WO2001097459A1

WO2001097459A1 - Wireless data communication system

Info

Publication number: WO2001097459A1
Application number: PCT/US2001/040973
Authority: WO
Inventors: Todd Graetz; James Maxie
Original assignee: Nevada Space-Net, Inc.
Priority date: 2000-06-14
Filing date: 2001-06-14
Publication date: 2001-12-20
Also published as: AU2001268753A1

Abstract

A wireless data communication system (10). The system includes one or more wireless cells (38a, 38b) that are operably coupled to the Internet backbone (14) by a grid of wireless hubs (36a-e) and a base station (12). The system utilizes TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols as well as encryption.

Description

WIRELESS DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Cross Reference To Related Applications

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional patent application serial number 60/211 ,884, attorney docket number 28260.5, filed on June 14, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Copyright Notice A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

Background This invention relates generally to data communication systems, and in particular to wireless data communication systems.

Data communication systems are an essential part of modern life. For example, local area networks, wide area networks, and the Internet permit users to transmit and share data with other users. Furthermore, wireless communication systems provide added flexibility and mobility to such users. However, conventional wireless data communication systems suffer from a number of drawbacks. For example, data throughput is typically limited. In addition, loading of conventional wireless data communication systems are typically unbalanced and subject to wide fluctuations.

The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations of existing wireless data communication systems.

Summary According to one aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes the Internet, a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas, one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites. The communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP, Ethernet, and data encryption.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes the Internet, a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas, one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites. The communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP, Ethernet, and data encryption. One or more of the hub sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other hub sites, one or more of the wireless cell sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other wireless cell sites, the radio frequency transceivers operate in the 5.8 GHz frequency band, the spacing between the base station antennas and the hub site antennas is less than about 4 miles, and spacing between the hub site antennas and the cell site antennas is less than about 4 miles.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device is provided that includes transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device is provided that includes transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a base station, a grid of wireless hub sites operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hub sites, transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites, transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more of the wireless cell sites, transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more of the end user devices, transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites, and transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device is provided that includes means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device is provided that includes means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a base station, a grid of wireless hub sites operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hub sites, means for transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites, means for transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more of the wireless cell sites, means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more of the end user devices, means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites, and means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes a plurality of communication networks, a base station operably coupled to the communication networks including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas, one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites. The communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including TCP/IP, Ethernet, and data encryption.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes a master wireless cell that includes a master wireless central office router, one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers; and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that includes a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router, and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes the Internet, a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas, one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station, a master wireless cell operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites that includes a master wireless central office router, one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers, and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that include a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router, and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers. The communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including TCP/IP, Ethernet, and data encryption.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system for transmitting data is provided that includes a plurality of communication networks, a base station operably coupled to the communication networks including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas, one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station, a master wireless cell operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites that includes a master wireless central office router, one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers, and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that includes a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router, one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router, and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers. The communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including TCP/IP, Ethernet, and data encryption.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system is provided that includes a wireless base station adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet, a grid of wireless hubs operably coupled to the wireless base station, and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hubs adapted to be operably coupled to one or more users. The wireless base station is adapted to determine if a data transmission is incoming from the Internet or outgoing to the Internet, if the data transmission is incoming from the Internet, then decrypting the incoming data transmission, and if the data transmission is outgoing to the Internet, then encrypting the outgoing data transmission.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system is provided that includes a wireless communication network adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet, an IP switch operably coupled to the wireless communication network, a transceiver operably coupled to the IP switch, an RF combiner operably coupled to the transceiver, and a plurality of antennas operably coupled to the combiner adapted to be operably coupled with one or more users.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a communication system is provided that includes a wireless base station adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet that includes one or more communication interfaces adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet that include an IP switch, an encryption server operably coupled to the IP switch, an IP router operably coupled to the IP switch, a transceiver operably coupled to the IP switch and the IP router, and one or more base station antennas operably coupled to the transceiver, a grid of wireless hubs operably coupled to one or more of the base station antennas of the wireless base station, one or more cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hubs, and one or more end users operably coupled to one or more of the cell sites, each end user including one or more end user antennas operably coupled to one or more of the cell sites, a transceiver operably coupled to the end user antennas, an IP router operably coupled to the transceiver, an IP switch operably coupled to the transceiver, an encryption server operably coupled to the IP switch, and a user network operably coupled to the IP router and the IP switch. The wireless base station is adapted to determine if an IP packet is incoming from the end user or is outgoing to the end users, if the IP packet is incoming from the end users, then the IP packet is decrypted, and if the IP packet is outgoing to the end users, then the IP packet is encrypted.

The present disclosure provides many benefits over conventional systems. For example, the use of TCP/IP and Ethernet through the wireless data communication system provides data throughput on the order of 10 to 100 Mbps. In addition, the wireless cell sites provide a flexible and mobile system for communicating data between the network of hub sites and the end users.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a wireless data communication system. Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the wireless base station of the system of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the wireless hubs of the system of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4a is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the wireless cell sites of the system of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4b is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the end user communication interfaces of the wireless cell of Fig. 4a.

Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the access points of the end user communication interfaces of Fig. 4b. Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustration of an embodiment of the operation of the encryption server of the system of Figs. 1-5.

Figs. 7a and 7b are schematic illustrations of an alternative embodiment of the system of Figs. 1-5.

Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of the system of Figs. 1 -5.

Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of the system of Figs. 1-5.

Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a wireless data communication system. Fig. 11 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a wireless data communication system.

Figs. 12a and 12b are flow chart illustrations of an embodiment of the processing of incoming IP packets in the wireless data communication system of Fig. 11. Figs. 13a and 13b are flow chart illustrations of an embodiment of the processing of incoming IP packets in the wireless data communication system of Fig. 11.

Description of the Preferred Embodiments

The present invention provides a new and unique system and method for wireless data communication. It is understood, however, that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention from that described in the claims. Referring to Figs. 1 , 2, 3, 4a, 4b, and 5, the reference numeral 10 refers, in general, to a wireless system for transmitting data that includes a wireless base station 12 that is coupled to the Internet 14. The wireless base station 12 includes one or more microwave antennas 16 that are operably coupled to the Internet 14 by a corresponding communication interface 18. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 16 are 5.850 Ghz, parabolic, plane polarized, microwave antennas, available from Gabriel Electronics, Inc.

Each communication interface 18 includes a microwave transceiver 20 that is coupled to the corresponding microwave antenna 16, an IP router 22, and an IP switch 24. The IP router 22 is coupled to the IP switch 24, and the

IP switch 24 is also coupled to the Internet 14, an IP router 26, an encryption server 28, and a mail server with virus scanning 30. The IP router 26 is also coupled to the Internet 14 and an ISDN PSTN communication interface 32. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave transceiver 20 is a N2-X transceiver that provides 4 channel separation from adjacent transceivers. In a preferred embodiment, the IP router 22 is a Cisco 2625 IP Router including an ISDN interface and 2 RF45 Ethernet interfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the IP switch 24 is a Cisco 2924-XL-EN that is operated up to 50% of capacity. In a preferred embodiment, the IP router 26 is a Cisco 2625 IP Router including an ISDN interface and 2 RJ45 Ethernet interfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the ISDN PSTN communication interface 32 is a LEC/CLEC including an ISDN PSTN interface. The design and operation of the Internet 14, the microwave antenna 16, the microwave transceiver 20, the IP router 22, the IP switch 24, the IP router 26, the encryption server 28, the mail server with virus scanning 30, and the ISDN PSTN communication interface 32 are considered well known in the art.

A grid 34 of wireless hubs 36 is operably coupled to the wireless base station 12 and one or more wireless cell sites 38. Within the grid 34 of wireless hubs 36, each wireless hub may be operably coupled to one or more other wireless hubs. In this manner, within the grid 34, data may be transmitted between and among a plurality of wireless hubs 36 thereby dramatically increasing throughput.

Each wireless hub 36 includes one or more microwave antennas 40 that are operably coupled to one or more of the microwave antennas 16 of the wireless base station 12 and an Ethernet 42 by a corresponding communication interface 44. The one or more microwave antennas 40 of each wireless hub 36 may also be operably coupled to one or more other microwave antennas 16 of one or more other wireless hubs.

Each communication interface 44 includes a microwave transceiver 46 that is coupled to the corresponding microwave antenna 40, an IP router 48 and an IP switch 50. The IP router 48 and the IP switch 50 are also coupled to the Ethernet 42. The Ethernet 42 is also operably coupled to a local area network 52.

In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 40 are 5.250 - 5.850 Ghz, parabolic, plane polarized, microwave antennas, available from Gabriel Electronics, Inc. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave transceivers 46 are N2-X transceivers that provides 4 channel separation from adjacent transceivers. In a preferred embodiment, the IP router 48 is a Cisco 2625 IP Router including an ISDN interface and 2 RF45 Ethernet interfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the IP switch 50 is a Cisco 2924-XL- EN that is operated up to 50% of capacity. The design and operation of the microwave antenna 40, the Ethernet 42, the microwave transceiver 46, the_. IP router 48, the IP switch 50, and the local area network 52 are considered well known in the art.

Each wireless cell site 38 includes one or more microwave antennas 54 that are operably coupled to one or more of the microwave antennas 40 of one or more of the wireless hubs 36 and one or more corresponding end user communication interfaces 56. An Ethernet 58 is coupled to the end user communication interfaces 56, and a local area network 60 is coupled to the Ethernet.

Each end user communication interface 56 includes a microwave transceiver 62 that is coupled to the corresponding microwave antenna 54, an IP switch 64, and an IP router 66. The IP switch 64 is also coupled to the Ethernet 58 and a wireless central office router (COR) 68, and the IP router 66 is also coupled to the Ethernet. The COR 68 is also coupled to one or more wireless remote office routers (ROR) 70 by a wireless microwave communication interface. One or more access points (AP) 72 are in turn operably coupled to the corresponding wireless RORs 70.

In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 54 are 2 foot diameter, 5.8 Ghz dish antennas, with 23.8 dbi gain. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave transceivers 62 are N2-X transceivers that provides 4 channel separation from adjacent transceivers. In a preferred embodiment, the IP switches 64 are Cisco 2924-XL-EN IP switches, and the IP routers 66 are Cisco 2625 IP routers that include an ISDN interface and 2 RJ45 Ethernet interfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the wireless CORs 68 are ORINOCO™ model 848491544 wireless central office routers commercially available from Lucent Technologies, and the wireless RORs 70 are ORINOCO™ model 848443941 remote office routers commercially available from Lucent Technologies. In a preferred embodiment, the COR 68 and the RORs 70 are spaced within about 1.5 miles of each other in order to minimize losses and maximize data throughput. In a preferred embodiment, the communication interface between the RORs 70 and the APs 72 are provided using 10- Base-T and no more than one AP 72 is operably coupled to any given ROR 70 in order to maximize bandwidth and data throughput between the ROR 70 and the AP 72. The design and operation of the microwave antennas 54, the Ethernet 58, the local area network 60, the transceivers 62, the IP switches 64, the IP routers 66, the wireless CORs 68, and the wireless RORs 70 are considered well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, each wireless cell site 38 is provided substantially as disclosed in IEEE standard 802.11b.

In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 16, 40, and 54 are coupled to the corresponding transceivers 20, 46, and 62 by LMR type cable that is less than 4 feet in length in order to minimize losses.

Each AP 72 includes an Ethernet 74 that is coupled to the corresponding ROR 70 and one or more transceivers 76. One or more microwave antennas 78 are in turn coupled to the corresponding transceivers 76 for communicating with corresponding end users 80 that include conventional wireless PC communication interface cards.

In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 74 are 7 dbi antennas spaced at a maximum of 60 degrees. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave antennas 78 are operably coupled to the corresponding transceiver 76 by an ORINOCO™ model 848274205 Low Loss Antenna Cable 75 ft (22.5 meter) - Standard N (Male-Male) - LMR 400 commercially available from Lucent Technologies in order to maximize signal throughput and data quality. In a preferred embodiment, each access point 72 includes a model 847851680 ORINOCO™ WavePOINT-ll Access Point commercially available from Lucent Technologies. In a preferred embodiment, the users 80 include ORINOCO™ fixed wireless PC communication interface cards commercially available from Lucent Technologies.

In several alternative embodiments, the users 80 may include, for example, desktop personal computers, laptop computers, cell phones, local area networks, and/or wide area networks that may transmit and receive voice and/or data packets to and from the Internet 14.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wireless cell sites 38 are provided substantially as described in IEEE standard 802.11 b and include one or more of the following devices: (1 ) ORINOCO™ model 848274205 Low Loss Antenna Cable 75 ft (22.5 meter) - Standard N (Male-Male) - LMR 400 commercially available from Lucent Technologies; (2) ORINOCO™ model 848441481 PC Card commercially available from Lucent Technologies; (3)

ORINOCO™ model 847851680 WavePOINT-ll Access Point - Includes USA/Canada Power Cord commercially available from Lucent Technologies; (4) ORINOCO™ model 848491544 Central Outdoor Router w/ USA-Canada Power Cord commercially available from Lucent Technologies; (5) ORINOCO™ model 848443941 Remote Outdoor Router w/USA-Canada

Power Cord commercially available from Lucent Technologies. The design and operation, as well as the typical configuration and connectivity, of these wireless communication devices commercially available from Lucent Technologies are considered well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, during operation of the system 10, data signals are transmitted between the wireless base station 12 and the Internet 14 using TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols. In a preferred embodiment, the data signals are transmitted full duplex between the wireless base station 12 and the U.S. backbone of the Internet 14. In this manner, data transmissions on the order of 100 Mbps are provided between the wireless base station 12 and the Internet 14.

In a preferred embodiment, within the wireless base station 12, all data transmissions are encrypted using the encryption server 28, and all incoming or outgoing e-mail is scanned for viruses using the mail server 30. In this manner, the system 10 provides optimal security for the end users 72. In a preferred embodiment, the IP switches 24 are never loaded to more than 50% of their capacity in order to maximize bandwidth and data throughput.

As will be recognized by persons having ordinary skill in the art, TCP/IP networks require the use of ports to send data packets. Thus, each application (e.g., email, FTP, HTTP - Web) that operates in a TCP/IP based network has a port number assigned to it. The port number allows multiple applications to operate in TCP/IP based network without data being sent to the wrong application. Thus, data packets in a TCP/IP based network require at least three parts. One part for the destination of the data, another part containing the port number of the application that will receive the packet, and a final part containing the data itself.

In an exemplary embodiment of the system 10, the port numbers assigned to an exemplary listing of applications that may operate in the system 10 includes the following:

# This file contains port numbers for well-known services as defined by # RFC 1060 (Assigned Numbers).

#

# Format: #

# <service name> <port number>/<protocol> [aliases...] [#<comment>] #

echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp discard 9/tcp sink null discard 9/udp sink null systat 11/tcp systat 11/tcp users daytime 13/tcp daytime 13/udp netstat 15/tcp qotd 17/tcp quote qotd 17/udp quote chargen 19/tcp ttytst source chargen 19/udp ttytst source ftp-data 20/tcp ftp 21/tcp telnet 23/tcp smtp 25/tcp mail time 37/tcp timserver time 37/udp timserver rip 39/udp resource # resource location name 42/tcp nameserver name 42/udp nameserver whois 43/tcp nicname # usually to sri-nic domain 53/tcp nameserver # name-domain server domain 53/udp nameserver nameserver 53/tcp domain # name-domain server nameserver 53/udp domain mtp 57/tcp # deprecated bootp 67/udp # boot program server tftp 69/udp rje 77/tcp netrjs finger 79/tcp link 87/tcp ttylink supdup 95/tcp hostnames 101/tcp hostname # usually from sri-nic iso-tsap 02/tcp dictionary 103/tcp webster x400 103/tcp # ISO Mail x400-snd 104/tcp csnet-ns 105/tcp pop 109/tcp postoffice pop2 109/tcp # Post Office pop3 110/tcp postoffice portmap 111/tcp portmap 111/udp sunrpc 111/tcp sunrpc 111/udp auth 113/tcp authentication sftp 115/tcp path 117/tcp uucp-path 117/tcp nntp 119/tcp Usenet # Network News Transfer ntp 123/udp ntpd ntp # network time protocol (exp) nbname 137/udp nbdatagram 138/udp nbsession 139/tcp

NeWS 144/tcp news sgmp 153/udp sgmp tcprepo 158/tcp repository # PCMAIL snmp 161/udp snmp snmp-trap 162/udp snmp print-srv 170/tcp # network PostScript vmnet 175/tcp load 315/udp vmnetO 400/tcp sytek 500/udp biff 512/udp comsat exec 512/tcp login 513/tcp who 513/udp whod shell 514/tcp cmd # no passwords used syslog 514/udp printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler talk 517/udp ntalk 518/udp efs 520/tcp # for LucasFilm route 520/udp router routed timed 525/udp timeserver tempo 526/tcp newdate courier 530/tcp rpc conference 531 /tcp chat rvd-control 531 /udp MIT disk netnews 532/tcp readnews netwall 533/udp # -for emergency broadcasts uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon klogin 543/tcp # Kerberos authenticated riogin kshell 544/tcp cmd # and remote shell new-rwho 550/udp new-who # experimental remotefs 556/tcp rfs_server rfs# Brunhoff remote filesystem rmonitor 560/udp rmonitord # experimental monitor 561 /udp # experimental garcon 600/tcp maitrd 601 /tcp busboy 602/tcp acctmaster 700/udp acctslave 701/udp acct 702/udp acctlogin 703/udp acctprinter 704/udp elcsd 704/udp # errlog acctinfo 705/udp acctslave2 706/udp acctdisk 707/udp kerberos 750/tcp kdc # Kerberos authentication-tcp kerberos 750/udp kdc # Kerberos authentication--udp kerberos_master 751 /tcp # Kerberos authentication kerberos_master 751 /udp # Kerberos authentication passwd_server 752/udp # Kerberos passwd server userreg__server 753/udp # Kerberos userreg server krb_prop 754/tcp # Kerberos slave propagation erlogin 888/tcp # Login and environment passing kpop 1109/tcp # Pop with Kerberos phone 1167/udp ingreslock 1524/tcp maze 1666/udp nfs 2049/udp # sun nfs knetd 2053/tcp # Kerberos de-multiplexor eklogin 2105/tcp # Kerberos encrypted riogin rmt 5555/tcp rmtd mtb 5556/tcp mtbd # mtb backup man 9535/tcp # remote man server w 9536/tcp mantst 9537/tcp # remote man server, testing bnews 10000/tcp rscsO 10000/udp queue 10001 /tcp rscsl 10001 /udp poker 10002/tcp rscs2 10002/udp gateway 10003/tcp rscs3 10003/udp remp 10004/tcp rscs4 10004/udp rscsδ 10005/udp rscs6 10006/udp rscs7 10007/udp rscsδ 10008/udp rscs9 10009/udp rscsa 10010/udp rscsb 10011 /udp q master 10012/tcp qmaster 10012/udp

In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 6, the encryption server 28 implements a method 100 for encryption and decryption in which the encryption server monitors all incoming and outgoing data transmissions, to and from the Internet 14, in step 105. If the data transmission is incoming, then the encryption server 28 intercepts the incoming data transmission, decrypts the incoming data transmission, and then permits the incoming data transmission to be received in step 1 0. In several alternative embodiments, in step 110, the encryption server 28 may decrypt the incoming data using one or more conventional methods of decrypting data transmissions. If the data transmission is outgoing, then the encryption server 28 intercepts the outgoing data transmission, encrypts the outgoing data transmission, and permits the outgoing data transmission to be transmitted in step 115. In several alternative embodiments, in step 115, the encryption server 28 may encrypt the outgoing data using one or more conventional methods of encrypting data transmissions. In a preferred embodiment, data is transmitted between the wireless base station 12 and the grid of wireless hub sites 34 using TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols. In this manner, bandwidth and data throughput are maximized. In an exemplary embodiment, data transmission on the order of 10 to 100 Mbps is provided between the wireless base station 12 and the grid of wireless hub sites 34. In a preferred embodiment, the spacing between the microwave antennas 16 of the wireless base station 12 and the microwave antennas 40 within the grid of wireless hub sites 34 is less than about 4 miles at +4 dbm in order to optimize system capacity, bandwidth, and throughput. In a preferred embodiment, data is transmitted between the wireless hub sites 36, within the grid of wireless hub sites 34, using TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols. In this manner, bandwidth and data throughput are maximized. In an exemplary embodiment, data transmission on the order of 10 to 100 Mbps is provided within the grid of wireless hub sites 34. In a preferred embodiment, the spacing between the microwave antennas 40 of the wireless hub sites 36, within the grid of wireless hub sites 34, is less than about 4 miles at +4 dbm in order to optimize system capacity, bandwidth, and throughput.

In a preferred embodiment, data is transmitted between the grid of wireless hub sites 34 and the wireless cell sites 38, and between and within the wireless cell sites 38, using TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols. In this manner, bandwidth and data throughput are maximized. In an exemplary embodiment, data transmission on the order of 10 to 100 Mbps is provided between the grid of wireless hub sites 34 and the wireless cell sites 38, and between and within the wireless cell sites 38.

Within the wireless hub sites 38, data is transmitted between the antennas 54 and the wireless central office router 68. Data is also transmitted between the wireless CORs 68 and the wireless RORs 70. In a preferred embodiment, all data transmissions between the wireless CORs 68 and the wireless RORs 70 is by wireless microwave transmission. In a preferred embodiment, data is finally transmitted between the corresponding antennas 78 of the corresponding access point 72 and the end users 80 by microwave transmission.

In a preferred embodiment, each wireless COR 68 includes a pair of antennas for communicating with corresponding wireless RORs 70. In a preferred embodiment, each AP 72 includes a pair of antennas 78 for communicating with end users 80.

In a preferred embodiment, all signals transmitted between the microwave antennas within the system 10 include: (1 ) a signal to noise ratio of 37 db, (2) a signal level of -57 db, and (3) a noise level of -95 db in order to provide maximum bandwidth and minimum TCP/IP errors. In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 limits the capacity utilization to up to 50% in order to maximize throughput and bandwidth and minimize uneven loading of the system.

In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 uses TCP/IP and Ethernet communication protocols to monitor and maintain the system. In this manner, the system 10 provides maximum bandwidth.

In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 is implemented using PC- Anywhere 32 v 9.2 and Cisco Works 2000.

In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 is never loaded above 50% of capacity and utilizes a direct Ethernet connection to the US

Internet backbone. In this manner, the system 10 provided optimal access speeds. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, through the system 10, supporting equipment is not shared among communication pathways. In this manner, data throughput is maximized. In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 utilizes Ethernet switching throughout the entire system. In this manner, load balancing and throughput are maximized. Other benefits of the all switched network include faster system upgrades and maintenance. In an exemplary embodiment, using the system of switches and routers tied directly into the wireless network and fed directly via Ethernet into the US Internet backbone connection, the system 10 provided access times to the Internet below 1 millisecond.

In an alternative embodiment of the system 10, as illustrated in Figs. 7a and 7b, the communication interfaces 18a, 18b, and 18c of the wireless base station 12 are each operably coupled to the Internet 14a, the ATT telecommunications network 14b, the UUNET telecommunications network 14c, the QUEST telecommunications network 14d, the DIGEX telecommunications network 14e, a region competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) 14f, the Verio communications network 14g, and/or a network access point (NAP) for one or more other communications network. In an exemplary embodiment, one or more of the networks 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, and 14h are capable of transmitting voice and data. In this manner, the present system 10 may be used in combination with, or substituted for, one or more conventional wireless communications networks.

In an alternative embodiment of the system 10, as illustrated in Fig. 8, one or more of the wireless CORs 60 are configured to operate as master wireless CORs 60y that transmit data to one or more wireless CORs 60 that are configured as slave wireless CORs 60z using a wireless microwave communication interface. In this manner, loading of the system 10 may be optimally balanced and evenly distributed between and among the wireless cell sites. In a preferred embodiment, a single master COR 60y transmits data to four slave CORs 60z.

In an alternative embodiment of the system 10, as illustrated in Fig. 9, the system includes an end user 80d that includes an antenna 80da that is operably coupled to one or more of the antennas 78 of one or more of the access points 72 and a transceiver 80db. The transceiver 80db is also operably coupled to a router 80dc and an IP switch 80de. The router 80dc and IP switch 80de are also operably coupled to a user network 80df. In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna 80da is a microwave antenna that is focused upon one or more of the antennas 78 that are horizontal plane antennas, and the antenna 80da is also adapted to monitor all polarized frequencies.

Referring to Fig. 10, an alternative embodiment of a wireless data communication system 200 includes a network 205 that is coupled to a conventional IP switch 210. The network 205 may include one or more of the elements of the wireless communication system 10. The IP switch 210 is also coupled to a conventional transceiver 215, and the transceiver is coupled to a conventional RF combiner 220. The RF combiner 220 is coupled to a plurality of conventional microwave antennas, 225a and 225b, and the microwave antennas may be coupled to one or more end users, 230a and 230b. In an exemplary implementation of the system 200, the combination of the IP switch 210, the transceiver 215, the RF combiner 220, and the plurality of antennas, 225a and 225b, permitted wireless data communication between the system and one or more end users at data rates of about 100Mbps. In an exemplary embodiment, the microwave antennas, 225a and 225b, are conventional 2.4 Ghz or 5.8 Ghz microwave antennas having a minimum of 21 dbi system gain and are at least 2 feet in diameter for maximum throughput. In an exemplary embodiment, the microwave antennas, 225a and 225b, are horizontal polarization and vertical polarization antennas, respectively. In an exemplary embodiment, the transceiver 215 is coupled to the RF combiner 220 by a conventional LMR-900 cable, and the RF combiner is coupled to the antennas, 225a and 225b, by a standard LMR-

900 cable.

In several alternative embodiments, the teachings of the wireless data communication system 200 are incorporated into the wireless data communication system 10. For example, one or more of the antennas 16 of the wireless base station 12 may be a plurality of antennas that are operably coupled to the corresponding transceiver 20 by an RF combiner. In addition, one or more of the antennas 40 of one or more of the wireless hubs 36 may be a plurality of antennas that are operably coupled to the corresponding transceiver 46 by an RF combiner. Furthermore, one or more of the antennas 54 of one or more of the wireless cell sites 38 may be a plurality of antennas that are operably coupled to the corresponding end user interface 56 by an RF combiner. Finally, one or more of the antennas 78 of one or more of the access points 72 may be a plurality of antennas that are operably coupled to the corresponding transceiver 76 by an RF combiner. In this manner, the data throughput of the wireless data communication system 10 may be enhanced.

Referring to Fig. 11 , an embodiment of a wireless data communication system 300 includes an end user 80e that is operably coupled to the Internet 14 by the wireless data communication system 10. The end user 80e includes one or more antennas 80ea that are operably coupled to one or more of the antennas 78 of one of the access points 72 of the wireless data communication system 10. The antennas 80ea are operably coupled to a transceiver 80eb, and the transceiver is further coupled to a router 80ec and an IP switch 80ed. The router 80ec is further operably coupled to a user network 80ee, and the IP switch 80ed is further operably coupled to the user network 80ee and an encryption server 80ef.

In an exemplary embodiment, during operation of the system 300, as illustrated in Figs. 12a and 12b, the system implements a method 400 in which the wireless data communication system 10 determines whether there is an incoming IP packet in step 405. If there is an incoming IP packet, then the wireless data communication system 10 encrypts the incoming IP packets in step 410. In an exemplary embodiment, in step 410, the encryption server 28 encrypts the incoming IP packets in step 410 using one or more conventional encryption methods. In step 415, a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag is then assigned to the incoming IP packet by the wireless data communication system 10. In an exemplary embodiment, steps 405, 410 and

415 are implemented by the wireless base station 12.

The IP packets are then transmitted from the wireless base station 12 to the end user 80e. During the wireless transmission of the IP packets, the IP packets are encoded by the wireless data communication system in step 420. In an exemplary embodiment, in step 420, the IP packets are encoded by the wireless base station 12 in step 420 during the process of transmitting the IP packets from the wireless base station to the grid of wireless hubs 34. When the IP packets are received by the end user 80e, the IP packets are then decoded in step 425. The end user 80e then examines the VLAN tag assigned to the incoming IP packets in step 430 in order to determine the final destination of the incoming IP packets. The end user 80e then decrypts the IP packets in step 435. In an exemplary embodiment, in step 435, the encryption server 80ef decrypts the incoming IP packets using one or more conventional decryption methods. The IP packets are then transmitted to the destination address within the end user 80e in step 440. Thus, the method 400 encrypts all incoming IP data packets that are transmitted between the wireless base station 12 and the end user 80e thereby protecting the IP data packets from interception during wireless transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, during operation of the system 300, as illustrated in Figs. 13a and 13b, the system implements a method 500 in which the end user 80e determines whether there is an outgoing IP packet in step 505. If there is an outgoing IP packet, then the end user 80e encrypts the outgoing IP packets in step 510. In an exemplary embodiment, in step 510, the encryption server 80ef encrypts the outgoing IP packets in step 510 using one or more conventional encryption methods. In step 515, a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag is then assigned to the outgoing IP packet by the end user 80e.

The IP packets are then transmitted from the end user 80e to the wireless base station 12. During the wireless transmission of the IP packets, the IP packets are encoded by the end user 80e in step 520. When the IP packets are received by the wireless base station 12 of the wireless data communication system 10, the IP packets are then decoded in step 525.

The wireless base station 12 then examines the VLAN tag assigned to the outgoing IP packets in step 530 in order to determine the final destination of the outgoing IP packets. The wireless base station 12 then decrypts the IP packets in step 535. In an exemplary embodiment, in step 535, the encryption server 28 decrypts the outgoing IP packets. The IP packets are then transmitted to the destination address within the Internet 14 in step 540. Thus, the method 500 encrypts all outgoing IP data packets that are transmitted between the end user 80e and the wireless base station 12 thereby protecting the IP data packets from interception during wireless transmission.

In an exemplary embodiment of the methods 100, 400 and/or 500, the system 10 utilizes a 1000 bit encryption/decryption key.

In an exemplary embodiment, the methods 100, 400, and/or 500 utilize one or more conventional encryption/decryption methods such as, for example, secret key encryption/decryption in accordance with the DES standard, public key encryption/decryption in accordance with the RSA standard, encryption/decryption in accordance with the DSA standard, encryption/decryption in accordance with one or more of the the Diffie-

Hellman standards, encryption/decryption in accordance with the Elliptic Curve DSA standard, encryption/decryption in accordance with the RC2 standard, encryption/decryption in accordance with the RC4 standard, encryption/decryption in accordance with the RC5 standard, and/or encryption/decryption in accordance with the IDEA standard, or a combination of two or more of the above conventional encryption/decryption methods.

In an exemplary embodiment, the methods 100, 400, and/or 500 include the following software:

import Java. util.*; import java.io.*;

public class ToddDecrypt { static final int BUFFERSIZE = 32768; byte pass[]; byte[] inBuffer; byte[] outBuffer; int passlen; int passctr;

File inFile; File outFile; byte[] fileBytes;

public static void main(String[] args) {

ToddDecrypt e = new ToddDecrypt(args); ToddDecrypt(String[] args) {

if (args.length != 1) {

System.out.println("Usage: Java Decrypt2 <filename>"); System.exit(l);

}

String fileName = args[0]; if (!fileName.endsWith(".enc")) { fileName += ".enc"; }

File file = new File(fileName); if (Ifile.existsO) {

System.out.println("File doesn't exist"); System.exit(1 ); } go(fileName, "x3~g^Λ00 .."); }

void go(String fileName, String passPhrase) { inFile = new File(fileName); pass = passPhrase.getBytes(); passctr = 0; passlen = pass. length;

String origFile = fileName.substring(0, fileName. Iength() - 4); fileBytes = origFile.getBytes();

outFile = new File(origFile); inBuffer = new bytefBUFFERSIZE]; outBuffer = new byte[BUFFERSIZE]; try {

DatalnputStream dis = new DatalnputStream(new FilelnputStream(inFile)); int val; for (int i = 0; i < fileBytes. length; ++i) { val = dis.read(); val = val - 80 - i; if ((byte) val != fileBytesfi]) {

System.out.println("File can't be decrypted"); dis.close(); System.exit(1 );

} } val = dis.read(); if (val 1= 1 ) {

System.out.printlnfFile can't be decrypted"); dis.closeQ; System.exit(l); } val = dis.read(); if (val != 5) {

System.out.println("File can't be decrypted"); dis.closeQ; System.exit(1 );

}

DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outFile)); int len; while ((len = dis.read(inBuffer, 0, BUFFERSIZE)) ==

BUFFERSIZE) { convert(len); dos.write(outBuffer, 0, len);

} if (len > 0) { convert(len); dos.write(outBuffer, 0, len);

} dis.close(); dos.close(); } catch (Exception e) {

System.out.printlnfFatal error: " + e.toStringO);

} System.exit(O);

}

private void convert(int len) { for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { int val = (int) inBuffer[i]; if (val < 0) { val += 256; } int pval = (int) pass[passctr]; if (pval < 0) { pval *= -1 ;

} val -= pval; if (val < 0) val += 256; outBuffer[i] = (byte) val;

++passctr; if (passctr == passlen) { passctr = 0; } } }

void quit() {

System.exit(O); }

}

In another exemplary embodiment, the methods 100, 400 and/or 500 include the following software:

import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class ToddCrypt { static final int BUFFERSIZE = 32768; byte pass[]; byte[] in Buffer; byte[] outBuffer; int passlen; int passctr;

File inFile; File outFile; byte[] fileBytes;

public static void main(String[] args) {

ToddCrypt e = new ToddCrypt(args); }

ToddCrypt(String[] args) { if (args. length != 1) { System.out.printlnfUsage: Java ToddCrypt <filename>"); System.exit(1 );

}

File file = new File(args[0]); if (Ifile.existsO) {

System.out.println("File doesn't exist");

System.exit(l);

} go(args[0], "x3--g^Λ00 ..");

void go(String fileName, String passPhrase) { inFile = new File(fileName); pass = passPhrase. getBytes(); passctr = 0; passlen = pass. length; fileBytes = fileName. getBytes(); outFile = new File(fileName + ".enc"); inBuffer = new byte[BUFFERSIZE]; outBuffer = new byte[BUFFERSIZE]; try {

DatalnputStream dis = new DatalnputStream(new FilelnputStream(inFile));

DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outFile)); for (int i = 0; i < fileBytes.length; ++i) { dos.writeByte(fileBytes[i] + 80 + i);

} dos.writeByte(l); dos.writeByte(5); int len; while ((len = dis.read(inBuffer, 0, BUFFERSIZE)) BUFFERSIZE) { convert(len); dos.write(outBuffer, 0, len); } if (len > 0) { convert(len); dos.write(outBuffer, 0, len);

} dis.closeO; dos.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.printlnfFatal error: " + e.toStringO);

} System.exit(O);

}

private void convert(int len) { for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { int val = (int) inBufferp]; if (val < 0) { val += 256;

} int pval = (int) pass[passctr]; if (pval < 0) { pval += 256;

} val += (int) pval; if (val > 255) val -= 256; outBufferfi] = (byte) val; ++passctr; if (passctr == passlen) { passctr = 0; }

}

void quit() {

System.exit(O);

} } The present embodiments of the invention provide a number of advantages. For example, the use of TCP/IP and Ethernet through the wireless data communication system provides data throughput on the order of 10 to 100 Mbps. In addition, the wireless cell sites provide a flexible and mobile system for communicating data between the network of hub sites and the end users.

It is understood that variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the wireless transmission of data could be provided using any number of commercially available frequency bands. In addition, while described in terms of the transmission of data, the present system could also be used to transmit voice signals such as, for example, voice over the Internet in addition to, or instead of, data. Furthermore, the architecture of the cell sites could be modified to permit direct wireless transmissions from the hub sites to any one, or combination, of the following: the wireless central office routers, the wireless remote office routers, and/or the access points. In addition, any one, or combination, of the following could be used to communicate directly with the end users: the wireless central office routers, the wireless remote office routers, and/or the access points. Moreover, communication between wireless cell sites could be provided by direct communication between the antennas, wireless central office routers, wireless remote office routers, and/or access points of the wireless cell sites.

Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, a wide range of modification, changes and substitution is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. In some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.

Claims

ClaimsWhat is claimed is:

1. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: the Internet; a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas; one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station; and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites; wherein the communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP; Ethernet; and data encryption.

2. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the hub sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other hub sites.

3. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the wireless cell sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other wireless cell sites.

4. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the radio frequency transceivers operate in the 5.8 GHz frequency band.

5. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the spacing between the base station antennas and the hub site antennas is less than about 4 miles.

6. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the spacing between the hub site antennas and the cell site antennas is less than about 4 miles.

7. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the cell sites operate substantially as described in IEEE standard 802.11b.

8. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the data comprises a digital representation of audio.

9. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: the Internet; a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas; one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station; and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites; wherein the communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP; Ethernet; and data encryption; wherein one or more of the hub sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other hub sites; wherein one or more of the wireless cell sites are operably coupled to one or more of the other wireless cell sites; wherein the radio frequency transceivers operate in the 5.8 GHz frequency band; wherein the spacing between the base station antennas and the hub site antennas is less than about 4 miles; and wherein the spacing between the hub site antennas and the cell site antennas is less than about 4 miles.

10. A method of transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device, comprising: transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

11. The method of claim 10, further including: transmitting the data from the Internet to the end user device through a base station and a grid of wireless hub sites.

12. The method of claim 11 , further including: transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites.

13. The method of claim 11 , further including: transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more wireless cell sites.

14. The method of claim 13, further including: transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more end user devices.

15. The method of claim 13, further including: transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites.

16. A method of transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device, comprising: transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a base station, a grid of wireless hub sites operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hub sites; transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites; transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more of the wireless cell sites; transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more of the end user devices; transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites; and transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

17. A system for transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device, comprising: means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

18. The system of claim 17, further including: means for transmitting the data from the Internet to the end user device through a base station and a grid of wireless hub sites.

19. The system of claim 18, further including: means for transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites.

20. The system of claim 18, further including: means for transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more wireless cell sites.

21. The system of claim 20, further including: means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more end user devices.

22. The system of claim 20, further including: means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites.

23. A system for transmitting data between the Internet and an end user device, comprising: means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a base station, a grid of wireless hub sites operably coupled to the base station, and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hub sites; means for transmitting the data between the hub sites within the grid of wireless hub sites; means for transmitting the data between the grid of wireless hub sites and one or more of the wireless cell sites; means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites and one or more of the end user devices; means for transmitting the data between the wireless cell sites; and means for transmitting the data between the Internet and the end user device using a wireless Ethernet using a TCP/IP communication protocol.

24. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: a plurality of communication networks; a base station operably coupled to the communication networks including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas; one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station; and one or more wireless cell sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites; wherein the communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP; Ethernet; and data encryption.

25. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: a master wireless cell that comprises: a master wireless central office router; one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers; and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that comprises: a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router; and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers.

26. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: the Internet; a base station operably coupled to the Internet including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas; one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station; a master wireless cell operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites that comprises: a master wireless central office router; one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers; and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that comprises: a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router; and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers; wherein the communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP; Ethernet; and data encryption.

27. A communication system for transmitting data, comprising: a plurality of communication networks; a base station operably coupled to the communication networks including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas; one or more hub sites including one or more radio frequency transceivers having corresponding antennas operably coupled to the base station; a master wireless cell operably coupled to one or more of the hub sites that comprises: a master wireless central office router; one or more remote office routers operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; and one or more access points operably coupled to each of the remote office routers; and one or more slave wireless cells operably coupled to the master wireless cell that comprises: a slave wireless central office router operably coupled to the master wireless central office router; one or more additional remote office routers operably coupled to the slave wireless central office router; and one or more additional access points operably coupled to each of the additional remote office routers; wherein the communication system transmits data using a communication protocol including: TCP/IP; Ethernet; and data encryption.

28. A communication system, comprising: a wireless base station adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet; a grid of wireless hubs operably coupled to the wireless base station; and one or more wireless cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hubs adapted to be operably coupled to one or more users; wherein the wireless base station is adapted to: determine if a data transmission is incoming from the Internet or outgoing to the Internet; if the data transmission is incoming from the Internet, then decrypting the incoming data transmission; and if the data transmission is outgoing to the Internet, then encrypting the outgoing data transmission.

29. A communication system, comprising: a wireless communication network adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet; an IP switch operably coupled to the wireless communication network; a transceiver operably coupled to the IP switch; an RF combiner operably coupled to the transceiver; and a plurality of antennas operably coupled to the combiner adapted to be operably coupled with one or more users.

30. A communication system, comprising: a wireless base station adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet, comprising: one or more communication interfaces adapted to be operably coupled to the Internet, comprising: an IP switch; an encryption server operably coupled to the IP switch; an IP router operably coupled to the IP switch; a transceiver operably coupled to the IP switch and the IP router; and one or more base station antennas operably coupled to the transceiver; a grid of wireless hubs operably coupled to one or more of the base station antennas of the the wireless base station; one or more cell sites operably coupled to the grid of wireless hubs; and one or more end users operably coupled to one or more of the cell sites, each end user comprising: one or more end user antennas operably coupled to one or more of the cell sites; a transceiver operably coupled to the end user antennas; an IP router operably coupled to the transceiver; an IP switch operably coupled to the transceiver; an encryption server operably coupled to the IP switch; and a user network operably coupled to the IP router and the IP switch; wherein the wireless base station is adapted to: determine if an IP packet is incoming from the end user or is outgoing to the end users; if the IP packet is incoming from the end users, then the IP packet is decrypted; and if the IP packet is outgoing to the end users, then the IP packet is encrypted.

31. The communication system of claim 30, wherein the end users are adapted to: determine if an IP packet is incoming from the wireless base station or is outgoing to the wireless base station; if the IP packet is incoming from the wireless base station, then the IP packet is decrypted; and if the IP packet is outgoing to the wireless base station, then the IP packet is encrypted.