WO2011095859A1 - An improved formulation - Google Patents
An improved formulation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011095859A1 WO2011095859A1 PCT/IB2011/000144 IB2011000144W WO2011095859A1 WO 2011095859 A1 WO2011095859 A1 WO 2011095859A1 IB 2011000144 W IB2011000144 W IB 2011000144W WO 2011095859 A1 WO2011095859 A1 WO 2011095859A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formulation
- acid
- wall
- pendimethalin
- forming component
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capsule suspension formulation comprising pendimethalin. More particularly, the present invention relates to a storage stable, improved non-staining capsule suspension formulation comprising pendimethalin.
- Pendimethalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide having chemical formula [n-(l -ethylpropyl)-3,4- dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine). It was first registered for use in the United States in 1974. It is a selective herbicide which controls certain broadleaf weeds and grassy weed species in crop and non-crop areas. It is applied to soil preplant, preemergence, and postemergence with ground and aerial equipment.
- Pendimethalin is an orange yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 54 - 58 °C. It is soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents such as methylene chloride, acetone and xylene. Pendimethalin is stable under acidic and alkaline conditions.
- Pendimethalin is currently available in various different agrochemical formulation types such as emulsifiable concentrate (21.9% to 42.3%), liquid (34.4%), granular (0.7% to 2.0%), soluble concentrate/liquid (22.0%), water dispersible granules, dry flowable (up to 60.0%), capsule suspension and wettable powder (50.0%).
- emulsifiable concentrate 21.9% to 42.3%
- liquid 34.4%)
- granular 0.7% to 2.0%
- soluble concentrate/liquid 22.0%)
- water dispersible granules dry flowable (up to 60.0%)
- capsule suspension and wettable powder 50.0%).
- the different formulations applicable to an agrochemical differ in their effectiveness on the desired weeds, effects the tolerance of the turf and ornamentals to the herbicide, differ in their cost advantages, differ in the drift potential of the herbicide and also differ in the ease of application and compatibility with the application equipment.
- Another challenge to the skilled formulator is the selection of an appropriate surfactant.
- Surfactants are known to increase the rate of absorption of the herbicide in the weedy species but also increase the potential for plant injury to the desirable plants during herbicide drift.
- Yet another challenge before a skilled formulator setting out to obtain a formulation containing pendimethalin is selecting either a granular or a sprayable formulation.
- Pendimethalin has been conventionally available in both granular and sprayable forms, which may differ in the degree of weed control. However, it is often advantageous to obtain a sprayable formulation containing certain herbicides due to inherent advantages of a sprayable formulation.
- the granular formulations exhibit relatively low foliar absorption because most of the applied granules fall through the leaf canopy to the soil below. In contrast, sprayable products achieve good coverage and adhere better to the foliage, providing relatively good weed control. It has also been observed that a granular product comprises a greater relative amount of the inert ingredients comparative to a sprayable formulation. Thus, the amount of the formulated product to deliver the same dosage of the active ingredient is much greater with granules resulting in higher shipping and packaging costs.
- An advantage of the sprayable formulation over granules is more uniform application achieved with the sprayable formulations.
- the granular formulations are usually difficult to apply uniformly, especially those that contain a relatively high concentration of active ingredient. Thus, it is more often advantageous to formulate sprayable formulations of certain agrochemicals.
- the active ingredient herbicides of the dinitroaniline class have a yellowish or yellowish-orange color. It is further known that granular formulations often do not stain badly, whereas a liquid formulation may cause more serious staining. Moreover, granules are easy to sweep or blow from concrete surfaces, whereas overspray need to be washed off before it dries. Thus, it is desirable to provide sprayable formulations containing pendimethalin that substantially reduce the incidence of staining.
- US' 174 teaches an aqueous capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin, which contains about 456 grams of active ingredient per liter.
- the encapsulation of pendimethalin allows for the elimination of organic solvents in the product.
- the elimination of organic solvents reduces odor, staining to a certain extent, volatility and surface residue adhesion as compared to existing emulsifiable concentrate formulations of pendimethalin.
- the microencapsulated pendimethalin formulation is stable under conditions of freezing and thawing and is compatible with liquid and dry fertilizer.
- the existing problem of staining, phytotoxicity and corrosiveness is not adequately addressed by the disclosure of US 5 705 174.
- W 201 the existing problem of staining, phytotoxicity and corrosiveness is not adequately addressed by the disclosure of US 5 705 174.
- this patent essentially teaches a microencapsulated formulation of pendimethalin containing an inorganic salt, which is added prior to microcapsule formation. It is disclosed that the addition of an inorganic salt or mixtures thereof prior to the microcapsule formation provides a visibly cleaner microcapsule as more of the colored active ingredient is encapsulated, which is therefore unable to stain the external surfaces of the microcapsules. These microcapsules are also stated to be less prone to breakage than the microcapsules prepared by the conventional methods. Examples of inorganic salts taught by this patent are sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and/or sodium sulfate.
- these inorganic salts dissociate and/or dissolve in water and increase the hardness of water.
- the increased water hardness further reduces the temperature and suspension stability of microencapsulated pendimethalin.
- the polymeric capsule wall of the disclosed microencapsulated pendimethalin is still susceptible to breakage to an appreciable extent. Thus, the problem of staining continues to plague the existing state of the art.
- an advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that does not demonstrate any phytotoxicity to the desirable plants.
- Another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that is substantially non-staining.
- Yet another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin which shows a reduced tendency to form large crystals.
- Another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that is storage stable.
- Yet another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that is stable under conditions of freezing and thawing.
- Another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that does not suffer from capsule polymeric wall rupture. Yet another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that does not increase the hardness of water.
- Yet another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that does not appreciably corrode the container.
- Another advantage of the present invention is a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin that avoids the need for an inorganic salt or mixtures thereof.
- the present invention provides a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethahn comprising a herbicidally effective amount of microencapsulated pendimethahn, the microcapsules comprising said herbicidally effective amount of pendimethahn being encapsulated within a polymeric wall, said polymeric wall being in-situ formed by an interfacial polymerization reaction occurring between a first phase dispersed in a second phase, at least one of said first and second phases being characterized in comprising a pre-defined amount of at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid.
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a capsule suspension formulation, said process comprising:
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a capsule suspension formulation, said process comprising:
- substantially non-staining herein denotes that such formulations comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid demonstrates surprisingly reduced staining property by a fraction of at least two to about five times in comparison with the conventional formulations comprising an inorganic salt.
- the microencapsulated formulations according to the present invention comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid also reduce or eliminate the phytotoxicity that was observed with conventional formulations comprising an inorganic salt.
- the addition of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid does not increase the hardness of water which was observed with the conventional formulations thereby enhancing the suspension stability of the resultant formulations.
- use of an organic salt of an alkali or alkaline earth metal led to a drastic improvement in the suspension stability of the formulations according to the present invention.
- the present inventors have further found that the presence of an inorganic salt was shown to corrode the container while an organic salt did not corrode the container in which it was placed.
- the formulations according to the present invention were found to be storage stable. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid further prevents the early rupture of the polymeric capsule wall.
- the present invention provides a capsule suspension formulation of pendimethalin comprising a herbicidally effective amount of microencapsulated pendimethalin, said microcapsules comprising said herbicidally effective amount of pendimethalin encapsulated within a polymeric wall, said polymeric wall being in-situ formed by an interfacial polymerization reaction occurring between an organic phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, said aqueous phase being characterized in comprising a pre- defined amount of at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid.
- said aqueous and organic phases are not particularly limiting.
- interfacial polymerization reactions suitable for encapsulated formulations according to the present invention may be prepared by reaction between the wall forming components present in two substantially immiscible liquids, of which said organic and aqueous phases constitute a preferred embodiment. Moreover, the two walls forming components may be either same or different.
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a capsule suspension formulation, said process comprising:
- the capsule polymeric wall of the present invention may be any known shell wall material and is preferably selected from a polyurea, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a polysulfonamide shell wall or a crosslinked or non-crosslinked combinations thereof.
- the capsule polymeric wall is a polyurea wall.
- the capsule polymeric wall of the present invention is formed using interfacial polymerization by contacting said first wall forming component with a second wall forming component as is conventionally known in the art.
- the first wall forming component is preferably selected from a polyisocyanate, a polyacid chloride, a polychloroformate and a polysulfonyl chloride.
- the second wall forming component is preferably selected from a polyamine and polyol.
- a polyisocyanate reacts with a polyamine to form a polyurea capsule wall of the present invention.
- the preferred polyisocyanates as the first wall forming component may be selected from tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate, 2,4,4'-diphenyl ether triisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'- dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1 ,5-naphthylene diisocyanate and 4,4'4"- triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
- a preferred polyisocyanate first wall forming component is polymethylene polyphenylisocyanante.
- the preferred polyamines as the second wall forming components may be selected from ethylenediamine, propylene- 1 ,3-diamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, 1 ,6-hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, 4,9-dioxadodecane-l , 12-diamine, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane or acid addition salt thereof.
- the preferred polyamine according to the present invention is diethylenetriamine.
- the first wall forming component comprises from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the organic phase of the present invention.
- the second wall forming component is preferably present in an amount of about 0.3% to 7.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the formulation.
- the preferred polyurea polymeric shell wall may be formed by a self-condensation reaction of a polyisocyanate wall forming component.
- the process for the preparation of the capsule suspension formulation according to the present invention comprises establishing a physical dispersion of an organic phase in the aqueous phase.
- the organic phase comprises the organic isocyanate intermediate such as hereinabove described along with the pendimethalin active ingredient.
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a capsule suspension formulation, said process comprising:
- the emulsion of said organic phase in said aqueous solution may be preferably heated to a temperature of between 20°C to about 100°C, preferably to about 35 - 85°C to accelerate the self-condensation of the polyisocyanate pre-polymer.
- the relative quantities of the organic and the aqueous phases are not critical for the process of the present invention.
- the organic phase may comprise upto about 75% by volume of the total emulsion and comprises discrete droplets of an organic solution dispersed in the aqueous solution.
- the droplet size in the emulsion was not found critical to the formulation and process of the present invention but may be found between 0.5 microns to about 4000 microns, which may be further adapted using a high shear device to preferably about 1 micron to about 100 microns. It has further been found that the in situ self condensation polymerization reaction is self terminating and is generally allowed to run to completion. The reaction typically runs to completion within the span of a few minutes to a few hours. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction is typically allowed to run for about 2 to 3 hours.
- the preferred polyurea polymeric shell may be formed by a self-condensation reaction of a preferred polyisocyanate using other preferred methods.
- the formation of the polyurea capsule enclosure around the dispersed organic droplets could be brought about by (a) dispersing the organic phase droplets in the continuous aqueous phase to form an emulsion followed by heating the emulsion resulting therefrom; or (b) heating the continuous aqueous phase and dispersing the organic phase droplets in the heated continuous aqueous phase to form the emulsion thereby effecting the desired self-condensation reaction at the interface between the organic droplets and the aqueous phase.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid as used herein is preferably selected from alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a weak organic acid selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, valeric acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and phthalic acid.
- the preferred alkali metal is selected from sodium and potassium. In a more preferred embodiment, the preferred alkali metal is sodium. In another preferred embodiment, the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid is selected from sodium acetate or disodium succinate.
- the aqueous solution comprises at least one surfactant.
- the surfactant may be selected from the group comprising ethoxylated lignosulfonic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, oxidized lignins, lignin salts, salts of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, salts of partial esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, partial salts of polyacrylic acid and partial salts of polyacrylic acid terpolymers.
- the surfactant is lignosulfonate of calcium or sodium.
- the surfactant is present in an amount of about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of the formulation.
- the aqueous solution of the present invention includes an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid or mixtures thereof in an amount of from about 2% to about 55% by weight of the formulation.
- the term " herbicidally effective amount" of pendimethalin is that quantity of pendimethalin which when applied in that amount will provide the required control of weeds. The particular amount is dependent upon many factors including, for example, the crop, weeds sought to be controlled and environmental conditions. The selection of the proper quantity of active agent to be applied, however, is within the expertise of one skilled in the art and is not considered particularly limiting.
- the microencapsulated formulations according to the present invention comprise from about 5% to about 60% of pendimethalin active ingredient.
- the polymeric shell wall according to the present invention constitutes from about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the formulation. In another preferred embodiment, the polymeric shell wall constitutes about 2.5% by total weight of the formulation.
- the microcapsules of the present invention preferably have a particle size of about 2 micrometers to 50 micrometers.
- the capsule suspension formulations of the present invention comprise an anti- foam in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the formulation.
- suitable anti-foams are conventionally known in the art and are not particularly limiting.
- the capsule suspension of the present invention may further include a rheology modifier.
- the preferred rheology modifier includes xanthan gum and clay, which may be present in an amount of about 0.01 % to about 3% by weight of the formulation.
- the capsule suspension formulation according to the present invention may further' be neutralized with a mineral acid to regulate the pH within the desired range.
- a mineral acid to regulate the pH within the desired range.
- the formulations according to the present invention additional comprises from about 0.1 % to about 10% of a neutralizing acid, which may be a mineral or an organic acid.
- a neutralizing acid which may be a mineral or an organic acid.
- the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
- a neutralizing acid Another advantage of the addition of a neutralizing acid is that the added acid combines with the unreacted amines to form an ammonium salt, which substantially reduces the amount of external salt addition required for achieving an appreciable non-staining property.
- the addition of a neutralizing acid is particularly beneficial in reducing the level of inorganic salt of the prior art formulations, which has been reported to aggravate the problem of phytotoxicity in various tested plants.
- a significantly large quantity of amines in excess may be employed to further reduce the external addition of a salt by in situ generation of a larger amount of salt upon reaction with the neutralizing acid.
- the formulations according to the present invention may additionally comprise a biocide in an amount of from about 0.01 % to about 3% by weight of the formulation.
- the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a capsule suspension formulation, said process comprising:
- said step of forming an aqueous solution comprises heating tap water to an elevated temperature, preferably about 60°C and adding said surfactant and said alkali or alkaline earth salt of an organic acid.
- an anti-foam is also added to said aqueous solution.
- said first wall forming component is preferably added to said molten pendimethalin while stirring.
- said step of dispersing said organic phase in said aqueous solution to obtain an emulsion is carried out to a desired particle size.
- the reaction subsequent to the addition of the second wall forming component to the emulsion, the reaction is allowed to continue for a predetermined time, preferably one hour under stirring while the reaction is maintained at an elevated temperature.
- reaction mixture is neutralized with an inorganic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid.
- the neutralization is carried out preferably to attain a formulation pH of from about 6.5 to about 7.5.
- xanthan gum is preferably added under stirring.
- a biocide is added to obtain the target formulation.
- the process of the present invention is carried out at an elevated temperature to maintain the pendimethalin active ingredient in a molten state and to enhance the rate of polymeric wall formation.
- the process of the present invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 35°C to about 85°C, and is more preferably conducted at a temperature of about 50°C to 65°C.
- the release rate of the formulations according to the present invention preferably varied from about 100 ng to about 145 ng, while the free active ingredient was measured from about 0% to about 0.2% by weight of the formulation.
- the invention further relates to a method for controlling weeds at a locus by applying to the locus of the weeds a herbicidally effective amount of a microencapsulated pendimethalin according to the present invention or a capsule suspension formulation obtainable by the process of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a method for controlling undesirable plant species which comprises applying to the foliage of the plants or to the soil or water containing seeds or other propagating organs thereof, a herbicidally effective amount of a microencapsulated pendimethalin of the present invention or a capsule suspension formulation obtainable by the process of the present invention.
- microcapsule formulations prepared according to the present invention or obtainable by the process of the present invention may be used directly as herbicidal compositions or may be diluted with water for use.
- microcapsule compositions prepared by the process of the present invention may be added to the microcapsule compositions prepared by the process of the present invention to form concentrated microcapsule herbicidal compositions without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- additional ingredients such as anti-settling agents, pH-adjusters, anti-freeze agents and the like may be added to the microcapsule compositions prepared by the process of the present invention to form concentrated microcapsule herbicidal compositions without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- aqueous solution was created by heating tap water to 60°C while adding sodium acetate, then sodium lignosulionate, then antifoam while stirring. A sufficient quantity of water was separately preserved for the amine and gum preparations.
- organic phase was formed by melting pendimethalin technical to 60°C and then adding polymethylene polyphenylisocyanante while stirring. The aqueous and organic phases were maintained at 60°C throughout reaction. The organic phase was emulsified in the aqueous solution till the desired particle size. DETA (amine) was added to the resultant emulsion. Reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hour while maintaining heat at 60°C under stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature for 15 minutes before neutralizing with HCI.
- the formulation was neutralized to pH 8.0 in cold conditions or at a pH of 7 in warmer conditions.
- the neutralized formulation was filtered through a 60 mesh sieve.
- a xanthan gum - water slurry was separately prepared and added to the above formulation under strong stirring conditions for at least 15 minutes to have a complete development of the gum.
- a biocide was added.
- the particle size was measured using a Horiba LA-910. The resultant formulation was compared to the properties of conventionally marketed formulation.
- Table 1 below is the composition of the formulation obtained by the process described in the above process.
- Phase Component for 47 g batch For 100 g
- staining tests were conducted on duct tape and repeated to cloth tape to reconfirm the findings.
- the colorimeter measured the staining color left on the substrate by assigning three values L*, a* and b* to the stain which corresponded to the lightness/darkness measurement. redness/greenness measurement and the yellowness/blueness measurement respectively.
- the differences between these measured for each tested sample i.e. that according to the present invention and the conventionally known sample and that of a standard sample were calculated as delta ( ⁇ ) values respectively:
- Aa* a* (sample) - a* (standard), wherein + Aa* meant sample was redder than standard and - Aa* meant the sample was greener than the standard;
- a greater value of ⁇ corresponded to a greater degree of staining.
- the stain samples were prepared on cloth tape (Scotch Glass Cloth Electrical Tape) or duct tape- (Tesa, BDF Beiersdorf White Duct Tape). These tapes were chosen in order to investigate possible differences in staining potential of the formulations on different surfaces.
- the substrates consisted of 2 inch by 2 inch (5 cm by 5 cm) squares cut from transparent paper with a piece of tape on the center. Enough formulation was applied to the tapes to create a 3 ⁇ 4 inch (2 cm) diameter circle. The formulations were left on the tape for 15 minutes and then rinsed off completely with a water squirt bottle. Color/stain testing was then performed within 30 minutes of when samples were rinsed.
- the formulation according to the present invention afforded a substantially non-staining formulation, which was reduced by a fraction of about 5 or at least by a fraction of about 2 comparative to the hitherto known formulation. Specifically, it was surprisingly found that the formulation according to the present invention displayed a staining DE of only 2.44 and 1.49 on cloth tape and duct tape respectively, whereas the closest commercial formulation displayed a staining measurement of 1 1.22 and 2.19 respectively. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid prevents the rupture of the polymeric capsule wall and reduces the staining property of the conventional microencapsulated pendimethalin formulations.
- Figure 1 represents a graphic representation of the data presented in Table 3.
- Table 4 demonstrates the stain value measurements total for cloth tape for a formulation according to the present invention comprising sodium acetate versus a commercially available formulation comprising an inorganic salt, which is further compared to a formulation substantially free of a salt. It was surprisingly found that the formulation comprising sodium acetate (2.780) was only a third as staining as the commercially available formulation (7.453).
- Figure 2 represents a graphic representation of the data presented in Table 4.
- Table 5 demonstrates the stain value measurements for first aid tape for a formulation according to the present invention comprising disodium succinate versus a commercially available formulation comprising an inorganic salt, which is further compared to a formulation substantially free of a salt. It was surprisingly found that the formulation comprising disodium succinate (4.380) was only half as staining as the commercially available formulation (8.895).
- Figure 3 represents a graphic representation of the data presented in Table 5.
- Fig 4 depicts a comparison of three separate sodium acetate formulations having the same formulation vis-a-vis the staining measured for commercial formulation measured on a duct tape. All three batches comprising sodium acetate exhibited ⁇ values of 1 .14, 1.60 and 1.84 which was only about half of the ⁇ exhibited by the commercial formulation, 3.19.
- Fig 5 depicts a comparison of two separate sodium acetate formulations having the same formulation vis-a-vis the staining measured for commercial formulation measured on a first aid tape.
- the two batches comprising sodium acetate exhibited ⁇ values of 4.06 and 5.41 which was only about half of the ⁇ exhibited by the commercial formulation, 9.01.
- Fig 6 depicts a comparison of sodium acetate formulation vis-a-vis the staining measured for commercial formulation measured on a paper tape.
- the batch comprising sodium acetate exhibited ⁇ values of 2.57 which was only about half of the ⁇ exhibited by the commercial formulation, 4.84.
- Fig 7 depicts a comparison of four separate sodium acetate formulations having the same formulation vis-a-vis the staining measured for commercial formulation measured on a cloth tape.
- the batches comprising sodium acetate exhibited ⁇ values of 2.21 , 2.67, 2.93 and 6.05 which was only about one-third to about half of the ⁇ exhibited by the commercial formulation, 1 1.22.
- the pendimethalin capsule suspension formulations were prepared comprising about 15% of an organic salt of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, which was compared with the commercial formulation containing 15% sodium chloride.
- a stainless steel (dimensions: 6 inches by 1.5 inches) strip was placed in the solutions comprising 15% of sodium chloride and compared with formulations containing 15% of sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium succinate, sodium citrate and sodium sulfite respectively. The strips were observed after 24 days storage at room temperature.
- the formulation according to example 3 above was tested against annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Tests were run to investigate the phytotoxicity of the formulations of example 3 of the present invention vis-a-vis the commercially available formulation.
- the dose of application of the tested formulation was 1 -4 quarts/acre prior to weed emergence by diluting it with 10 gallons of water.
- the formulations were applied using drop nozzles.
- the comparative samples were diluted at different doses namely IX, 2X and 4X along with the control on soybean at three leaf stage. All the doses were sprayed homogenously on plots. Each treatment was observed six times at day 0, 1 , 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. All experiments were replicated thrice to ensure statistical accuracy. It was found that the formulation according to the present invention was substantially non-phytotoxic in comparison to the commercially available formulation. A phytotoxicity evaluation of formulation without any salt, formulation of Example 3 above vis-a-vis the commercial formulation including an inorganic salt was carried out at 7 days after spraying. The qualitative as well as quantitative parameters were critically observed at appropriate times.
- Example 3 It was found that the samples without a salt and that according to example 3 showed similar non-phytotoxic effect on the soyabean plant. These samples were not phyto-toxic at recommended and double recommended doses, whereas at four times recommended dose (4X), the formulation of Example 3 showed only slight phytotoxicity to plant (curling of the leaf edge along with standing of growth). In contrast, the commercially available formulation led to a noticeably higher degree of phytotoxicity than the remaining samples. Further, the plots sprayed with the commercial formulation exhibited less number of plants as compared to corresponding other plots.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK11739456.9T DK2531023T3 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | improved formulation |
US13/576,181 US9288979B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Microencapsulated pendimethalin comprising alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acid |
CN201180008250.4A CN102770023B (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | An improved formulation |
BR112012019430-5A BR112012019430B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | PENDIMENTALINE CAPSULE SUSPENSION FORMULATION, PROCESS FOR PREPARING CAPSULE SUSPENSION FORMULATION AND DESIRED VEGETABLE CONTROL METHOD |
UAA201210303A UA108372C2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | COMPOSITION OF PENDIMETHALINE Capsular SUSPENSION, METHOD OF ITS PREPARATION AND METHOD OF FIGHTING UNWANTED PLANTS |
RU2012137132/13A RU2529729C2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Improved composition of pendimethalin capsule suspension, method of obtaining said composition (versions) and method of controlling undesirable species of plants |
EP11739456.9A EP2531023B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | An improved formulation |
AU2011212201A AU2011212201B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | An improved formulation |
ES11739456.9T ES2573430T3 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | An improved formulation |
US15/057,745 US10342230B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2016-03-01 | ZC composition comprising microencapsulated pendimethalin |
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IN284MU2010 | 2010-02-03 | ||
IN284/MUM/2010 | 2010-02-03 |
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US13/576,181 A-371-Of-International US9288979B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Microencapsulated pendimethalin comprising alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acid |
US15/057,745 Continuation-In-Part US10342230B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2016-03-01 | ZC composition comprising microencapsulated pendimethalin |
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WO2011095859A1 true WO2011095859A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
WO2011095859A4 WO2011095859A4 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
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US (1) | US9288979B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2531023B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102770023B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011212201B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012019430B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2531023T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2573430T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE028432T2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2529729C2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA108372C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011095859A1 (en) |
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WO2013021229A1 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-14 | United Phosphorus Limited | An improved herbicidal formulation |
WO2014078642A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Basf Se | An encapsulated fertilizer particle containing pesticide |
WO2016202659A1 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-22 | Basf Se | Pendimethanlin microcapsules with a shell made of tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and a pol-yamine with at least three amine groups |
EP3405031A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2018-11-28 | UPL Limited | An improved herbicidal formulation |
US10765112B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | Basf Se | Pesticidal microcapsules with a shell made of tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, and aliphatic diamine |
CN114747583A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-15 | 北京傲锐科技有限公司 | Plant growth inhibitor composition and application thereof |
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CN105409997A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽美兰农业发展股份有限公司 | Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and pendimethalin compounded wettable powder and preparation method thereof |
CN105875607B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-07-03 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of Pendimethalin microcapsule suspending agent and preparation method thereof |
CN107027774B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-09-18 | 南京高正农用化工有限公司 | A kind of ternary weeding composition containing Pendimethalin |
CN107950525A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of fertilizer microcapsules and preparation method and application |
WO2020051244A1 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Microencapsulation of chemicals and bioactives by in situ complex coacervation during spray drying |
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- 2011-01-31 AU AU2011212201A patent/AU2011212201B2/en active Active
- 2011-01-31 RU RU2012137132/13A patent/RU2529729C2/en active
- 2011-01-31 US US13/576,181 patent/US9288979B2/en active Active
- 2011-01-31 ES ES11739456.9T patent/ES2573430T3/en active Active
- 2011-01-31 BR BR112012019430-5A patent/BR112012019430B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-01-31 DK DK11739456.9T patent/DK2531023T3/en active
- 2011-01-31 UA UAA201210303A patent/UA108372C2/en unknown
- 2011-01-31 WO PCT/IB2011/000144 patent/WO2011095859A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-31 HU HUE11739456A patent/HUE028432T2/en unknown
- 2011-01-31 CN CN201180008250.4A patent/CN102770023B/en active Active
- 2011-01-31 EP EP11739456.9A patent/EP2531023B1/en active Active
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CN103929958B (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2016-08-03 | Upl有限公司 | The herbicidal formulations of improvement |
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WO2013021229A1 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-14 | United Phosphorus Limited | An improved herbicidal formulation |
US9554577B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2017-01-31 | Upl Limited | Herbicidal formulation |
US9944568B2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2018-04-17 | Basf Se | Encapsulated fertilizer particle containing pesticide |
WO2014078642A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Basf Se | An encapsulated fertilizer particle containing pesticide |
JP2016505479A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2016-02-25 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | Encapsulated particles |
WO2016202659A1 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-22 | Basf Se | Pendimethanlin microcapsules with a shell made of tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and a pol-yamine with at least three amine groups |
US10765112B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | Basf Se | Pesticidal microcapsules with a shell made of tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, and aliphatic diamine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2531023A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
CN102770023A (en) | 2012-11-07 |
AU2011212201A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
RU2529729C2 (en) | 2014-09-27 |
BR112012019430B1 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
DK2531023T3 (en) | 2016-06-27 |
ES2573430T3 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
EP2531023B1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
BR112012019430A2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
UA108372C2 (en) | 2015-04-27 |
RU2012137132A (en) | 2014-03-10 |
US20120309627A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
US9288979B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
CN102770023B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2531023A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2011095859A4 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
HUE028432T2 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
AU2011212201B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
BR112012019430A8 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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