WO2003013435A2 - N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine - Google Patents
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003013435A2 WO2003013435A2 PCT/US2002/025121 US0225121W WO03013435A2 WO 2003013435 A2 WO2003013435 A2 WO 2003013435A2 US 0225121 W US0225121 W US 0225121W WO 03013435 A2 WO03013435 A2 WO 03013435A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acetyl
- glucosamine
- producing
- glucan
- chitin
- Prior art date
Links
- 0 CC(NC(C1)C(OC(C(CO)OC(C2NC(C)=O)OC)C2O)OC(CO)C1(O)OC(C(*C(C=I)=O)C1O)OC(CO)C1OC)=O Chemical compound CC(NC(C1)C(OC(C(CO)OC(C2NC(C)=O)OC)C2O)OC(CO)C1(O)OC(C(*C(C=I)=O)C1O)OC(CO)C1OC)=O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine and methods of making N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine.
- Chitin is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine and terrestrial organisms, including Crustacea, insects, mollusks, and microorganisms, such as fungi.
- the structure of chitin is that of an unbranched polymer of 2-acetoamido-2- deoxy-D-glucose (also known as poly (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine)), and can be represented by the general repeating structure:
- Chitin is typically an amorphous solid that is largely insoluble in water, dilute acids, and alkali. Although chitin has many uses, it can also be degraded to form other useful materials, such as carbohydrates, one of which is the amino sugar N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG).
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine typically includes a single glucosamine unit, but can also include small amounts of short oligomers, such as chitobiose or chitotriose, that have two and three glucosamine units, respectively.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can be used for various applications, including as a food additive and in pharmaceutical compositions.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine The most common source of chitin for use in making N-acetyl-D- glucosamine is shellfish (such as shrimp) biomass.
- shellfish such as shrimp
- One problem with recovering N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from shellfish is that it is very difficult to obtain uniform shellfish biomass.
- the uniformity problems occur in part because shellfish often vary by size, age, and species; are grown under varied environmental conditions; and are gathered from diverse locations. This lack of uniformity makes it difficult to precisely process shellfish biomass.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine obtained from Crustacea can have a high ash content and can contain heavy metals that are concentrated in the Crustacea from their aquatic environment.
- a further problem with N-acetyl-D- glucosamine derived from harvested Crustacea is that it has the potential to include undesired proteins and allergens. Therefore, a need exists for an improved N-acetyl-D-glucosamine material that is obtained utilizing a non-shellfish chitin source.
- the present invention is directed to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine obtained from microbial biomass, and to methods of obtaimng N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from microbial biomass.
- the present invention is directed to the use of fungal biomass to obtain N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is efficiently obtained at high purity by degrading chitin in the biomass to create N- acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the fungal biomass generally contains a significant amount of glucan intermixed with the chitin.
- Glucan is a high molecular weight polymer of glucose and is derived from the cell wall of microbial biomass.
- Glucan can include linkages that are exclusively beta linkages, exclusively alpha linkages, or a mixture of alpha and beta linkages.
- the glucan components of the fungal biomass bind and immobilize the chitin materials, and generally make the chitin unavailable for efficient degradation into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the present invention overcomes the problems associated with the presence of glucan components by degrading the glucan sufficiently to gain chemical access to the chitin components, which are subsequently degraded to form N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the methods of recovering N-acetyl-D-glucosamine generally include providing fungal biomass containing chitin and glucan; degrading at least a portion of the glucan; and degrading at least a portion of the chitin to produce N-acetyl-D- glucosamine.
- the chitin and glucan are enzymatically degraded, while in other implementations the chitin and glucan are chemically degraded.
- the biomass used to form the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of the invention typically is a fungal biomass that has at least 5 weight percent chitin and at least 5 weight percent glucan on a dry basis before degradation, and even more typically has at least 15 weight percent chitin and 50 weight percent glucan on a dry basis before degradation.
- Various fungal biomass sources can be used, including fungal biomass derived from Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Absidium sp., Lacta ⁇ us sp., Mucorsp., Saccharomyces sp., Candida sp. or combinations thereof.
- sp refers to either singular "specie” or plural "species”.
- Suitable specific microbial biomasses include, without limitation, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactarius vellereus, Mucor rouxii, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium notatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and in particular, Candida guillermondi, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus.
- the biomass is recovered from a commercial fermentation reaction, including the commercial production of organic acids, such as citric acid and itaconic acid.
- the term microbial when used to describe the fungal biomass source does not include phyto-plankton and crustaceans or mollusks, which differ significantly in composition and properties from fungal biomass.
- the chitin and glucan components of the fungal biomass are degraded by enzymes.
- the enzymes are typically microorganism-derived.
- the enzymes can be added to the fungal biomass in the presence of the microorganisms from which they are derived, which has the advantage of avoiding the step of separating the enzymes from their source organisms. Inclusion of the source microorganisms can also be advantageous in implementations where the microorganisms continue to create enzymes after having been added to the fungal biomass.
- the enzymes are separated from their source microorganisms (such as by filtration or centrifugation) and subsequently added to the fungal biomass.
- Suitable enzymes for degrading the chitin and glucan include chitinases, ⁇ -
- N-acetyl-glucosaminidases and glucanases.
- the enzymes are generally secreted from eucaryotic or prokaryotic microorganisms.
- Suitable eucaryotic organisms include those from the Trichoderma genus, including, for example, Trichoderma harizianum and Trichoderma reesei.
- Suitable prokaryotic organisms include those from the Serratia genus, the Streptomyces genus, and the Nocardia genus.
- Example prokaryotic organisms include Serratia marcesens, Streptomyces griseus, and Nocardia orientalis.
- Glucanase enzymes are particularly advantageous in order to degrade the glucan component of the fungal biomass. These glucanases should be present at relatively high concentrations in typical implementations of the invention.
- the fungal biomass In general it is not necessary to subject the fungal biomass to extensive physical or chemical pretreatments prior to processing to create N-acetyl-D- glucosamine. Thus, it is usually not necessary to grind the fungal biomass or to pretreat it with an organic solvent. Such steps are normally not required, but they can optionally be performed in some implementations of the invention.
- the degradation reaction When enzymes are used to degrade the chitin and glucan, the degradation reaction is usually maintained at a pH of 4.0 to 6.0 and a temperature of 20° to 45°C. Higher temperatures are generally advantageous, but the temperatures must be low enough to keep the enzymes from degrading.
- the resulting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is generally of high purity. Typically the resulting N- acetyl-D-glucosamine makes up at least 85 percent of the chitin-derived carbohydrates from the fungal biomass.
- FIG. 1 is chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using isolated enzymes to degrade the chitin and glucan.
- FIG. 2 is chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using enzymes added in the presence of microorganisms to degrade the chitin and glucan.
- FIG. 3 is first chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using chemical degradation of the chitin and glucan.
- FIG. 4 is second chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using chemical degradation of the chitin and glucan.
- FIG. 5 is third chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using chemical degradation of the chitin and glucan.
- FIG. 6 is fourth chart depicting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production from fungal biomass using chemical degradation of the chitin and glucan.
- the present invention is directed to N-acetyl-D- glucosamine obtained from microbial biomass, and to methods of obtaining N- acetyl-D-glucosamine from microbial biomass.
- the present invention is directed to the use of fungal biomass to create N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the fungal biomass generally contains a significant amount (at least 15%) of glucan intermixed with the chitin.
- the glucan components of the fungal biomass retain and immobilize the chitin materials, and generally make the chitin unavailable for easy degradation into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the retention and immobilization of the chitin is particularly problematic because it can interfere with rapid, efficient production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by either slowing down the production of N-acetyl-D- glucosamine or by requiring the use of harsh reaction conditions that break down the glucan but also simultaneously degrade the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- it is necessary to degrade the glucan without losing an excessive amount of N-acetyl-D- glucosamine in the process.
- the present invention overcomes the problems associated with the presence of glucan components by degrading the glucan sufficiently to gain chemical access to the chitin components, which are subsequently degraded to form N-acetyl-D- glucosamine, without excessively degrading the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that is produced.
- degradation refers to sufficient change in the glucan to permit transforming the adjacent chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the invention generally includes providing fungal biomass containing chitin and glucan, degrading at least a portion of the glucan, and degrading at least a portion of the chitin to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
- the chitin and glucan are enzymatically degraded, while in other implementations the chitin and glucan are chemically degraded.
- the present invention is directed to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine recovered from microbial biomass, primarily fungal biomass, including yeast and filamentous fungi.
- the biomass used to form the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of the invention typically is a fungal biomass that has at least 5 weight percent chitin and at least 5 weight percent glucan on a dry basis before degradation, and even more typically has at least 15 weight percent chitin and 50 weight percent glucan on a dry basis before degradation.
- the fungal biomass has 15-20 wt.% chitin; about 60 wt.% glucan; 15-20 wt.% protein; and a small percentage of lipids, mannan, galactan, etc.
- the remaining unaccounted for materials can include nucleic acids, phosphatidic acid, and lipid substituents such as choline, ethanolamine, serine, and inositol.
- the composition is typically about 85 wt.% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and 15 wt.% or less glucan.
- Suitable fungal biomasses include Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus oryzae,
- the biomass is recovered from a commercial fermentation reaction, including the commercial production of organic acids, such as citric acid or itaconic acid.
- organic acids such as citric acid or itaconic acid.
- citric-acid fermentation facilities use fungi to create citric acid.
- the fungal biomass from citric-acid fermentation has been discarded or used as fuel, feed, or fertilizer.
- the present invention allows extraction of high quality N-acetyl-D- glucosamine from this fungal biomass.
- Biomass suitable for use in the present invention includes most types of chitin-containing microbial biomass, and in particular fungal biomass.
- the invention is particularly well suited to uses where the chitin levels exceed 5 percent of the dry biomass weight.
- Such biomass usually has between 5 and 25 percent chitin, and typically from 10 to 20 percent chitin, based upon dry weight of the biomass.
- the present invention is also directed, in part, to improved methods of producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from chitin-containing biomass.
- the chitin and glucan components of the fungal biomass are degraded by enzymes.
- the enzymes are typically microorganism- derived.
- the enzymes may be added to the fungal biomass in the presence of the microorganisms from which they are derived, which has the advantages of avoiding the step of separating the enzymes from their source organisms.
- the source microorganisms can also be advantageous in implementations where the microorganisms continue to create enzymes after having been added to the fungal biomass.
- the enzymes are separated from their source microorganisms (such as by filtration or centrifugation) and subsequently added to the fungal biomass.
- Suitable enzymes for degrading the chitin and glucan include chitinases, ⁇ -n- acetyl-glucosaminidases, and glucanases.
- the enzymes are typically secreted from a eucaryotic microorganism, such as an organism from the Trichoderma genus, including, for example, Trichoderma harizianum and Trichoderma reesei.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is formed by chemical degradation of the chitin and glucan components of fungal biomass.
- the chemical degradation can be performed by hydrolysis using a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid.
- a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid.
- the processing temperature and volume of acid added to the fungal biomass should be selected such that it is great enough to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine without degrading the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine produced.
- Suitable reaction conditions include, for example, approximately 20 percent HCl at 60°C. Other suitable ranges of reaction conditions include from about 10 to 36 percent HCl, even more typically 15 to 36 percent HCl. Suitable temperatures include from about 20° to 100°C, more typically from about 40° to 80°C.
- the resulting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine makes up at least 85 percent of the chitin-derived carbohydrates from the fungal biomass.
- the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine composition contains a total of less than 15 weight percent glucan and glucan derivatives.
- These other glucan derivatives include, for example, glucose, maltose, and other glucose-based oligosaccharides.
- the improved N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can be advantageously used in various applications. These applications include pharmaceuticals, general medical uses, nutritional and dietary products, and various other industrial and consumer products and processes. Various other applications and uses for the N-acetyl-D- glucosamine are also appropriate.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is formed using purified or isolated enzymes
- N- acetyl-D-glucosamine is formed using a mixture of enzymes and enzyme producing organisms
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is , formed using a strong acid.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was produced using Aspergillus niger fungal biomass generated from citric acid production. Enzymes isolated by filtering or centrifuging from their microbial sources (T. harzianum or T. reesei) were used to degrade the fungal biomass.
- the fungal biomass source was prepared by pretreating with a number of reagents to degrade proteins and other contaminants, as well as to initiate degradation of the chitin and glucan. Specifically, 100 grams of citric acid biomass was added to a liter beaker. The 100 grams of Aspergillus niger biomass was used as it was received from a citric acid production facility. The biomass contained about 15 to 20 percent dry solids at the time of measurement. Therefore approximately 15 to 20 grams of mycelial citric acid biomass was used on a dry weight basis to a flask to contain one liter of media. About one liter of water was added to the biomass. To this the following were added in the given order while mixing with a magnetic stirrer between 20° and 40°C.
- Enzyme 1 Sigma L-1412 Lysing enzyme, containing 140 units per gram of chitinase, 0.728 units per gram of protease, and 1.54 units per gram of cellulase. 0.1 grams was added to the treatment tube, equivalent to 14 units of chitinase, 0.073 units of protease, and 0.154 units of cellulase;
- Enzyme 2 Sigma C-6137 Chitinase enzyme, containing from 200 to 600 units per gram of chitinase (where one unit will liberate 1.0 mg of N-acetyl-D- glucosamine from chitin per hour at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 25°C in combination with ⁇ -N-acetyl glucosaminidase (also known as N-acetyl-D- glucosaminease) in a 2 hour assay). 0.001 grams of the enzyme was added to the treatment tube, equivalent to approximately 200 units of chitinase.
- Enzyme 3 Sigma A-3189 ⁇ -N-acetyl glucosaminidase, containing from 50 to 150 units per milligram divided between 0.5% ⁇ -galactosidase and ⁇ -xylosidase and 2% alpha-galactosamine. Thus, one unit will hydrolyze 1.0 micromole of p- nitrophenyl N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-glucosaminide per minute at a pH of 4 at 25°C to liberate terminal ⁇ -linked N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine from various substrates. Approximately five units of the ⁇ -N-acetyl glucosaminidase was added in the amount of a 0.1 ml solution to the treatment tube.
- the lysing enzyme and the chitinase enzyme were hydrated with 0.1 milliliter of cold reagent buffer before being added to the 8.3 ml substrate (citric biomass media) tube at 25°C. All transfers of the buffer to the enzyme and enzyme to the substrate tube were done in an aseptic manner to decrease the possibility of airborne contamination.
- the reagent was a potassium phosphate buffer including the following: 200 mM potassium phosphate (2.72 grams per 100 milliliter), 2 mM calcium chloride (0.029 grams per 100 milliliter), dilute to 100 ml with de-ionized H 2 0 and adjust the pH to 6.0 using 1M KOH.
- the buffer was autoclaved and stored at room temperature. Upon use for hydration, the buffer was chilled and kept on ice until used for hydration.
- the N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was added directly to the reaction tube without mixing the buffer because it was already in a suspended form.
- the tubes were immediately transferred into a glass beaker, which was placed in a 28°C shaking water bath (at 180 rpm).
- Samples were taken from the tube at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours by collecting approximately 1.5 milliliters of the sample, which was filtered undiluted with a 0.45 micrometer filter, and immediately analyzed for N-acetyl-D- glucosamine on a high pressure liquid chromatograph.
- the lysing enzyme alone and a combination of the chitinase and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase were used as the two treatments on the citric biomass media.
- the combination of the two enzymes resulted in 4.04 g/L N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at 72 hours (as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1).
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine produced using Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma reesei 100 grams of citric biomass (containing about 15 to 20 percent by weight dry biomass) was placed in a 1 liter container. The pH of the biomass was adjusted to pH 5.5 with KOH, and sterilized in 120 ml amounts in 500 ml baffled flasks.
- the flasks Upon cooling, the flasks were inoculated with 2 ml of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma reesei (ATCC 66589) from a PDA slant hydrated with 1% Tween or a phosphate buffer used to hydrate the Trichoderma spores.
- the slants were hydrated with either Tween or buffer for approximately 5 minutes at room temperature prior to aseptically dispensing 2 ml of the hydrated spores into the 120 ml of media.
- the flasks were incubated at 28°C in a rotary shaker at 180 rpm for 216 hours prior to transfer into the biomass.
- This example used chemical hydrolysis to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from citric acid biomass (Aspergillus niger). Approximately 500 grams of biomass that had been previously treated with 2 percent sodium hydroxide (to remove proteins) was placed in a three-neck reactor flask. Hydrochloric acid and deionized water was added to adjust the acid concentration and biomass concentration to a desired value. The reactor was subsequently heated to 60° to 90°C, and samples drawn at 30 minute intervals for 6 to 7 hours. These samples were immediately analyzed for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucosamine using a high pressure liquid chromatograph.
- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine formation was favored under the conditions of 20 percent hydrochloric acid and 60°C. At these conditions up to 6.42 grams of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were observed. It may also be seen that N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is kinetically favored due to the much lower rate of N- acetyl-D-glucosamine disappearance in the reactor vessel under these conditions compared to those at 90 °C. Low hydrochloric acid levels (2 percent) showed little or no N-acetyl-D-glucosamine formation at 60° and 90°C.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02761283A EP1521760A4 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
CA002456544A CA2456544A1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
BR0211766-5A BR0211766A (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl d-glucosamine |
MXPA04001186A MXPA04001186A (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. |
AU2002326559A AU2002326559A1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
US11/395,013 US8222232B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-03-31 | Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods of making the same fungal biomass |
US11/394,981 US7923437B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-03-31 | Water soluble β-glucan, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods for making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/924,865 US6693188B2 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2001-08-08 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine |
US09/924,865 | 2001-08-08 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/924,865 Continuation US6693188B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-08-08 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/034846 Continuation-In-Part WO2004041199A2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2003-10-31 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (nag) supplemented food products and beverages |
US11/394,981 Continuation-In-Part US7923437B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-03-31 | Water soluble β-glucan, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods for making the same |
US11/395,013 Continuation-In-Part US8222232B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-03-31 | Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods of making the same fungal biomass |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003013435A2 true WO2003013435A2 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
WO2003013435A3 WO2003013435A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
Family
ID=25450844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/025121 WO2003013435A2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-07 | N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and process for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6693188B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1521760A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002326559A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0211766A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2456544A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04001186A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003013435A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007097466A (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-19 | Kitto Life Co Ltd | Method for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by enzymatic hydrolysis |
WO2007123622A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-11-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods of making the same from fungal biomass |
WO2007126727A3 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-12-27 | Cargill Inc | WATER SOLUBLE β-GLUCAN, GLUCOSAMINE, AND N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME |
EP1908847A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2008-04-09 | Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for fermentative production of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by microorganism |
EP1953236A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | Hygieia Health Co., Ltd | Methods for producing glucosamine from microbial biomass |
US7816514B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2010-10-19 | Cargill, Incorporated | Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass |
CN111647027A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-11 | 江苏海飞生物科技有限公司 | Method for separating and purifying N-acetylglucosamine |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7041657B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2006-05-09 | Marine Polymer Technologies Inc. | Compositions and methods for modulation of vascular structure and/or function |
US8152750B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2012-04-10 | Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc. | Vascular access preservation in hemodialysis patients |
US7622576B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2009-11-24 | Jfc Technologies, Llc | Halide-free glucosamine base and method of preparation |
EA200870001A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-10-30 | Мартек Байосайенсиз Корпорейшн | HYDROLISATE BIOMASS, ITS APPLICATION AND MANUFACTURE |
KR100735826B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2007-07-06 | 주식회사 키토라이프 | Preparation Method of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Using Enzyme Degradation |
US20070088157A1 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-19 | Hubbs John C | Preparation of glucosamine |
US20100105634A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2010-04-29 | Cargill, Incorporated | Use of glucosamine as a mental and physical stress recovery enhancer and a performance enhancer |
KR101058285B1 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2011-08-22 | 주식회사 아라바이오 | Method for Extracting N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine by Enzymatic Degradation from Squid Cartilage |
US8460897B1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-06-11 | Eclipse Bioproducts, LLC | Methods of culturing fungi and producing cellulases and chitin |
WO2012137201A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Hcl Cleantech Ltd. | Lignocellulose conversion processes and products |
US9493851B2 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2016-11-15 | Virdia, Inc. | Methods for treating lignocellulosic materials |
CA2872510C (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2019-12-24 | Virdia Ltd | Methods for treating lignocellulosic materials |
US9249235B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-02 | Johannes van Leeuwen | Processes for isolating chitin and chitosan from fungal biomass |
SE538899C2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2017-01-31 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for treating lignocellulosic materials |
CN110684057A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-01-14 | 山东润德生物科技有限公司 | Production method of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine |
CA3160266A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | University Of Montana | Antibacterial carbohydrate vaccine |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5905035A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-05-18 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fungus useful for chitin production |
US5998173A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-12-07 | The University Of Bristish Columbia | Process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine |
Family Cites Families (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB458839A (en) | 1934-06-21 | 1936-12-21 | Du Pont | Chitin compounds |
US2040879A (en) | 1934-06-21 | 1936-05-19 | Du Pont | Substantially undegraded deacetylated chitin and process for producing the same |
GB785525A (en) | 1955-06-03 | 1957-10-30 | American Home Prod | Process for preparing a glucosamine |
GB833264A (en) | 1956-01-20 | 1960-04-21 | Ciba Ltd | Process for the manufacture of 2-amino-aldohexoses |
GB896940A (en) | 1959-02-26 | 1962-05-23 | Pfizer & Co C | Healing agent for wounds of the body surface |
US3232836A (en) | 1959-08-24 | 1966-02-01 | Pfizer & Co C | Facilitating healing of body surface wounds by intravenous administration of n-acetyl glucosamine, glucosamine, or pharmaceutically acceptable acid salts of glucosamine |
US3632754A (en) | 1968-02-12 | 1972-01-04 | Lescarden Ltd | Use of chitin for promoting wound healing |
US3903268A (en) | 1968-02-12 | 1975-09-02 | Lescarden Ltd | Chitin and chitin derivatives for promoting wound healing |
US3911116A (en) | 1970-04-13 | 1975-10-07 | Leslie L Balassa | Process for promoting wound healing with chitin derivatives |
US3914413A (en) | 1971-02-10 | 1975-10-21 | Leslie L Balassa | Process for facilitating wound healing with N-acetylated partially depolymerized chitin materials |
US4056432A (en) | 1971-07-06 | 1977-11-01 | Calgon Corporation | Process for making paper products of improved dry strength |
IT1104351B (en) | 1978-06-14 | 1985-10-21 | Muzzarelli Riccardo | THE GLUCAN COMPLEX CHITOSANO THE METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION FROM MUSHROOMS AND YEASTS AND ITS USES |
JPS58441B2 (en) | 1978-07-08 | 1983-01-06 | 工業技術院長 | How to produce chitosan |
IT1148050B (en) | 1981-04-30 | 1986-11-26 | Rotta Research Lab | STABLE GLUCOSAMINE SULPHATE COMPOUND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SUCH COMPOUND |
US4948881A (en) | 1982-12-28 | 1990-08-14 | Sanofi | Process for the depolymerization and sulfation of polysaccharides |
US4806474A (en) | 1985-06-10 | 1989-02-21 | Miles Inc. | Preparation of mycelial chitosan and glucan fractions from microbial biomass |
JPS6270401A (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-31 | Fuji Boseki Kk | Production of carboxyalkylchitosan granule |
JPS6397633A (en) | 1986-10-13 | 1988-04-28 | Fuji Boseki Kk | Novel chitosan particle |
JPS63225602A (en) | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-20 | Nitta Zerachin Kk | Easily soluble chitosan |
JPS63273493A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-10 | Kyogyo Kumiai N F I | Production of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
JPH0220292A (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-23 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Production of depolymerized chitosan |
JPH02135134A (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1990-05-24 | Katokichi:Kk | Membrane for separating water-alcohol mixed liquid |
JPH02149335A (en) | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-07 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Chitosan-gelatine crosslinking gel |
JPH02180903A (en) | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-13 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Crosslinked chitosan |
JP2732107B2 (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1998-03-25 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Method for producing low molecular weight chitosan |
JPH075741B2 (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1995-01-25 | 富士紡績株式会社 | Process for producing granular porous chitosan derivative having sulfo group |
JPH02258740A (en) | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-19 | Taiyo Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method for adsorbing acid to chitosan |
US5262310A (en) | 1991-05-31 | 1993-11-16 | Akebono Brake Industry Co, Ltd. | Enzymatic decomposition method of chitin-containing materials |
JPH05199892A (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1993-08-10 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Production of chitosan |
JP3181337B2 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 2001-07-03 | ピアス株式会社 | Method for producing chitosan oligosaccharide mixture and method for producing chitin oligosaccharide mixture |
US5219749A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1993-06-15 | Institute For Molecular Biology & Biotechnology/Forth | Process for isolating and preparing purified chitin deacetylase |
JP2905093B2 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1999-06-14 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | Dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution of chitosan and method for producing the same |
JP2901176B2 (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1999-06-07 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Low viscosity chitosan and method for producing the same |
AU4830896A (en) | 1995-02-13 | 1996-09-04 | Abion Beteiligungs- Und Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Process for producing chitosan-glucan complexes, compounds producible therefrom and their use |
US5792647A (en) | 1995-02-13 | 1998-08-11 | The Johns Hopkins University | Bacterial catabolism of chitin |
JP2769992B2 (en) | 1995-04-25 | 1998-06-25 | 工業技術院長 | Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase |
WO1998025631A1 (en) | 1996-12-13 | 1998-06-18 | Lescarden, Inc. | Treatment of osteoarthritis by administering poly-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
US6372457B1 (en) | 1997-01-14 | 2002-04-16 | Arkion Life Sciences Llc | Process and materials for production of glucosamine |
GB9706195D0 (en) | 1997-03-25 | 1997-05-14 | Univ London Pharmacy | Particulate drug carriers |
JP4213773B2 (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2009-01-21 | 川研ファインケミカル株式会社 | Deodorizing and decolorizing method for surfactant |
US5730876A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-03-24 | Hyang-Ja You | Separation and purification of low molecular weight chitosan using multi-step membrane separation process |
EP0885954A1 (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1998-12-23 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Chitinolytic enzymes production by Penicillium janthinellum |
EP1051506B2 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 2019-08-21 | Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals | Procedures for the extraction and isolation of bacterial capsular polysaccharides for use as vaccines or linked to proteins as conjugates vaccines |
WO1999058650A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Biomarin Pharmaceuticals | Lytic enzymes useful for treating fungal infections |
US5902801A (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-05-11 | Jame Fine Chemicals, Inc. | Glucosamine sulfate metal chloride compositions and process of preparing same |
US5843923A (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1998-12-01 | Jame Fine Chemicals, Inc. | Glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride and process of preparation thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-08-08 US US09/924,865 patent/US6693188B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-07 AU AU2002326559A patent/AU2002326559A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-07 CA CA002456544A patent/CA2456544A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-07 MX MXPA04001186A patent/MXPA04001186A/en unknown
- 2002-08-07 BR BR0211766-5A patent/BR0211766A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-07 EP EP02761283A patent/EP1521760A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-07 WO PCT/US2002/025121 patent/WO2003013435A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5998173A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-12-07 | The University Of Bristish Columbia | Process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine |
US5905035A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-05-18 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fungus useful for chitin production |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DATABASE CAPLUS [Online] 1976 XP002984293 Retrieved from STN Database accession no. 1976:519336 & JACKSON ET AL.: 'Perennation of sphaerotheca mors-uvae as cleistothcia with particular refernce to microbial activity' TRANSACTIONS OF THE BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY vol. 66, no. 3, pages 463 - 471 * |
DATABASE CAPLUS [Online] 1999 XP002984292 Retrieved from STN Database accession no. 1999:816485 & LI ET AL.: 'Synthesis and properties of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine' vol. 6, no. 3, pages 147 - 149 * |
DOMANSKI: 'Use of a chitinase complex and beta-(1,3)- glucanase for spheroplast production from candida albicans' JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY vol. 96, no. 1, July 1968, pages 270 - 271, XP002984201 * |
See also references of EP1521760A2 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7816514B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2010-10-19 | Cargill, Incorporated | Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass |
EP1908847A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2008-04-09 | Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for fermentative production of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by microorganism |
EP1908847A4 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2011-12-21 | Hokko Chem Ind Co | Method for fermentative production of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by microorganism |
US8383368B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2013-02-26 | Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for fermentative production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by microorganism |
JP2007097466A (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-19 | Kitto Life Co Ltd | Method for producing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by enzymatic hydrolysis |
WO2007123622A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-11-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine compositions and methods of making the same from fungal biomass |
WO2007126727A3 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-12-27 | Cargill Inc | WATER SOLUBLE β-GLUCAN, GLUCOSAMINE, AND N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME |
EP1953236A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | Hygieia Health Co., Ltd | Methods for producing glucosamine from microbial biomass |
CN111647027A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-11 | 江苏海飞生物科技有限公司 | Method for separating and purifying N-acetylglucosamine |
WO2021248696A1 (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-16 | 江苏海飞生物科技有限公司 | Separation and purification method for n-acetylglucosamine |
US11555049B2 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2023-01-17 | Jiangsu Harvers Biotech Co., Ltd. | Method for separation and purification of n-acetylglucosamine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6693188B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 |
BR0211766A (en) | 2005-10-25 |
WO2003013435A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
AU2002326559A1 (en) | 2003-02-24 |
US20030073666A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
EP1521760A2 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
CA2456544A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
EP1521760A4 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
MXPA04001186A (en) | 2004-07-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6693188B2 (en) | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | |
Monaghan et al. | Chitosanase, a novel enzyme | |
Scigelova et al. | Microbial β-N-acetylhexosaminidases and their biotechnological applications | |
US5294546A (en) | Method for production of a growth factor for Bifidobacterium sp. | |
US4062732A (en) | Process of producing acid stable protease | |
WO2005098014A1 (en) | Microbe method for producing valienamine and validamine | |
Waghmare et al. | Chitinase production in solid-state fermentation from Oerskovia xanthineolytica NCIM 2839 and its application in fungal protoplasts formation | |
Shehata et al. | Improved production and partial characterization of chitosanase from a newly isolated Chaetomium globosum KM651986 and its application for chitosan oligosaccharides | |
US8383368B2 (en) | Method for fermentative production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by microorganism | |
US5252468A (en) | Process for producing deacetylase from Vibrio cholerea IFO 15429 | |
USH2218H1 (en) | Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass | |
US3909358A (en) | Insolubilized enzymes | |
US3682778A (en) | Production of microbial cell-lytic enzymes | |
Sinha et al. | Studies on the production of acid protease by submerged fermentation | |
JPH01247080A (en) | Production of polysaccharides by multistage fermentation | |
EP0494950B1 (en) | Fungal cell wall material with flocculant properties, method for its production | |
TWI744700B (en) | Strain for producing exo-chitinase, method for purifying exo-chitinase, obtained exo-chitinase and method for producing N-acetylglucosamine by its strain | |
CN1008188B (en) | Method of preparing novel thermostable transglucosidase | |
Chasanah et al. | Identification and partial characterization of crude extracellular enzymes from bacteria isolated from shrimp waste processing | |
JP4663370B2 (en) | Method of cryopreserving phospholipase D and freeze-resistant phospholipase D composition | |
EP1096007A1 (en) | Chitinase and method for preparing the same | |
JP3079183B2 (en) | Production method of brown algae decomposition product | |
JPH06189779A (en) | Production of trehalose | |
CN116515709A (en) | Bacillus cereus for producing chitosanase as well as fermentation process and application thereof | |
Abdel‐Aziz | Production and some properties of two chitosanases from Bacillus alvei |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TZ UA UG UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ CZ DE DE DK DK DM DZ EC EE EE ES FI FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2456544 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2004/001186 Country of ref document: MX Ref document number: 2002761283 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002761283 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0211766 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11395013 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 11394981 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: JP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 11394981 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 11395013 Country of ref document: US |