WO2013028143A1 - A system that passively finds and tracks electromagnetic transmitters in closed places - Google Patents

A system that passively finds and tracks electromagnetic transmitters in closed places Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013028143A1
WO2013028143A1 PCT/TR2012/000133 TR2012000133W WO2013028143A1 WO 2013028143 A1 WO2013028143 A1 WO 2013028143A1 TR 2012000133 W TR2012000133 W TR 2012000133W WO 2013028143 A1 WO2013028143 A1 WO 2013028143A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
sensors
time frame
signal
control unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2012/000133
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sinan ALEMDAR
Haydar GULPINAR
Yigit URKMEZTURK
Original Assignee
Alemdar Sinan
Gulpinar Haydar
Urkmezturk Yigit
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alemdar Sinan, Gulpinar Haydar, Urkmezturk Yigit filed Critical Alemdar Sinan
Publication of WO2013028143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013028143A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/04—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/535—Tracking the activity of the user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/021—Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences

Definitions

  • This invention is about tracking mobile communication devices in a specified area as well as methods used for tracking these devices. It makes geolocating in urban areas and interior spaces easier.
  • the purpose of the system is to track movements of people in closed spaces through signals emitted by mobile devices carried.
  • the system is used for analyzing and logging human movements in public places.
  • Infrared sensors are being used as the most basic human counting technology.
  • the method described in patent number WO 2009/006306 contains a receiver and a transmitter placed inside doors of buildings at waist height. Counting occurs when infrared light between receiver and transmitter is blocked by a person passing through. As these do not give the number of entering and exiting people, to calculate the number of visitors, total count is divided by two in order to get the number of visitors. These cannot discern two people entering at the same time and counts as one person because counting process is done in horizontal axis. Disadvantages of this system contain decreasing accuracy in crowded places, the possibility of hindrance by persons standing at the entrances and being unusable at wide entrances and hallways.
  • Image processing based systems do the counting by a program that analyzes images acquired from a camera.
  • the computer evaluates images coming from a camera located on top of the building entrances and pointed downwards and two-way counting is achieved thusly. Success rates of this type of systems are proportional to the efficiency of the algorithm.
  • Systems utilizing this technology use standard closed circuit cameras or IP cameras as image sensor.
  • the logic behind the system is to track and count every person in the field of view of the camera after subtracting every person from background. Owing to the fact that it does image-based analysis, variable light conditions and shadows may fool the system and hinder performance greatly.
  • Thermal imaging systems use heat sensitive image sensors. They count the number of people without requiring a computer by utilizing image processing technology. Thermal sensors are placed on top of the point where counting will be done, pointing downwards; and by this way counting is done.
  • these systems are totally blinded when air temperature is close to the human body temperature, therefore they cannot count. People huddling or moving closely may be counted as one person. For these reasons it is not the preferred method.
  • These systems cannot track movements of people in the area they are located. For this reason, they provide more limited information regarding movements of people.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identity
  • the first advantage of the invention is eliminating the requirement of people carrying extra equipment other than a cellphone, as well as the requirement of installing an application on mobile phones. In addition, it does not use any personal data in the tracking process. The system does all these processes passively. This discerns it from active radar systems. It does not use a frequency band by broadcasting.
  • GSM service providers desire to locate and track a mobile phone, they use 3 base stations and the location is found by an error rate of couple hundred meters.
  • the invention rather, locates the mobile device that is desired to be located with an error rate of couple meters.
  • it can track not only GSM devices, but also Bluetooth or WLAN using devices.
  • Figure 1 Main view of the system.
  • Figure 2 Main view of tracking of signal sources.
  • FIG. 3 Main view of Location Determination Algorithm. As seen (shown) in Figure 1 there are one or more than one mobile devices 1 in a closed space 7. This mobile device 1 is in communication with the closest base station 5 of its own GSM service provider. There exists a variety of sensors 2a-2f placed to monitor this communication. These sensors send gathered information to the main control unit 4 through a data bus 3a-3b. Main control unit evaluates and stores received data, and when a suitable time comes it sends these data over Internet to the main computer, which controls all systems and is capable of archiving.
  • Sensors 2a-2f shown in Figure 1 are placed at a specified distance to each other as to monitor all wireless network activity happening in a closed area 7, which contains a wireless modem 9. These sensors are capable of receiving a variety of wireless communication protocols such as GSM, 3G, Bluetooth, and WLAN. These sensors are purposed for measuring the arrival time, strength and packet contents of the signals captured. Sensors 2a-2f, which is shown in Figure-1, check frequency bands of GSM, 3G, Bluetooth and WLAN automatically. Number of checks per second depends on the number of mobile devices in the closed area 7 and also adjusted by system or user. Main control unit 4 completes locating process by utilizing data received from sensors 2a- 2f and using these in the position finding algorithm inside this unit. This is done a number of times, which is predetermined by user or system, in 1 second, and then resulting information is organized as shown in Figure 2.
  • wireless communication protocols such as GSM, 3G, Bluetooth, and WLAN.
  • Position points 8 shown in Figure 1 are introduced in the process of installation of the system at a closed area. An attendant waits on every point with a mobile phone, while sensors 2a-2f detect required signal properties; after this calibration process, system becomes functional.
  • Sensors 2a-2f in Figure 1 send the time of arrival and strength of the incoming signal to the main control unit via data buses 3a-3b.
  • main control unit compares time of arrival and received signal strength information of the signal emitted from the source (numbered 1) and received by sensors 2a-2f that are situated inside the area (numbered 7) with the time of arrival and power information of the position points (numbered 8) that were measured in the calibration process. If properties of the received signal correspond to the database, location is recorded as the most probable position point. In the case of signal properties not corresponding to the database, location detection is done by using triangulation and circle methods, and power and time information of the signals that are collected by sensors 2a-2f are used during this process. After that location information is saved. In order to track signal sources continuously in time, the system repeats location determining process at a specific rate, such as hundred times in a second.
  • the duration between the start and end of reading information is a time frame.
  • the system places different signals and locations of the sources of these signals to the "time frame table" (numbered 10) shown in Figure 2 and then sorts them.
  • An item in time frame table consists of location of the signal source and the packet contents of the signal. Number of elements in a time frame table is the number of different signal sources detected in that time interval.
  • the system opens time frames with specific periods and monitors wireless communication channels such as GSM, 3G, Bluetooth and WLAN.
  • time frame waits for a signal in these time frames; when a signal is detected, it records the information necessary for locating the source, it finds the location of the signal source and location and signal information is placed in the respectable time frame slot of the time frame table.
  • a time frame is not closed before the packet contents are fully received. The time interval can be increased if needed.
  • time frame is closed, the corresponding entry in the time frame table is also completed.
  • the two distinct tables 10 and 11 represented in Figure 2 are time frame tables created at different moments. To track a signal source, packets in two distinct time frame tables are compared, and the packets with highest correlation is matched with each other. The correlation of packets is due to IMEI, TMSI or MAC address information—which is source dependent but does not violate carrier privacy— stored in packets. Matching two packets means signal sources of these two packets are regarded as the same device.
  • the main computer (numbered 6) is able to view all processes recorded by main control unit (numbered 4). This way, all location tracking activity can be followed and stored at a remote system center.
  • Stored information contains only signal and location information labeled by the system; it does not contain any personal information (messages, calls, etc.). List of parts the system contains:

Abstract

This invention is about tracking mobile communication devices in a specified area as well as methods used for tracking these devices. It makes geolocating in urban areas and interior spaces easier. The purpose of the system is to track movements of people in closed spaces through signals emitted by mobile devices carried. The system is used for analyzing and logging human movements in public places.

Description

DESCRIPTION
A SYSTEM THAT PASSIVELY FINDS AND TRACKS ELECTROMAGNETIC
TRANSMITTERS IN CLOSED PLACES
This invention is about tracking mobile communication devices in a specified area as well as methods used for tracking these devices. It makes geolocating in urban areas and interior spaces easier. The purpose of the system is to track movements of people in closed spaces through signals emitted by mobile devices carried. The system is used for analyzing and logging human movements in public places.
A variety of systems are being used for tracking people today. These systems utilize different technologies to count the number of people and track their movements.
Infrared sensors are being used as the most basic human counting technology. The method described in patent number WO 2009/006306 contains a receiver and a transmitter placed inside doors of buildings at waist height. Counting occurs when infrared light between receiver and transmitter is blocked by a person passing through. As these do not give the number of entering and exiting people, to calculate the number of visitors, total count is divided by two in order to get the number of visitors. These cannot discern two people entering at the same time and counts as one person because counting process is done in horizontal axis. Disadvantages of this system contain decreasing accuracy in crowded places, the possibility of hindrance by persons standing at the entrances and being unusable at wide entrances and hallways. Image processing based systems do the counting by a program that analyzes images acquired from a camera. The computer evaluates images coming from a camera located on top of the building entrances and pointed downwards and two-way counting is achieved thusly. Success rates of this type of systems are proportional to the efficiency of the algorithm. Systems utilizing this technology use standard closed circuit cameras or IP cameras as image sensor. The logic behind the system is to track and count every person in the field of view of the camera after subtracting every person from background. Owing to the fact that it does image-based analysis, variable light conditions and shadows may fool the system and hinder performance greatly.
Thermal imaging systems use heat sensitive image sensors. They count the number of people without requiring a computer by utilizing image processing technology. Thermal sensors are placed on top of the point where counting will be done, pointing downwards; and by this way counting is done. However, these systems are totally blinded when air temperature is close to the human body temperature, therefore they cannot count. People huddling or moving closely may be counted as one person. For these reasons it is not the preferred method. These systems cannot track movements of people in the area they are located. For this reason, they provide more limited information regarding movements of people. There are different systems for tracking people, RFID (Radio Frequency Identity) being the leading system. These systems unfortunately requires user to carry an extra hardware, and thus they are not preferred.
The first advantage of the invention is eliminating the requirement of people carrying extra equipment other than a cellphone, as well as the requirement of installing an application on mobile phones. In addition, it does not use any personal data in the tracking process. The system does all these processes passively. This discerns it from active radar systems. It does not use a frequency band by broadcasting.
When GSM service providers desire to locate and track a mobile phone, they use 3 base stations and the location is found by an error rate of couple hundred meters. The invention, rather, locates the mobile device that is desired to be located with an error rate of couple meters. In addition, it can track not only GSM devices, but also Bluetooth or WLAN using devices.
Brief descriptions of figures:
Figure 1: Main view of the system.
Figure 2: Main view of tracking of signal sources.
Figure 3: Main view of Location Determination Algorithm. As seen (shown) in Figure 1 there are one or more than one mobile devices 1 in a closed space 7. This mobile device 1 is in communication with the closest base station 5 of its own GSM service provider. There exists a variety of sensors 2a-2f placed to monitor this communication. These sensors send gathered information to the main control unit 4 through a data bus 3a-3b. Main control unit evaluates and stores received data, and when a suitable time comes it sends these data over Internet to the main computer, which controls all systems and is capable of archiving.
Sensors 2a-2f shown in Figure 1 are placed at a specified distance to each other as to monitor all wireless network activity happening in a closed area 7, which contains a wireless modem 9. These sensors are capable of receiving a variety of wireless communication protocols such as GSM, 3G, Bluetooth, and WLAN. These sensors are purposed for measuring the arrival time, strength and packet contents of the signals captured. Sensors 2a-2f, which is shown in Figure-1, check frequency bands of GSM, 3G, Bluetooth and WLAN automatically. Number of checks per second depends on the number of mobile devices in the closed area 7 and also adjusted by system or user. Main control unit 4 completes locating process by utilizing data received from sensors 2a- 2f and using these in the position finding algorithm inside this unit. This is done a number of times, which is predetermined by user or system, in 1 second, and then resulting information is organized as shown in Figure 2.
Position points 8 shown in Figure 1 are introduced in the process of installation of the system at a closed area. An attendant waits on every point with a mobile phone, while sensors 2a-2f detect required signal properties; after this calibration process, system becomes functional.
There are predetermined position points 8 as seen in Figure 1. These points are designated in approximately 1 meter intervals. With the data received by sensors 2a-2f, signal source is located by main control unit 4, and main computer decides which position point the signal source corresponds to.
Sensors 2a-2f in Figure 1 send the time of arrival and strength of the incoming signal to the main control unit via data buses 3a-3b.
As it can be seen from Figure 3, main control unit (numbered 4) compares time of arrival and received signal strength information of the signal emitted from the source (numbered 1) and received by sensors 2a-2f that are situated inside the area (numbered 7) with the time of arrival and power information of the position points (numbered 8) that were measured in the calibration process. If properties of the received signal correspond to the database, location is recorded as the most probable position point. In the case of signal properties not corresponding to the database, location detection is done by using triangulation and circle methods, and power and time information of the signals that are collected by sensors 2a-2f are used during this process. After that location information is saved. In order to track signal sources continuously in time, the system repeats location determining process at a specific rate, such as hundred times in a second. At any time, the duration between the start and end of reading information is a time frame. During any time frame, the system places different signals and locations of the sources of these signals to the "time frame table" (numbered 10) shown in Figure 2 and then sorts them. An item in time frame table consists of location of the signal source and the packet contents of the signal. Number of elements in a time frame table is the number of different signal sources detected in that time interval. After startup, the system opens time frames with specific periods and monitors wireless communication channels such as GSM, 3G, Bluetooth and WLAN. Afterwards, it waits for a signal in these time frames; when a signal is detected, it records the information necessary for locating the source, it finds the location of the signal source and location and signal information is placed in the respectable time frame slot of the time frame table. A time frame is not closed before the packet contents are fully received. The time interval can be increased if needed. When time frame is closed, the corresponding entry in the time frame table is also completed.
The two distinct tables 10 and 11 represented in Figure 2 are time frame tables created at different moments. To track a signal source, packets in two distinct time frame tables are compared, and the packets with highest correlation is matched with each other. The correlation of packets is due to IMEI, TMSI or MAC address information— which is source dependent but does not violate carrier privacy— stored in packets. Matching two packets means signal sources of these two packets are regarded as the same device.
The main computer (numbered 6) is able to view all processes recorded by main control unit (numbered 4). This way, all location tracking activity can be followed and stored at a remote system center. Stored information contains only signal and location information labeled by the system; it does not contain any personal information (messages, calls, etc.). List of parts the system contains:
1. Mobile communication device 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f. Receiver sensors 3a, 3b. Data bus
4. Main control unit
5. Base station
6. Main computer
7. Closed area
8. Position points (Waypoints)
9. Wireless modem
10. 1 1. Time frame table

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A system that, in a closed area (7), passively (without emitting anything electromagnetic) acquires electromagnetic signals emitted by mobile communication devices (1) by receiver systems that are located in the area and are more than one in quantity and type, and therefore provides location determination and tracking of carriers of these mobile devices by transferring signals to the main control unit and using those in a special software that can locate and track, and also containing following properties; a. Mobile communication device, which emits electromagnetic communication signals (1) ,
b. Sensors that are capable of receiving electromagnetic communication signals and measure particular properties of these signals (2a-2f) ,
c. Data bus (3a-3b), whose purpose is to carry the signals received by sensors (2a-2f) to the main control unit (4) ,
d. Main control unit (4), to which signals received by sensors (2a-2f) are transferred through data buses (3a-3b), and in which location determination is done using location finding algorithms,
e. Base station (5), with which mobile device (1) in the coverage area is in connection,
f. Wireless modem (9), which serve internet connection to the mobile devices and that is in connection with the mobile devices,
g. Position points (8), which are introduced to the system and calibrated beforehand, and used for locating signal sources
h. Main computer (6), which controls all systems, and is capable of data storage.
2. The system described in Claim 1 with the property of, by receiver sensors (2a-2f) in a closed area (7), receiving unencrypted signals that does not contain any personal information from mobile communication device (numbered 1) to the base station, WLAN device or any Bluetooth receiver and sending those to the main control unit.
The system described in Claim 1 with the property of sending, along with its content, received signal strength and time of arrival of a signal, which is received by sensors in any time frame to locate the signal source, to the main computer; and, by the main computer, comparing these data with the position points (8) that were introduced to the system earlier, and thus, determining the most probable position point as the position of the signal source.
The system described in Claim 1 with the property of detecting incoming signals at a specific time frame, reading packets contained inside and locating all detected signal sources at that time frame.
The system described in Claim 1 with the property of comparing signal packets from the device, which is detected and located in a specific time frame after the first time frame that detection occurs, with the signal packets from devices, which were located in the previous time frame; and then matching it with the packet, which has the highest correlation.
PCT/TR2012/000133 2011-08-22 2012-08-22 A system that passively finds and tracks electromagnetic transmitters in closed places WO2013028143A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR201108404 2011-08-22
TR2011/08404 2011-08-22

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WO2013028143A1 true WO2013028143A1 (en) 2013-02-28

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WO2017055730A1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-06 Intersec Communication device and method, and computer program product for associating a mobile telephony identifier and a computer network identifier
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