WO1996011737A1 - Verfahren zur entwässerung und waschung von rotschlamm - Google Patents
Verfahren zur entwässerung und waschung von rotschlamm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996011737A1 WO1996011737A1 PCT/EP1995/004021 EP9504021W WO9611737A1 WO 1996011737 A1 WO1996011737 A1 WO 1996011737A1 EP 9504021 W EP9504021 W EP 9504021W WO 9611737 A1 WO9611737 A1 WO 9611737A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- washing
- dewatering
- red mud
- sludge
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- -1 using filters Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 29
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKSRBEMKUSZPOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] OKSRBEMKUSZPOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/066—Treatment of the separated residue
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
- B01D11/0284—Multistage extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
- B01D33/21—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/58—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element
- B01D33/60—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element for washing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/58—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element
- B01D33/62—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element for drying
- B01D33/66—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element for drying by gases or by heating
- B01D33/663—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating the filter cake remaining on the filtering element for drying by gases or by heating by direct contact with a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/0646—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D2011/002—Counter-current extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/31—Filter housing constructions including arrangements for environmental protection, e.g. pressure resisting features
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for dewatering and washing red mud, if appropriate with admixture of sand, in particular from the Bayer process for extracting aluminum from bauxite, using filters, leaching out on the filter.
- Alumina aluminum oxide, Al2O3
- Red mud the residue of the Bayer process, has to be disposed of in considerable quantities.
- the removal of the red mud is one of the biggest technical and economic problems in the Bayer process.
- the closed circuit is operated most of the time with a supersaturated clay earth solution at elevated alkali concentrations and temperatures.
- the solid and finely divided red mud must be separated from this circuit and washed out, whereby the working liquor is diluted and cooled, which causes undesirable alumina precipitation.
- This alumina and liquid disposed of with the red mud, which contains lye and additional amounts of alumina, are significant losses, which can, however, be contained by a suitable choice of process control.
- Limited amounts of washing water can be used for recycling or washing out these valuable substances. However, excessive water consumption requires additional evaporation or evaporation capacity.
- Counter current decantation is used in particular in today's methods. Thickeners are used to separate, thicken and wash out red mud.
- the following countercurrent decantation consists of a series of washing stages. Usually 5 to 7 stages, each with 2 or more washers of at least 30 m in diameter, are used for the usual alumina capacities in the range of 1 million tons per year. These processes typically require 3 to 5 m3 of water / ton of dry sludge, creating an excess of 1 to 4 m3 per ton is achieved via the amount necessary for the process.
- the red mud is then pumped into pools or lagoons, which are often many kilometers away from the facility. Without further treatment, the sludge then dries to about 50% solids.
- drum filters are often used to separate the red mud by filtration. Vacuum filtration is carried out after 3 to 4 washing stages, a residual moisture content of 45% can be achieved if 2 to 3 m3 of washing water are required per ton of dry sludge.
- the sludge is also pumped here by pumps, especially thick matter pumps, at high pressures to a settling pond, where a maximum solids content of up to 65% can be achieved after drying.
- red mud removal technologies have a number of disadvantages.
- Sodalite, a sodium-aluminum-silicate leaves the circuit in a solid phase with the red mud, and means a large loss of chemicals from lye and alumina, which has a significant impact on production costs.
- the efficiency of the plant is influenced by the separation of red mud in relatively large facilities and a consequent increased waiting time.
- the temperature and alkali concentration are reduced and thus the alkali stability decreases, which results in a considerable, undesirable loss of dissolved alumina, which in turn affects the productivity of the plant and consequently the overall cost.
- the aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the loss of alkali and alumina in the solid phase (bound form) is to be reduced and a non-thixotropic sludge is to be generated for a clean and economical disposal.
- This is achieved according to the invention in that the washing and dewatering takes place under excess pressure.
- the wash can be carried out with hot water and / or with steam.
- the valuable substances bound in the solid (sludge / waste product) are dissolved and washed out.
- an improvement in the ecological compatibility of the red sludge to be deposited is achieved by reducing the adhering liquid and alkali, combined with the elimination of thixotropic sludge properties.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the washing and dewatering takes place at excess pressures between 2 and 8 bar, in particular 4 to 5 bar. By using high pressures, hot water with temperatures far above 100 ° C can also be used, which greatly facilitates washing.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the washing is carried out on thin layers of red mud, between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 6 mm. As a result, the wash can capture the entire amount of red mud particularly effectively.
- a favorable development of the invention is characterized in that the speed of the filter is between 0.1 and 3 revolutions per minute, preferably between 1 and 2 revolutions per minute.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the red mud is dewatered to a residual moisture of 15 to 35% by weight, in particular 20 to 25% by weight. In this area the resulting filter cake no longer exhibits thixotropic behavior, i.e. no further separation of solid and liquid (acid) is to be expected, for example during transport or storage.
- a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the washing of the red sludge is carried out with a washing water amount of more than 0.5, preferably up to 1.0, m3 per ton of dry sludge.
- the invention further relates to a plant for the dewatering / filtration and washing of red mud using a filter, in particular for carrying out the method. It is primarily characterized in that the filter is used in an overpressure space.
- a favorable development of the invention is characterized in that a rotary filter, in particular a disc filter, is provided as the filter.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that an additional steam hood is provided above the filter in the overpressure chamber.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a distribution device for distributing the washing water over the filter surface is provided, wherein using a disc filter, the distribution device can be arranged on both sides of the filter disc (s) and largely in the radial direction over the filter ⁇ area extends.
- FIG. 1a shows the flow diagram of a variant of the Bayer process
- FIG. 1b shows the apparatus diagram of an embodiment of this variant of the Bayer process
- FIG. 2 shows a typical variant for a counterflow - decantation according to the prior art
- FIG. 3 a variant according to the invention
- FIG. 4 a variant of a system
- FIG. 5 a further variant of a system according to the invention.
- 1a shows a flow diagram of the production of aluminum oxide (alumina) from bauxite according to the Bayer process.
- the red sludge is separated from the process and a series of washing thickeners 2 (depending on the technical and economic requirements) and subsequently fed to a filter 3.
- additional water 4 is added to the filtration and the red mud 5 is directed to a heap or to a settling pond.
- FIG. 1b shows the corresponding apparatus diagram for FIG. 1a, the red sludge being fed from a thickener 1 to a countercurrent washing system. After appropriate washing in a variable number of washing stages (usually 3 to 4), the red mud is dewatered on vacuum drum filters 3, washed and then the thickened red mud 5 is pumped to the heap.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b the process sequence considered in the further sequence and improved by the present invention is characterized by a dashed frame designated by X. 2 shows a typical standard solution for a countercurrent decantation with 5 washing stages.
- the amounts and concentrations of the individual material flows are summarized in Table 1, which are approximate values with a theoretical efficiency of 100%.
- the red mud suspension of the pre-thickening is fed to the first washing thickener 10 via a line 11.
- the underflow of the thickener is then passed onto the next washing thickener 20.
- the overflow 23 of the washing thickener 20 is added to the feed 11 for further washing out before entering the washing stage 10.
- the overflow 13 of the washing thickener 10 is then returned to the circuit.
- the other washing stages are structured analogously.
- the underflow 52 of the washing thickener 50 is separated out and pumped onto a stockpile or into a settling pond 6. After a further settling process, a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution 7 is returned from the settling pond 6, supplemented with fresh water 8 and added to the washing stage 50 for washing out via a line 9.
- the red mud in the sedimentation pond now has a solids content of approx. 55% and a residual alkali content of approx. 1.3%, the latter representing the loss for the circulation and expensive fresh liquor having to be introduced into the circulation elsewhere.
- Fig. 3 the method according to the invention is now shown. Analogous to FIG. 2, several washing stages are provided here, only 4 washing stages being required.
- the underflow 42 of the washer 40 is fed to a so-called pressure filter 60.
- hot water 8 ' is also fed to this pressure filter 60.
- steam can also be added.
- the filter cake 62 of the pressure filter 60 now contains about 75% solids and only about 1% sodium hydroxide solution as a loss, which are fed to a settling pond 6.
- the filtrate 63 of the pressure filter is mixed with fresh water 8 and added to the 4th washing stage 40 for washing out via a line 9.
- Sodium hydroxide solution is returned to the circulation in the filtrate 63 and via the washing stages 10, 20, 30, 40.
- Fig. 4 shows the part of the system that relates to the pressure filter 60 in detail.
- the pressure filter 60 here consists of a pressure vessel 70 in which a filter with a filter trough 71, filter disks 72, motor 73 and control head 74 are accommodated in the interior of the pressure chamber of the pressure vessel 70.
- a filter disk on the one hand several filter disks attached to the shaft and on the other hand also a filter drum can be used.
- the underflow 42 of the scrubber 40 is fed into the trough 71 of the pressure filter 60 via a pump 64.
- a pump 64 There, on the one hand, there is continuous cake formation and, subsequently, during the dehumidification phase, the filter cake formed from the suspension is washed.
- fresh water 8 ' is applied to the filter disks or the filter drum via a pump 78 and a suitable distribution device 83.
- the filtrate is fed via a control head 74 into a filtrate separator 75, in which there is a separation between the exhaust air 76 and the filtrate 63 enriched with sodium hydroxide solution.
- the filtrate from the cake formation and the filtrate from the washing or dehumidifying zone can be removed separately.
- the solid is removed from the filter and passed to a landfill 6 via a discharge lock 77 and a suitable conveyor 65.
- a conventional conveyor system such as ZB conveyor belts or a thick matter pump can be used as the conveyor device.
- air is passed into the pressure vessel 70 via a compressor 79.
- a small amount of air is injected into the control head 74 at a slightly higher pressure and from there passed into the filter disk 72 or filter drum in order to throw off the filter cake from the filter medium.
- FIG. 5 shows a similar plant, steam being used instead of hot water for washing out the sodium hydroxide solution from the red mud.
- a so-called steam hood 82 is attached above the filter disk 72 and above the filter trough 71, into which steam 81 is introduced via a line.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/817,207 US6033579A (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-10-12 | Red mud dewatering and washing process |
AU38415/95A AU692943B2 (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-10-12 | Red mud dewatering and washing process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1943/94 | 1994-10-14 | ||
AT0194394A AT401654B (de) | 1994-10-14 | 1994-10-14 | Verfahren zur entwässerung und waschung von rotschlamm |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996011737A1 true WO1996011737A1 (de) | 1996-04-25 |
Family
ID=3524394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/004021 WO1996011737A1 (de) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-10-12 | Verfahren zur entwässerung und waschung von rotschlamm |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6033579A (de) |
AT (1) | AT401654B (de) |
AU (1) | AU692943B2 (de) |
HU (1) | HUT77063A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996011737A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6409929B2 (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 2002-06-25 | Bokela Ingenieurgesellschaft Fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik Mbh | Steam drying of rotary filter cakes without crack formation |
AU2003210587B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2008-08-21 | Flsmidth A/S | Hot-gas pressure-filter apparatus |
US8971913B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2015-03-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for wireless network hybrid positioning |
CN1308241C (zh) * | 2004-11-25 | 2007-04-04 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种氧化铝溶出料浆分离赤泥的方法 |
CN100348521C (zh) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-11-14 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | 赤泥输送及过滤工艺 |
CN100396383C (zh) * | 2005-09-22 | 2008-06-25 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | 粗细赤泥分级方法 |
US8236185B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2012-08-07 | J.I. Enterprises, Inc. | Methods for using sulfidized red mud |
US20090234174A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Geochem Remediation Llc | Solid-phase activation of bauxite refinery residue for heavy metals remediation |
FR2934852B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-06 | 2011-06-24 | Alcan Int Ltd | Perfectionnement au procede bayer de production de trihydrate d'alumine, ledit procede comprenant une etape dans laquelle la liqueur sursaturee est filtree a haute temperature avant decomposition |
US20110082340A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-07 | Tyco Healthercare Group LP | Foam collar for surgical access devices |
US9199855B2 (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2015-12-01 | Nalco Company | Chemical treatment to improve red mud separation and washing in the bayer process |
US9260767B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-02-16 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials |
RU2013153535A (ru) | 2011-05-04 | 2015-06-10 | Орбит Элюминэ Инк. | Способы извлечения редкоземельных элементов из различных руд |
CN103842296B (zh) | 2011-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 奥贝特科技有限公司 | 用于制备赤铁矿的方法 |
CN102757060B (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-11-06 | 东北大学 | 一种消纳拜耳法赤泥的方法 |
RU2014114938A (ru) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-10-27 | Орбит Элюминэ Инк. | Способы получения оксида алюминия и разнообразных других продуктов |
CN102527677B (zh) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-11-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 海绵镉洗涤设备 |
WO2013104059A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
CA2903512C (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2017-12-05 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating fly ashes |
US9290828B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2016-03-22 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products |
WO2014047728A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by hc1 leaching of various materials |
WO2014075173A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-22 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Methods for purifying aluminium ions |
US10427950B2 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2019-10-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Recovery of mining processing product using boronic acid-containing polymers |
NO20200292A1 (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-13 | Norsk Hydro As | Method and System for Long-Term Management of Bauxite Mining Tailings |
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DE2849636A1 (de) * | 1978-04-24 | 1979-10-25 | Nippon Light Metal Co | Verfahren zur behandlung von rotschlamm |
EP0382383A2 (de) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-16 | Alcan International Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tonerde aus Bauxit |
EP0596857A1 (de) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-11 | Andritz-Patentverwaltungs-Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Verfahren und Anlage zur Trennung von Feststoff-Flüssigkeit-Mischungen |
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US3776717A (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1973-12-04 | Tatabanyai Szenbanyak | Method for processing of red mud |
HU162284B (de) * | 1971-04-17 | 1973-01-29 | ||
US3989513A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1976-11-02 | Magyar Aluminiumipari Troszt | Method for the treatment of red mud |
US4119698A (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1978-10-10 | Kernforschungsanlage Julich, Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Reclamation treatment of red mud |
US4169824A (en) * | 1977-06-22 | 1979-10-02 | Nalco Chemical Company | Red mud treatment |
US4146573A (en) * | 1978-03-10 | 1979-03-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Red mud treatment |
AU541439B2 (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1985-01-10 | Alcoa Chemie G.M.B.H. | Thixotropic sludge (eg. red mud) disposal using electrolyte |
DE3215727A1 (de) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-03 | Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln | Verfahren zum behandeln von rotschlamm |
US4810682A (en) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-03-07 | Comalco Aluminum Limited | Production of useful materials including synthetic nepheline from Bayer red mud |
HU209326B (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1994-04-28 | Aquatech Trade Kft | Method for multistage wasteless processing of red sludge and extracting chemical base materials from it |
DD268406A5 (de) * | 1988-03-29 | 1989-05-31 | Melyepitesi Tervezoe Vallalat,Hu | Verfahren zur deponie von rotschlamm |
US5030424A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-07-09 | Alcan International Limited | Recovery of rare earth elements from Bayer process red mud |
US5043077A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-08-27 | Alcan International Limited | Treatment of bayer process red mud slurries |
US5534235A (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1996-07-09 | Nalco Chemical Company | Polymers containing phosphonic acid groups for the treatment of red mud in the Bayer process |
US5607598A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-03-04 | Ormet Corporation | Treatment and disposal of red mud generated in the Bayer Process |
-
1994
- 1994-10-14 AT AT0194394A patent/AT401654B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-10-12 AU AU38415/95A patent/AU692943B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-12 HU HU9702248A patent/HUT77063A/hu unknown
- 1995-10-12 US US08/817,207 patent/US6033579A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-12 WO PCT/EP1995/004021 patent/WO1996011737A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2849636A1 (de) * | 1978-04-24 | 1979-10-25 | Nippon Light Metal Co | Verfahren zur behandlung von rotschlamm |
EP0382383A2 (de) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-16 | Alcan International Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tonerde aus Bauxit |
EP0596857A1 (de) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-11 | Andritz-Patentverwaltungs-Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Verfahren und Anlage zur Trennung von Feststoff-Flüssigkeit-Mischungen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, Band 2, Verfahrenstechnik I (Grundoperationen), 4. Aufl.,", VERLAG CHEMIE, WEINHEIM/BERGSTR. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3841595A (en) | 1996-05-06 |
US6033579A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
AT401654B (de) | 1996-11-25 |
ATA194394A (de) | 1996-03-15 |
AU692943B2 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
HUT77063A (hu) | 1998-03-02 |
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