WO2013122540A1 - Ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et ensemble pile à combustible employant celui-ci - Google Patents

Ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et ensemble pile à combustible employant celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013122540A1
WO2013122540A1 PCT/SG2012/000048 SG2012000048W WO2013122540A1 WO 2013122540 A1 WO2013122540 A1 WO 2013122540A1 SG 2012000048 W SG2012000048 W SG 2012000048W WO 2013122540 A1 WO2013122540 A1 WO 2013122540A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
end plate
proton exchange
exchange membrane
pump
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2012/000048
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ming Han
Ee Ho Gareth TANG
Yunzhong Chen
Original Assignee
Temasek Polytechnic
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Temasek Polytechnic filed Critical Temasek Polytechnic
Priority to PCT/SG2012/000048 priority Critical patent/WO2013122540A1/fr
Priority to SG11201404839YA priority patent/SG11201404839YA/en
Publication of WO2013122540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013122540A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fuel cell technology and more particularly to an end plate assembly for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and a fuel cell assembly employing the same.
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • the water content of the membrane greatly influences the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the proton conductivity of a membrane increases with increases in its water content. It is therefore desirable to maintain a sufficiently high level of hydration in the membrane during fuel cell operation.
  • the present invention provides an end plate assembly for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the end plate assembly includes a planar member having an inlet port and an outlet port, and a pump.
  • the pump includes a suction inlet connected to the outlet port of the planar member, a first discharge outlet in fluid communication with the inlet port of the planar member and a second discharge outlet.
  • the pump is arranged to suck exhaust from a cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell via the outlet port of the planar member to create a negative pressure environment in the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and to re-circulate a portion of the exhaust via the inlet port of the planar member to hydrate a membrane of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the present invention provides a fuel cell assembly.
  • the fuel cell assembly includes a first end plate having an inlet port and an outlet port, a second end plate, a fuel cell stack coupled between the first and second end plates, and a pump.
  • the pump includes a suction inlet connected to the outlet port of the first end plate, a first discharge outlet in fluid communication with the inlet port of the first end plate and a second discharge outlet.
  • the pump is arranged to suck exhaust from cathode sides of the fuel cell stack via the outlet port of the first end plate to create a negative pressure environment in the cathode sides of the fuel cell stack and to re-circulate a portion of the exhaust via the inlet port of the first end plate to hydrate membranes of the fuel cell stack.
  • FIG. 1 is a bottom perspective view of a planar member of an end plate assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the planar member of FIG. ;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a pump of an end plate assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fuel cell assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a stack voltage of a fuel cell assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention over a range of operation currents compared to that of a fuel cell assembly employing a conventional end plate; and
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a power output of a fuel cell assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention over time compared to that of a fuel cell assembly employing a conventional end plate.
  • FIG. 1 a bottom perspective view of a planar member 10 of an end plate assembly for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is shown.
  • the planar member or end platel O includes a first inlet port 12 for receiving a supply of a reactant gas, a first outlet port 14 for exhausting the reactant gas.
  • the planar member 10 also includes a second inlet port 16 for receiving a supply of fuel, a second outlet port 18 for exhausting the fuel, a third inlet port 20 for receiving a flow of cooling water and a third outlet port 22 for discharging the cooling water.
  • a channel 24 is formed in the planar member 10.
  • the channel 24 in the present embodiment fluidly connects a first discharge outlet of a pump (not shown) to the first inlet port 12 of the planar member 10.
  • the planar member or end plate 10 may be made of metal, reinforced epoxy or other composite material and may be fabricated by machining, casting or moulding.
  • the ports 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 and the channel 24 may be formed in the planar member 10 by drilling, casting or moulding.
  • FIG. 2 a top plan view of the planar member 10 of FIG. 1 is shown.
  • the reactant gas supply inlet 12, the reactant gas exhaust outlet 14, the fuel supply inlet 16, the fuel exhaust outlet 18, the cooling water inlet 20 and the cooling water outlet 22 extend through the end plate 10.
  • An inlet 26 of the channel 24 is visible on the top surface of the end plate 10, but not the channel 24 as the channel 24 is formed on an underside of the end plate 10 in the present embodiment.
  • the inlet 26 is fluidly connected to the reactant gas supply inlet 12 via the conduct channel 24 in the present embodiment.
  • end plate 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as having three through holes at each end, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is not limited by the number of through holes or the location of the through holes. Fewer or more through holes in alternative layouts may be provided in alternative embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 a perspective view of a pump 28 of an end plate assembly for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is shown.
  • the pump 28 includes a suction inlet 30, a first discharge outlet 32 and a second discharge outlet 34.
  • the suction inlet 30 is to be connected to the first outlet port or reactant gas exhaust outlet 14 of the planar member or end plate 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 to suck exhaust reactant gas stream from a fuel cell stack.
  • the first discharge outlet 32 is to be connected to the inlet 26 of the channel 24 shown in FIG. 2 such that the first discharge outlet 32 is in fluid communication with the first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the planar member or end plate 10 via the channel 24.
  • the second discharge outlet 34 of the pump 28 is open to an ambient environment.
  • a valve regulator 36 is provided at a bifurcation between the first discharge outlet 32 and the second discharge outlet 34 of the pump 28.
  • the pump 28 is arranged to suck exhaust from a cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell via the first outlet port or reactant gas exhaust outlet 14 of the planar member or end plate 10 to create a negative pressure environment in the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and to recirculate a portion of the exhaust via the first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the planar member or end plate 10 to hydrate a membrane of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the pump 28 is arranged to suck the exhaust from the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to create a negative pressure environment of between about 0.1 metre of water column (m WC) and about 3 m WC, and more preferably, about 0.5 m WC, in the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the pump 28 is a blower having a bifurcated outlet to partially re-circulate the exhaust reactant gas stream by allocating a fraction of the exhaust reactant gas stream into a mixing chamber via the conduct channel 24.
  • valve regulator 36 is arranged to direct between about 10 percent (%) and about 60 % of the exhaust to the first discharge outlet 32 for recirculation.
  • the fuel cell assembly 38 includes a fuel cell stack 40 coupled between a first end plate 10 and a second end plate 42.
  • the first end plate 10 includes a first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12, a first outlet port or reactant gas exhaust outlet 14, a second inlet port or fuel supply inlet 16, a second outlet port or fuel exhaust outlet 18, a third inlet port or cooling water inlet 20 and a third outlet port or cooling water outlet 22.
  • the first end plate 10 is located at the top of the fuel cell stack 40.
  • the pump 28 includes a suction inlet 30, a first discharge outlet 32 and a second discharge outlet 34.
  • the suction inlet 30 is connected to the first outlet port or reactant gas exhaust outlet 14 of the first end plate 10 to suck exhaust reactant gas from the fuel cell stack 40.
  • the first discharge outlet 32 is connected to a recirculation inlet 26 at an opening of a channel (channel 24 shown in FIG. 1 ) such that the first discharge outlet 32 is in fluid communication with the first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the first end plate 10 via the channel 24.
  • the channel 24 fluidly connects the first discharge outlet 32 of the pump 28 to the first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the first end plate 10.
  • the second discharge outlet 34 of the pump 28 is open to an ambient environment.
  • the channel 24 in the present embodiment is integrally formed inside the first end plate 10.
  • this makes the fuel cell system more compact and elegant and improves the reliability and energy density of the fuel cell system.
  • the conduct channel 24 is illustrated and described in the present embodiment as being an internal channel integrated inside the first end plate 10, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is not limited by the layout or arrangement of the conduct channel.
  • the conduct channel may be an external channel attached outside the first end plate 10.
  • the fuel cell stack 40 includes a series of similar fuel cells. As fuel cell stacks are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, a detailed description of the fuel stack 40 is not required for a complete understanding of the present invention. Fuel supplied into the fuel cell stack 40 through the fuel supply inlet 16 enters an anode side of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 40 where the fuel is split into protons and electrons by catalysts.
  • the fuel supply stream may be a pure hydrogen stream or a mixed hydrogen stream.
  • a reactant gas stream is introduced through the reactant gas supply inlet 12 into a cathode side of each fuel cell where the reactant gas combines with the protons passing though solid proton exchange membranes of the fuel cells and the electrons received via an outer circuit (not shown) to form water and generate heat.
  • the reactant gas supply stream may be an oxidant supply stream and in such an embodiment, the reactant gas exhaust stream is an oxidant exhaust stream.
  • Water distribution in the fuel cell stack 40 is managed through an end plate assembly including the first end plate 10 and the pump 28.
  • the pump 28 is connected to the exhaust port 14 to suck out the exhaust reactant gas. More particularly, the pump 28 is arranged to suck exhaust from cathode sides of the fuel cell stack 40 via the first outlet port or reactant gas exhaust outlet 14 of the first end plate 10 to create a negative pressure environment in the cathode sides of the fuel cell stack.
  • the pump 28 is arranged to suck the exhaust from the cathode sides of the fuel cell stack 40 to create a negative pressure environment of between about 0.1 metre of water column (m WC) and about 3 m WC, and more preferably about 0.5 m WC, in the cathode sides of the fuel cell stack 40. Therefore, the cathode sides of all the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack 40 are at negative pressure, instead of positive pressure. Evaporation of water is promoted in a negative pressure environment and this induces three benefits. Firstly, more water is exhausted in vapour form and this helps prevent the undesirable flooding phenomenon. Secondly, more heat is carried out and thus removed from the fuel cell stack 40 with higher vaporisation levels and this reduces the complexity of the stack cooling requirements. Lastly, corrosion at the exhaust port area due to liquid water accumulation is reduced or eliminated.
  • the pump 28 is also arranged to recirculate a portion of the exhaust via the first inlet port or reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the first end plate 10 to hydrate the membranes of the fuel cell stack 40.
  • the vapour-rich exhaust gas stream that is sucked into the pump 28 is allocated through the bifurcated outlet.
  • a portion of the vapour-rich exhaust gas stream is recirculated into the fuel cell stack 40 through the first discharge outlet 32 which is fluidly connected to the reactant gas supply inlet 12 of the first end plate 10 via the recirculation inlet 26 and the conduct channel 24, and the other portion is exhausted into the ambient environment via the second discharge outlet 34.
  • the fraction of exhaust stream to be recirculated may be allocated by a valve regulator (valve regulator 36 in FIG. 3) provided at a bifurcation between the first discharge outlet 32 and the second discharge outlet 34.
  • the reactant gas supply inlet 12 is connected to a mixing chamber (not shown) beneath the reactant gas supply inlet 12.
  • the mixing chamber is a cylindrical channel formed at an end of the bipolar plate of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 40.
  • Mixing of a fraction of the exhaust reactant gas stream with the fresh intake reactant gas supply stream takes place in the reactant gas-mixing chamber.
  • the fresh reactant gas is humidified and heated when mixed with the vapour-rich recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the humidified and heated reactant gas is then distributed to the cathode side of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 40.
  • the moisture in the humidified reactant gas diffuses through the solid polymer membranes of the fuel cells to the anode sides. The humidity of the solid polymer membranes is thus kept in a favourable condition both at the cathode side and at the anode side.
  • the performance of the end plate assembly of the present invention was investigated by experiments performed using fuel cell stacks incorporating the end plate assembly of the present invention and comparing the results obtained from these with that obtained from identical fuel cell stacks employing conventional end plates.
  • a fuel cell stack was assembled.
  • the rated power of the stack having an average unit cell voltage of 0.7 volt (V) is 1 kilowatt (kW).
  • the endplate was formed to a dimension of 200 millimetres (mm) in length, 80 mm in width and 12 mm in height.
  • the reactant gas supply inlet, the exhaust port and the recirculation inlet are formed to a diameter of 12 mm.
  • the fuel supply inlet and the fuel exhaust port are formed to a diameter of 8 mm.
  • a conduct channel linking the recirculation inlet and the reactant gas supply inlet is integrated inside the endplate.
  • the channel is formed to a width of 12mm and a depth of 8 mm.
  • the fuel cell stack contains a total of 64 cells.
  • a 25 micron ( ⁇ ⁇ ) thick catalyst coated proton exchange Nafion membrane having 0.4 milligram per square centimetre (mg/cm 2 ) platinum catalyst loading on both the anode and the cathode was selected.
  • the stack was designed with a liquid cooling structure and was operated at a dead-end mode at the anode.
  • the electrical performance and stability of the stack was tested in both a self- humidification mode with an end plate assembly of the present invention installed and a non-humidification mode employing a conventional end plate.
  • FIG. 5 a graph showing a stack voltage of a fuel cell assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention over a range of operation currents compared to that of a fuel cell assembly employing a conventional end plate is shown.
  • the data for the current-voltage (l-V) curves shown in FIG. 5 are obtained from the assembled fuel cell stack operating in the self-humidifying mode and the non-humidifying mode.
  • the performance of the stack in the self-humidification mode employing the end plate assembly of the present invention is significantly better than that of the stack in the non-humidification mode employing the conventional end plate, and particularly so at high current densities.
  • the improved performance of the self-humidifying stack is attributed to use of the end plate assembly of the present invention which provides the self-humidification function and helps keep the fuel cell stack in a favourable operating condition.
  • FIG. 6 a graph showing a power output of a fuel cell assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention over time compared to that of a fuel cell assembly employing a conventional end plate is shown.
  • FIG. 6 shows the results of stability testing of the stack in both the self- humidification and non-humidification modes. It was found that the power output of the stack in the non-humidification mode decreases rapidly from about 0.9 kW to about 0.3 kW within 5 hours (hr) at an average unit cell voltage of 0.7 V. The power output of the stack in the self-humidification mode however remains stable for over 20 hr at a power output of about 1 kW.
  • a second experiment was performed with a second fuel cell stack having a rated power of 250 watt (W) and an average unit cell voltage of 0.7 V.
  • the second fuel cell stack contains a total of 16 cells.
  • the second fuel cell stack is largely similar to that used in the first experiment, the main difference being the absence of a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet in the second fuel cell stack.
  • the second fuel cell stack was tested without water-cooling.
  • Stability testing was again performed on the stack in both the self- humidification mode with an end plate assembly of the present invention installed and the non-humidification mode employing a conventional end plate.
  • the power output of the stack in the non-humidification mode decreases rapidly from about 240 W to about 70 W within 5 hr at an average unit cell voltage of 0.7 V.
  • no noticeable drop in the power output of the stack was observed in the self-humidification mode within the same period.
  • the present invention provides a fuel cell assembly that uses water produced at a cathode to humidify a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell by recycling the discharged reactant gas stream and water vapour.
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • the end plate assembly of the present invention enables a fraction of the vapour-rich discharged reactant gas to be mixed with and used to humidify fresh intake reactant gas, thereby providing a continuous supply of reactant gas and humidity to the fuel cell system. Additionally, recycling of the discharged reactant gas enhances the heat-exchange and this helps with the heat management and increases temperature uniformity in the fuel cell system.
  • the requirements of the fuel cell system are simplified with the present invention as use of the end plate assembly of the present invention eliminates the need for an external humidification system typically including a reservoir, a heater and piping.
  • the end plate assembly of the present invention thus provides cost and space savings, whilst improving the efficiency of the whole fuel cell system.
  • the cathode sides of all the fuel cells are at negative pressure and evaporation of water is promoted at negative pressure. Consequently, more water is exhausted in vapour form and thus more heat is carried out from the fuel cell stack due to the high evaporation heat of water. This helps with the heat management and improves the stability of the fuel cell stack.
  • the fresh reactant gas is automatically sucked into a mixing chamber where it is humidified and heated by the vapour-rich re-circulated exhaust gas before being distributed into the cathode side of each fuel cell. The water moisture then diffuses through the solid polymer membrane to the anode side.
  • the present invention is suitable for air-cooled and water-cooled fuel cell systems, and particularly, systems that employ near ambient pressure air as the oxidant gas supply.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM) et à un ensemble pile à combustible (38). L'ensemble plaque d'extrémité inclut un élément planaire (10) qui est doté d'un orifice d'entrée (12) et d'un orifice de sortie (14), et une pompe (28). La pompe (28) inclut un orifice d'entrée d'aspiration (30) qui est connecté à l'orifice de sortie (14) de l'élément planaire (10), un premier orifice de sortie d'évacuation (32) qui est en communication fluidique avec l'orifice d'entrée (12) de l'élément planaire (10) et un second orifice de sortie d'évacuation (34). La pompe (28) est agencée de manière à aspirer l'échappement provenant du côté de la cathode de la pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons par l'intermédiaire de l'orifice de sortie (14) de l'élément planaire (10) en vue de créer un environnement de pression négative du côté de la cathode de la pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et de remettre en circulation une partie de l'échappement par l'intermédiaire de l'orifice d'entrée (12) de l'élément planaire (10) pour hydrater une membrane de la pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons.
PCT/SG2012/000048 2012-02-17 2012-02-17 Ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et ensemble pile à combustible employant celui-ci WO2013122540A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2012/000048 WO2013122540A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2012-02-17 Ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et ensemble pile à combustible employant celui-ci
SG11201404839YA SG11201404839YA (en) 2012-02-17 2012-02-17 End plate assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and fuel cell assembly employing same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2012/000048 WO2013122540A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2012-02-17 Ensemble plaque d'extrémité destiné à une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons et ensemble pile à combustible employant celui-ci

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WO2013122540A1 true WO2013122540A1 (fr) 2013-08-22

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000017952A1 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-30 Energy Partners, L.C. Pile a combustible a humidification autonome
WO2007003745A1 (fr) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Plaque monopolaire d'extremite d'une pile a combustible et pile a combustible comprenant une telle plaque
WO2007020819A1 (fr) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de pile à combustible
US20080001313A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Yan Zhang Membrane humidifier for a fuel cell

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000017952A1 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-30 Energy Partners, L.C. Pile a combustible a humidification autonome
WO2007003745A1 (fr) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Plaque monopolaire d'extremite d'une pile a combustible et pile a combustible comprenant une telle plaque
WO2007020819A1 (fr) * 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de pile à combustible
US20080001313A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Yan Zhang Membrane humidifier for a fuel cell

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