwater/steam system 3 of the plant.
- the temperature of the pressurized air is measured in conventional manner, for example by thermocouples, in the air paths downstream of the compressor 13.
- the measured temperature is compared with the desired temperature in a conventional temperature regulator (not shown) .
- the deviation gives rise to an output signal, control signal, to a control valve 18.
- the control valve 18 controls the heat work in the heat exchanger 17 by varying the flow of feedwater/steam through the heat exchanger l ⁇ f, for example via the by-pass duct 19.
- Variations in the feedwater/steam temperature arising downstream of the heat exchanger 17 are measured in conventional manner and corrected when the hot flue gases, in the hot flue gas economizer 15, pass through the feedwater/steam system 3 resulting in the flue gas temperature downstream of the hot flue gas economizer 15 being influenced.
- the influence on the flue gas temperature downstream of the hot flue gas economizer 15 is measured in conventional manner and, after treatment in a conventional temperature regulator (not shown) , supplies a control signal to a control valve 20.
- the control valve 20 controls the heat work in the cold flue gas economizer 16, for example by distributing the feedwater/steam flow between the two branches 21 of the feedwater/steam circuit 3, comprising the cold flue gas economizer 16, and 22, comprising heat transfer surfaces 23 for heating another medium, for example high pressure feedwater.
- feedwater/steam is conducted, at least partially, past _the cold flue gas economizer 16, preferably via a by-pass duct 24.
- the invention provides a limitation of the temperature of compressed air supplied to the pressure vessel and the bed vessel while at the same time temperature variations in this air are essentially eliminated. This means that the efficiency and power output of the plant remain essentially unaffected by variations in ambient temperature and com ⁇ pression ratios. Energy extracted from air and flue gases is transferred to • the feedwater/steam system 3 of the power plant.
- the heat transfer surfaces 15, 16, 17, which are necessary according to the invention, are connected at the point C, for example to a feedwater tank, and at the point D, for example to a boiler arranged in the fluidized bed 10, to the high tempe ⁇ rature section of the feedwater/steam system 3.
- the heat transfer surfaces may be connected to a circuit by being interconnected at C and D. If the circuit is then provided with steam or cold water, heating and cooling, respectively, of air paths 1 and flue gas paths 2 may be obtained.
- Figure 2 schematically shows how the heat transfer surfaces, which are necessary for the invention, are arranged in the air paths 1, flue gas paths 2 and feedwater/steam system 3 of the power plant.
- pressurized air is supplied to a fluidized bed 10 enclosed in a pressure vessel 11.
- the air is supplied to the fluidized bed 10 for fluidization of the bed material and for combustion of fuel supplied to the fluidized bed 10.
- the air which is admitted from the environment via at least one controllable throttle valve 25, is pressurized in a compressor 13, suitably driven by a gas turbine 14 arranged in the flue gas paths.
- the gas turbine 14 also drives a generator 26.
- the gas turbine 14 and the compressor 13 are often integrated into one unit and may be of an arbitrary type with a variable number of shafts.
- the figures show no intermediate cooling of the pressurized air, which occurs in multi-shaft units.
- the mass flow of pressurized air to the pressure vessel 11 in a PFBC plant is controlled within an interval of 40-105% of nominal flow.
- the mass flow from the compressor 13 may, depending on the type of gas turbine/compressor unit 14/13, be controlled in different ways.
- a single-shaft gas tur- bine/compressor unit 14/13, as indicated in Figure 2 may be controlled by adjusting the throttle valve 25, the com ⁇ pressor guide vanes 27 and via a recirculation circuit 28 for pressurized air.
- the possibilities of varying turbine guide vanes, turbine nozzles and rotor speed are added.
- the temperature of the pressurized air usually amounts to 350-450°C, depending on compression ratio and ambient tem ⁇ perature. .
- the pressurized ' air Before the pressurized ' air is supplied to the pressure vessel 11, it is cooled to a temperature suitable for the pressure vessel 11 and the parts enclosed in the pressure vessel 11, usually 200-300°C, in at least one heat exchanger 17 arranged in the air paths .
- the heat exchanger 17 is arranged in the high temperature section of the feedwater/steam .system 3, up ⁇ stream of a flue gas economizer 15 arranged in the hot part of the flue gas paths 2.
- the feedwater/steam flow through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled in a control valve 18.
- the control valve 18 distributes the feedwater/steam flow, between the heat exchanger 17 and a by-pass duct 19, based on the deviation between desired and measured temperature of the pressurized air.
- the feedwater/steam flow is adapted to the measured temperature of the pressurized air. Without the by-pass duct 19, there would be a risk of the feedwater temperature and hence the temperature of air supplied to the pressure vessel 11 dropping towards the ambient temperature.
- the control in the heat exchanger 17 gives rise to variations of the feedwater/steam temperature downstream of the heat exchanger 17, which are essentially eliminated in at least one flue gas economizer 15 arranged in the hot section of the flue gas paths 3, resulting in the flue gas temperature downstream of the hot flue gas economizer 15 being affected.
- the influence on the flue gas temperature is essentially eliminated in at least one flue gas econo ⁇ mizer 16 arranged in the cold section of the flue gas paths 3 by adapting the feedwater/steam flow therethrough to correct, in conventional manner, any deviation, measured in the flue gas paths 3 downstream of the hot flue gas eco ⁇ nomizer 15, of the flue gas temperature relative to the desired flue gas temperature.
- control of the feedwater/steam flow through the cold flue gas economizer is performed with the control valve 20 which controls the distribution between the two parallel branches 21 and 22 in the feedwater/steam system 3, inclu ⁇ ding the cold flue gas economizer 16 and the heat exchanger 23, respect-ively, connected for heating of another medium, for example high-pressure feedwater.
- heat transfer surfaces comprising at least one heat exchanger 17 arranged in the air paths, in which the temperature of air supplied to the pressure vessel 11 and the fluidized bed 10 is limited and temperature variations in the air are essentially eliminated, at least one flue gas economizer 15 arranged in the hot section of the flue gas paths, in which simultaneously with the flue gas temperature being reduced temperature variations of the feedwater/steam are essentially eliminated by allowing the flue gas tempe ⁇ rature downstream of the hot flue gas economizer 15 to vary, at least one flue gas economizer 16 arranged in the cold section of the flue gas paths, in which variations of the flue gas temperature are essentially eliminated, and the by ⁇ pass ducts 18 and 24 for control of the heat work in the heat exchanger 17 and the cold flue gas economizer 16, respectively, according to the invention a limitation of the temperature of air supplied to the pressure vessel 11 and of flue gases emitted from the PFBC plant is obtained while at the same time the influence from ambient temperature and compression ratios on the efficiency or the power
- the heat exchanger 17 can be dimensioned for two cases:
- Case I corresponds well with the previous description whereas in case II only part of the air quantity from the compressor 13 passes through the heat exchanger 17 ' .
- the remaining air quantity is supplied, via a pipe 29, to the cooled air flow near the air inlet to the fluidized bed 10.
- the distribution of air is controlled such that the heat work in the heat exchanger 17 is maintained constant, that is, an increased ambient temperature entails an increased flow via the pipe 29.
- Case II means that the temperature of vital components such as pressure vessel 11, bed vessel 12 and cyclones 30 may be limited with a heat exchanger 17 of limited power.
- air paths 1 and flue gas paths 2 are preheated according to Figure 4. Preheating is usually performed by burning fossil fuels in the air paths 1 upstream of the fluidized bed 10. To avoid corrosion connected with flue gas condensate, components included in the air paths 1 and the flue gas paths 2 must be preheated, for example with dry hot air, to a temperature exceeding the dew point of the flue gases which occur during the pre ⁇ heating.
- This first phase of the preheating is achieved in a favourable way by connecting the heat transfer surfaces - the heat exchanger 17, the hot flue gas economizer 15 and the cold flue gas economizer 16 -, which according to the invention are interconnected and arranged in the air paths 1 and the flue gas paths 2, to an external source (not shown) with hot medium, for example a boiler present in the plant and intended to supply the plant with de-aired water during the start-up stage.
- an external source not shown
- hot medium for example a boiler present in the plant and intended to supply the plant with de-aired water during the start-up stage.
- the gas turbine 14 is driven by a starting device 31, which may consist of a frequency con- vertor which permits the gas turbine 14 to be run as a syn ⁇ chronous motor, but may also consist of a motor connected to any of the shafts of the gas turbine 14, or other starting equipment for gas turbines .
- the air is heated in the heat exchanger 17, the hot flue gas economizer 15 and the cold flue gas economizer 16 and transfers the heat to walls and other components in the air paths 1 and the flue gas paths 2. If the bed vessel 12 is empty and the valve 32 shown in Figures 2 and 3 is open, the air will flow through the pressure vessel 11 and the bed vessel 12 thus heating these.
- the heat exchanger 17, the hot flue gas economizer 15 and the cold flue gas economizer 16 are connected in a starting circuit, which is illustrated in Figure 4.
- the heat transfer surfaces 15, 16, 17 are connected to the high temperature section of the feedwater/steam system 3 of the plant, for example at an existing feedwater tank 33.
- the feedwater tank 33 is provided with steam, for example from an auxiliary boiler (not shown) present in the plant.
- the feedwater/steam circulates during the starting stage from the feedwater tank 33 through the two flue gas economizers 15 and 16 and the heat exchanger 17 and back to the feed ⁇ water tank 33 via the open return pipe 34.
- the cooling period can be shortened by utilizing the heat transfer surfaces 15, 16 and 17 arranged in the air paths 1 and the flue gas paths 2 according to the invention.
- the heat transfer surfaces 15, 16 and 17 are connected (see Figure 5) to an external source with a coolant, for example a condenser circuit located in the plant for hot water production, via a valve 35. This causes the heat transfer surfaces 15, 16 and 17 arranged in the air paths 1 and the flue gas paths 2 to be traversed by a cold medium and the temperature in air and flue gas paths to be rapidly reduced.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/946,479 US5315816A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | Method and device for temperature control in a combustion plant |
JP3509790A JP2965265B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | Method of temperature control in PFBC plant |
EP91909930A EP0527918B1 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | Method for temperature control of the combustion air in a pfbc combustion plant |
DE69108024T DE69108024T2 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | METHOD FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE COMBUSTION AIR IN A FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION PLANT WITH PRESSURING. |
FI925078A FI101571B (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1992-11-09 | Method for controlling the temperature in a fluidized bed boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9001688A SE9001688D0 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | SETTING AND DEVICE FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN A COMBUSTION PLANT |
SE9001688-2 | 1990-05-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991017389A1 true WO1991017389A1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
Family
ID=20379439
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1991/000337 WO1991017389A1 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | Method and device for temperature control in a combustion plant |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5315816A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0527918B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2965265B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7880891A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69108024T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0527918T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2073757T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI101571B (en) |
SE (1) | SE9001688D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991017389A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11229898A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Start-up control device of gas turbine |
US6748742B2 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2004-06-15 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Microturbine combination systems |
EP1577507A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-21 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Coal fired power plant |
JP5711795B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-05-07 | 月島機械株式会社 | Pressurized fluidized incinerator equipment and control method of pressurized fluidized incinerator equipment |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE205317C1 (en) * | ||||
DK79602C (en) * | 1950-07-11 | 1955-07-25 | Svenska Maskinverken Ab | Process for preheating combustion air in steam generator plants and steam generator plants for carrying out the process. |
SE191082C1 (en) * | 1964-01-01 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3422800A (en) * | 1967-06-19 | 1969-01-21 | Gen Electric | Combined gas turbine and waste heat boiler control system |
SE460147B (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1989-09-11 | Asea Stal Ab | POWER PLANT WITH FLUIDIZED BATH AND A COOLING DEVICE FOR BEDDING MATERIAL |
SE459986B (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1989-08-28 | Asea Stal Ab | POWER PLANT WITH CYCLON CLEANER WITH COLD CYCLON BEN |
US5010726A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1991-04-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | System and method for efficiently generating power in a solid fuel gas turbine |
US4951460A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1990-08-28 | Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc. | Apparatus and method for optimizing the air inlet temperature of gas turbines |
-
1990
- 1990-05-10 SE SE9001688A patent/SE9001688D0/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-05-08 US US07/946,479 patent/US5315816A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-08 ES ES91909930T patent/ES2073757T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 EP EP91909930A patent/EP0527918B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 JP JP3509790A patent/JP2965265B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 DE DE69108024T patent/DE69108024T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-08 AU AU78808/91A patent/AU7880891A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-08 WO PCT/SE1991/000337 patent/WO1991017389A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-05-08 DK DK91909930.9T patent/DK0527918T3/en active
-
1992
- 1992-11-09 FI FI925078A patent/FI101571B/en active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE205317C1 (en) * | ||||
SE191082C1 (en) * | 1964-01-01 | |||
DK79602C (en) * | 1950-07-11 | 1955-07-25 | Svenska Maskinverken Ab | Process for preheating combustion air in steam generator plants and steam generator plants for carrying out the process. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69108024T2 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
FI925078A (en) | 1992-11-09 |
SE9001688D0 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
JPH05506922A (en) | 1993-10-07 |
FI925078A0 (en) | 1992-11-09 |
DE69108024D1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
FI101571B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
JP2965265B2 (en) | 1999-10-18 |
AU7880891A (en) | 1991-11-27 |
ES2073757T3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
US5315816A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
EP0527918B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
FI101571B (en) | 1998-07-15 |
DK0527918T3 (en) | 1995-07-31 |
EP0527918A1 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
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