US1643710A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

' Original Filed Feb. 18. 1924 avsheets'sheet 1 Q, wroe/vfys 1,643,710 Sept, 27, c M. F-

CALCULATING MACHINE 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Feb. 18. 1924 FIE.E.

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C. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHI NE Original Filed Feb. 18, 1924 8 sheets sheet 3 FIE-3.

Sept c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Y 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Feb. 18, 1924 0 m Wm x w x w t. 27 1927. 1643 710 sep c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 18, 1924 8 sheets'sheet 5 Z m m: WM a Sept. 27, 1927.

c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 18. 1924 8 sheets-sheet 6 NWN C. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Sept. 27 1927.

Original Filed Feb. 18. 1924 8 sheets'sheet 7 In. l RN to 2 t. 27 1927. c. M. F.'FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 18. 1924 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 \um O HTTOE/VEYS Patented Sept--27, 19.27.

CARL M. 1. FRIDEN, OF PIEDMONT,

CALCULATING MACHINE.

CALIFORNIA.

HEISSUED Application filed February 18, 1924. Serial No. 888,546.

The invention relates to calculating machines and particularly to calculating machines adapted to perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and di- 5 vision.

An object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine in which the multiplication or division of a number by any digit is accomplished by the depression of a key.

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine in which the mental operation involved in the problems of division or multiplication is completed by the introduction of the digit multiplier 1 or divisor into the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine which is automatic in its operation to compute problems involving division and multiplication;

A further object of the invention is to rovide a power driven calculating machine in which the operation of the machine is initiated, in problems of multiplication and division, by the depression of a digit key representing one of the factors of the calculation.

A further object of the invention is to provide a universal rotation control mechanism which is adapted. to be operated by either the plus or minus control keys for manually determining the extent and direction of rotation of the actuator, and by value keys for automatically predetermining the number of rotations of the actuator.

A further object of the invention is to rovide, a calculating machine which may e operated to add a given number a'plurality of times without changing the setting of the machine.

A further object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine which is op erative to perform problems in addition and multiplication without change in the setting of the machine.

A further object of the invention is to rovide a power driven calculating machine ving means operable during the operation oidivision to stop the operation of the malchine when the divisor will not go into the 0 dividend a whole number of times.-

A further object of the invention is to provide a power driven calculating machine .lprovided with means for disconnecting the Z'Q source of power from the machine when the 65 machine has completed the calculating operation.

The invention possesses man other advantageous features, some of which, with the foregoing, willbe set forth at length in the following description, where I shall outline in full, that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming art of the resent specification. In said diawings I ave shown one embodiment of my invention but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention, as set forth in the claims, may be embodied in a plurality of forms.

it is manifest that the invention comprising the means for automatically stopping the operation of the calculating machine, after the calculation has been completed, may be combined with any suitable form of calculating mechanism. In the accompanying drawings 1 have shown the invention embodied in a calculating machine comprismg a counting mechanism actuating device consisting of a rotatable drum in which the values to be calculated are introduced, but

it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to use in connection with a calculating machine having a counting. mechanism actuating device of this character or to a machine having a rotatable drum for performing the calculating operation. Further, in the machine shown in the drawings, the values are entered into the counting mechanism actuating device by means of a plurality of depresslble keys, but it is to be understood that other suitable or well-known means 13 1); be employed for introducing the values into the device. It is preferable, however, to embody the invention in a keyboard calculating machine wherein the values are introduced into the machine by the depression of keys. The calculating machine shown in the accompanying drawing is of the true rotary type, embodying a retatable counting mechanism actuator of the reversible cycle type, which is rotated from initial or neutral stop position through a complete cycle in either direction to perform a calculating operation. The actuator is.rotated from neutral stop position through one or more complete cycles of 360 degrees in either direction and is stopped at neutral stop position. The counting mechanism is arranged on a carriage, normally stationary with respect to the actuator, and displaceable longitudinally to make direct action of the actuator on the various figure discs of the counting mechanism possible. The actuator is rotated b an electric motor, preferably continuous y energized durmg the use of the machine, a clutch and stop mechanism being interposed between the motor and the actuator, to permit intermittent rotation of the actuator while the motor operates continuously. A reverslng gear is interposed between the actuator and the clutch to permit rotation of the actuator in either direction.

Referring to said drawings F i ure 1 is a perspective view of one type of ca culating machine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a top or plan view of the machine shown in Figure 1, a portion of the casing being broken away to show the mechanism which operates to stop the machine after the selected calculating operation has been completed.

Figure 3 is a rear view of the machlne shown in Figure 1 with the casing removed.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section through the machine showing one bank of keys and the elements associated therewith for entering the value to be calculated into the rotatable drum.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section through the machine showing the control keys, and the operating mechanism associated therewith for controlling the release of the keys for entering the values into the a drum.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the machine, a portion of the casing being broken away to disclose the actuating keys for performing problems in addition, and subtraction,

' and the mechanism employed for controlling the duration of operation of the machine for solving problems in multiplication and division.

Figure 7 is a detail side elevation of the mechanism for controlling the duration of operation of the machine, the view being taken from the side of the mechanism opposite to that of which the view in Figure 6 is taken. 7

Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical section through the machine showing the keys for predetermining the duration of operation of the machine to perform a calculating operation.

Figure 9 is a cross-section taken on the line 9-9 Figure 8, showing the construction of the first key in the series.

Figure 10 is a cross section taken on the line 1010, Figure 8, showing a value key, the means for holding the key in the de pressed position and the means for releasing the key at the end of the predetermined calculating operation.

Figure 11 is a cross section through the clutch which is interposed between the driving shaft and the rotatable drum.

Figure 12 is a cross-section through the machine showing the means for engaging and disengaging the clutch and for centering the drum 1n neutral position.

Figure 13 is a longitudinal section through the counter-shaft, showing the friction clutch.

Figure 14 is a-detail of a counter mechanism actuating unit in engagement with the counting mechanism.

Fi ure 15 is a side elevation of the cam mem r forming part of an actuating unit.

Figure 16 is a detail of the reversing gear mechanism, the view being a section taken on the line 16-16 Figure 8.

The machine shown in the accompanying drawings is of the keyboard type, in which the values are introduced into the machine by the depression of keys. The depression of a key, introduces a value corresponding to the numeral on the key, into a rotatable drum within the machine, rotation of the drum being efi'ected to accomplish the calculating operation. The values introduced into the drum, are transmitted, on rotation of the drum, to the figure discs of a counting mechanism, which, for the purpose of making direct action of the selected values on the figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation to the value selecting mechanism axis.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a calculating machine in which the mental efl'ort of the operator is finished as soon as the factors of the calculation have been entered into the machine. This is particularly advantageous in a power driven calculating machine, although it may also be used to advantage in a hand operated machine. Calculating machines' have been constructed in the past in which the mechanism has been operated by power but in such machines it has been necessary for the operator to continue to think and to act to stop the machine at the proper time. i

In accordance-with the present invention however, it is not necessary for the operator to think, after the factors have been entered into the machine, since the machine will be automatically stopped when the calculation represented by the factors is completed. Thus, the present machine, not only reduces the manual efi'ort necessary to calculation but greatly reduces the mental effort, the only mental'effort necessary is that required to insure the proper entry of the factors into the machine.

The calculating machine shown in the drawings, and which embodies the present invention comprises a suitable base 22 having side plates 2324, between which the selecting, counting and controlling mechanism devices are arranged. These devices include a counting mechanism arranged on a longitudinally displaccable carriage, a counting Inn the depressed key in under the mechanism actuating drum which, upon rotation, causes the values entered therein, to become effective in operating the counting mechanism, keys for entering the selected values into the drum, keys for" determining the duration or extent of rotation of the drum, an indicator for disclosing the values entered into the drum, an indicator for disclosing the calculations performed or-being performed and other devices for controlling the actuation of the keys, the selecting mechanism, the counting devices, the control devices and other instrumentalities. The machine contains all of the elements necessary to quickly and accurately perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and these operations are performed automatically by the depression of keys. The machine is provided with a cover plate disposed between the side plates and arranged on the cover plate,- and preferably towards the left side thereof, are the banks of keys which form the keyboard for entering values into the drum. In the present illustration, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the machine is provided with nine rows of numeral keys each row comprising nine keys numbered from 1 to 9 consecutively and also including, at its forward end, a clearance key 26, depression of which releases the corresponding row. Vhen a key in a row is depressed, it remains depreJ-Jsed until released, either by the operation of a clearance key or by the operation of the calculating mechanism. Extending across the machine, between the side plates 23-24 are fixed cross bars .27 and 28 upon which the key sections are mounted, each sec tion con'iprising a row of nine keys 25 an one key 26. Each section is formed as a unit and is incorporated in the machine as a unit, and the desired capacity of the machine determines the number of sections to be employed. Each section comprises a top plate or top strip 29, which forms part of the cover plate of the machine. Secured to each top strip, adjacent, but spaced from its ends, is a strap 32 which forms a guiding element for the key shanks 33. The keys are normally held in raised positions by springs 34, bearing against the straps 32 an against the shoulders formed on the key shanks. Disposed below and the under side of the straps 32is a slide 35 normally held in forward position by the spring 36. The slide is provided with a plurality of apertures through which the key shanks extend and each key shank is provided with a detent 37, which, when the key is depressed, causes longitudinal movement of the slide 35 and which engages slide 35, to depressed position. The clearance key 26 is provided on its face with a projection 38, which operates, on depression of the clearin contact with hold the key in the ancekey, to move the slide to release the depressed key.

I The selecting bar or lever which is variably depressed by the depression of the dif ferent 'ke s, .is positioned below the stems an comprises a duplex lever. The main lever 41 is pivoted at its forward end to a tongue 42 secured to and depending from the frame and is connected at its free or movable end with a bent lever 46 fulcrumed on the rod and provided on its other end with a curvedrack 51 meshing with a gear 52 of the counting mechanism actuating device.

Fulcrumed on a tongue 43 positioned between the ends of the lever 41 and nearer the free end thereof, is a secondary lever 44 which is pivoted by the pin 44 to the main lever 41, the pin being located'adjacent the fulcrum on the tongue 43, 'so that a relatively small angular movement of the pin 44 is produced by a greater angular movement of the lever 44. The lever 44 extends toward the pivoted end of the lever 41 and lies alongside the lever 41. The levers are offset laterally just behind the pin 44', so that the main portion of the lever 44 is alined with the rear portion of the main lever 41. The stems of the keys arein alinement and in the present construction, the stems of keys representing the values from 1 to 6 inclusive occur directly above the main portion of the lever 44, and the stems of keys representing the values 7 to 9 inclusive occur'directly above the rear portion of the lever 41. Thus, keys representing the values 1 to 6 inclusive mediately operate the main lever and keys representing the values 7 to 9 inclusive directly operate the main lever. When the key representing value4 is depressed, for instance, it depresses lever 44, thus depressing the free end of the lever 41. When the key representing the value 9 is depressed, it directly depresses the free end of the lever 41. By this arrangement, a slight inaccuracy in the length of the key stem or in the amount of movement of a key stem, will not produce any material variation in the setting of the value selecting elements and greater manufacturd. ing tolerances are permissible, thus rendering quantity production possible.

Mounted on the rod 45, disposed at the rear of the machine, are a plurality of levers 46, there being one lever 46 for each key section. Each lever 46 is provided with a horizontal arm connected to the end of the 'lever 41 and with a vertical arm connected with the value selecting element on the counting mechanism actuating drum. The horizontal arm is provided with a slot 47 which is engaged by a 'pin 48 on the lever 41 to permitrelative movement of the arm and the lever as the lever is depressed by the numeral keys; Depression of the lever through various predetermined distances, causes various angular displacements of the vertical arm 49 of the lever. The vert cal arm 49 is provided on its upper end with a rack 51 concentric with the rod which 1s in engagement with a gear 52 on the value selecting element. Depression of a ke in one section thus causes an angular disp acement of the selecting element 56 associated with the section, to a position corresponding to the numerical value of the depressed key. There is a selecting element associated with each key section, in the present instance there being nine selecting elements. The lever 41 is normally held in raised position and the vertical arm 49 of the lever in retracted position by a spring 49 connecting an arm 50 on the lever 46 to the base of the machine.

The counting mechanism actuating drum is mounted on the shaft 53, supported in the side plate .23 and the intermediate 54, Figure 2. The drum comprises nine counting mechanism actuating wheels 55, Figures 3 and 4, secured to the shaft 53 and nine value selecting elements 56 loose on the shaft, a wheel 55 and an element 56 being combined together to form an actuating unit. The drum also comprises additional wheels 57, Fig. 3, provided with tens carrying pins and selecting element locking means, as will hereafter be described. The drum is rotatable in either direction from an initial position through a complete revolution back to initial position by a driving motor which is connected to the drum through gearing which is capable of being reversed, so that for rotation of the motor in one directlon, the drum may be rotated in either direction.

Each actuating unit comprises a counting mechanism actuating wheel and an associated value selecting element. The actu ating wheel comprises a disc or wheel carrying a diametrically disposed slide or mem ber 65, Fig. 14, seated in the wheel so that it may be moved diametrically thereof.

The slide is provided on one end withan actuating face provided with nine teeth 66, the teeth being arranged on an are concentric with the wheel and having the same pitch as the teeth of the intermediate wheel of the counting mechanism. The slide is held in the groove in the wheel by a ring 67 secured to the wheel and is normally held in retracted position with the teeth or curved rack 66 lying within the periphery of the wheel. The function of the selecting ele-. ment is to projector retract -,the slide, at the proper time during the rotation of the drum, to bring the selected number of teeth into engagement with the counting mechanism. The selecting element 56, to 'one side of which the gear 52 is secured, is provided on its opposite side, that is, the'side which lies adjacent the associated actuating wheel, with counting mechanism, when the a cam 68, Fig. 15, which is engaged by a roller 69 on the slide 65. Thecam 68 is provided with a high face 1 and when the roller is in engagement with thisface, the slide is held in retracted position, and with a low face 72, and when the roller is in contact with the low face, the slide is in pro jected position. To insure the positive sliding movement of the slide, a backing cam 73, complementary to the maincam, is arranged opposite the low {face 72, thus forming a cam groove 74 through which the roller travels as the wheel is rotated, thus insuring the positive slidin motion of the slide at selected times, during the rotation of the wheel, depending upon the setting of the selecting element. The slide is thus reciprocated for each rotation of the wheel and the time of its reciprocation with respect to the position of the wheel, is determined by the setting of the selecting element. When the drum is rotated in one direction, the slide is projected as the actuating face or rack is passing the intermediate wheel of the counting mechanism, so that the selected number of teeth engage the counting mechanism and is withdrawn after it passes the counting mechanism. When the drum is rotated in the opposite direction, the slide is projected before it reaches the counting mechanism and is withdrawn as soon as the intermediate wheel has moved the selected number of steps. When the selecting elemnt is set at zero, the slide is projected after the actuating face has assed the rum is rotated in one direction and is projected and Withdrawn before the actuating face reaches the counting mechanism, when the drum is rotated in the opposite direction. Each of the nine actuating wheels of the drum is provided with a slide 65 having a curved rack 66 on its end and in order that allot the projected racks will not engage the intermediate wheel of the counting mechanism at the same time, during the rotation of the drum, and thus suddenly throw a large load on the driving motor, the slides are spaced apart angularly around the face of the drum.

Means are provided for indicating the values which have been entered into the machine by the depression of the keys, so that itis not necessary for the operator to search over the keyboard to determine the setting of the machine. Each selecting element is provided with a flanged rim section 76, Figure 15, upon which the numerals from zero to 9 are successively delineated and one immeral in each row on the successive selecting elements is visible through a window 77, Figures 1 and 4, in the casing. When a key in a key section is depressed, the numerical value of the key appears in the window in the position occupied by that particular section. Above the window the casing .is prorotation upon the movement of the drum tion. The point at which the locking from neutral position and for preventing the entering of any values into the drum after it has moved from neutral position. Each selecting element is provided with an arcuate rack 81 and these racks are engagable by fingers 82, Fi 4, to prevent movement of the selecting e ement when the drum is out of neutral position. The fingers are mounted on a transverse shaft 83, and are connected together to lock or release all of the selecting elements. Secured to the sleeve to which all of the fingers 82 are secured, is an arm 84, Fig; 12,h'aving a rounded end engaging the cam. 85- s cured to the drum shaft. The cam is provided with a de ression 86 which registers with the end 0 the arm when the drum is in its neutral position, permitting the fingers to fall by gravity from engagement with the racks 81.

Upon movement of the drum, the cam 85 causes 'the arm 84 to' be moved, raising the fingers into engagement with the rack and holding them in suchposition during the time that the drumfl is out of neutral pos1- fingers become effective is determined b the length of the depression 86. The va ues entered into the machine by the depression of the keys can therefore not be altered afterthe drum has moved av predetermined distance from neutral position. Means are also provided for centering the drum in neutral position at the end of each calculating op-' eration. Secured to the drum shaft is a cam 87 havin a dee depression 88, which is engaged bye ro'ler 89 on 'the end of the lever 91. he lever is suitabl pivoted within the machine and. the ro er is pressed a ainst the cam by the spring 92, the slope o the cam and the tension of the spring bein sufiicient to cause the lever to center the rum in neutral position at the end of a calculating operation.

The calculating machine may be employed to perform operations of addition, subtrac-- tion, multiplication and division, a step in any operation being performed b a rotation of the drum. Means are provi ed for setting the mechanism to automatically clear the key-board and drum after each rotation of the drum, when performing problems of addition or subtraction and for causing the values entered on the keyboard to remain unalterable during successive rotations of the drum, when performing the operations of multiplication and division. Secured t0 the sleeve to vwhich the fingers 82 are secured, is an arm 93, Fig. 12, which is raised when the fi the rack. I cans are rovided f0; lockingthis arm in the raise position, when the machine is set to perform operations of multiplication or division so that the setting mechanism will not be released on the rotars are moved into contact with tion'of the drum. The means for holding the arm 93 in raised position consists of a lever or abutment 94 which is rocked by movement of the clutch lever 203. The lever 94 is mounted on the clutch lever shaft 202 and is secured to the clutch lever, so that as the clutch lever is rocked in a clockwise direction'to cause engagement of the clutch the lever. 94 is moved to engage the raise arm 93 and hold it in such position, thusholdin the detents 82 in en agement with the rac s 81. Movement of t e clutch lever to cause disengagement of the clutch, rocks lever 94 and t is removes the stop from below the arm 93, so that the detents are free to fall from engagement .with the racks.

During the operations of addition and subtraction, the key-board isautomatically cleared at each rotation of the drum but- .during. the operations of multiplication and division, the key-board is not automatically cleared when the drum moves from neutral position, but is cleared b the use of a clearance key, which will ereafter be described, and which isused after the completion of the multiplying or dividing operation.

The values entered into the drum, are

transferred, upon rotation thereof, to the.

counting mechanism which is arranged on the longitudinally movable carriage 95g which is movable to permit the action 0 the actuating element on the counting wheels of different value. Any suitable means are provided for moving the carriage longitudinally either in a step-by-step movement or continuously to either end of its range of travel. Usually the carriage is moved in a step-by-step movement by means of a'lever 96 arranged at the front of the ca:e and mounted on the shaft97 which extends backward to the carriage shifting mechanism 98. Any suitable form of carriage shifting mechanism may be employed and I have had successful results with the carriage shifting mechanism shown-in my copending application Serial No. 539,422, filed February 27, 1922, to which reference is hereby made for a more complete description of such mechanism. The counting mechanism comprises a plurality of figure discs 101, Fig. 14, arranged in axial alinement in the longitudinally displaceable carriage. The figure discs are mounted on a shaft and have figures on their faces which are visible through apertures 99 in-the carriage casing. Each disc is provided onone side with a toothed wheel 102, secured thereto, and meshing with an I intermediate toothed wheel 103 loosely mounted on the shaft 104. Upon rotation of the drum, the toothedfaces of the actuating element move into enga ement with the intermediate wheels, causing rotation thereof and consequently rotation of the figure discs. The figure discs are prevented from overthrowing and are caused to move with a step-by-step movement b the escapement latches 105, Fig. 4, pivote on the shaft 106. These latches are held in latchin 'engagement with the toothed wheels of the counting discs by spring pressed balls 108 carried by the bar 109. The bar'is rotatable to move the balls out of engagement with the latches and thus free the latches, when it is desirable to reset the figure discs to zero. Suitable or well-known means may be employed for rotating the figure discs to zero,

y the rotation of the shaft on. which the identified for causing the release of the latches on the initial movement of the crank 112 so that the number discs may be readily returned to zero position. vThe counting mechanism is also provided with suitable transfer levers 113 which 0 erate in conjunction with laterally mova le tens-carrying pins on the drum, to carry over values from one counting disc to the counting disc of next higher denomination. Transfer levers and tens-carrying pins of the type shown in my copendmg application may e used in the machine shown in the present application and these devices are well known in the calculating machine art so that it is not necessary herein to describe their construction or mode of operation.

The machine is provided with means for indicating the third factor of the calculation. One factor is indicated by the depression of the value keys of the keyboard, the other factor is indicated on the counting mechanism on the carria e and the third factor is indicated indepen ently of the first two.

For instance, in the operation of multiplica-' tion, the multiplicand is shown at the window 77, the product is shown on the car riage and the multiplier is shown at the window 109*. This third factor is entered into the machine by the rotation of the drum, whichv is rotatable in either direction as has been set forth hereinbefore. The third factor indicating mechanism is mounted between the side plate 24 and the' intermediate plate 54 and comprises a counting mechanism consisting of a plurality of numeral wheels 114, Fig. 8, each provided on its side with a toothed wheel 115 and meshing with intermediate toothed .wheels 116. The counting wheels are movable with a step-bydiscs are mounted, which is provided ex-' -ternally e step motion controlled by the springpressed detents 117. The selected intermediate wheel.

116 is rotated one tooth for each revolution of thedrum by the tooth 118 splined to the shaft 119. v The tooth 118 is movable longitudinally of the shaft 119 into the plane of theintermediate wheel of the selected do nomination by the longitudinal movement an indicator 122, Figures 1 and 81, which indicates the denomination of'the numeral being entered into thethird factor. Secured to the collar 120 is a rod 123 which is connected to the carriage as shown in my copending application so that the indicator 122 moves in time with and in the opposite direction to the carriage. The shaft 119 is rotated by and in time with the rotation of the drum. Rotatably mounted adjacent the numeral wheels 114 is a tens-carrying drum 128, this drum being provided with cams 129 and spring pressed pins 131 which cooperate with the transfer levers 132 of the counting mechanism to carry 'tens to .the counting wheels of next higher denomination. Means are provided for causing the tens-carrying drum 128 to rotate in either direction for one direction of rotation of the value drum, in order to permit the third factor register to be' used in connection with problems in both multiplication and division.

The drum is driven by an electric motor 135 which is preferably mounted on the base of the machine at the rear portion thereof. The motor shaft 136 is suitably journalled in the frame of the machine and is provided with a flexible coupling 137 to reduce the vibration which ma be transferred from the motor to the mec anism and also to take care. of any lack of accurate mounting of the 'motor shaft; Secured to the motor shaft is the friction disc is a gear 143. The gears.

139 and 143 and the friction disc 142 are pressed into tight frictional contact by the coiled spring 144 surrounding the hollow shaft 141. Thegears 139 and 143 are thus frictionally connected so that normally power is transmitted from gear 139 to gear 143, but in the event that gear 143 is held 5, 8, and 16. The gear 149 is movable longitudinally. of the shaft .191 to two different positions to accomplish the reversal of the direction of rotation of the drum with respect to the direction of rotation of the motor. When the machine is being used, the motor is in continuous operation, rotating in one direction, and since it is essential, in performing the different problems in calculation to rotate the drum in opposite directions, a reversing gear is inserted for this purpose and the shifting of the gear 149 accomplishes this reversal. The gear 149 is shifted longitudinally of the shaft 191 by the arm 151 which engages the collar 148. The arm 151 is secured to the rod 152 which extends through the hollow shaft 141. At its end, the rod 152 is provided with a slot in which is disposed the warped or bent arm 153, Fig. 8, of the lever 154 and by shifting the lever 154, the rod 152 is moved lengthwise to shift the gear 149. The mechanism employed for shifting the lever 154 will be described hereafter.

Journalled on a shaft tel-mediate wall 54 is a and 16, which engages mounted 'in the inpinion 155, Figs, 3

the gear 149 when such gear is in one of its positions. Secured to a shaft 156 journalled in the intermediate wall 54 is a gear 157 which engages the gear 149 when said latter gear is in its other position. The gears 155 and 157 are in mesh with each other so that they always rotate in opposite directions. When the gear 157 is in mesh with the gear 149, such gear 157 rotates in the opposite direction to gear 149.-

lVhen the gear 157 is out of mesh with gear 155 is in mesh with gear 149, then gear 157 rotates in the same direction as gear 149. Therefore the direction of rotation of gear 157 is reversed by shifting1 the gear 149. Secured to the shaft 156 an lying on the opposite side ofthe intermediate wall is a gear 158 which meshes with a gear 159 journalled on a shaft mounted in ,the intermediate wall and the gear 159 meshes with the gear 161 which is secured to .the drum shaft. Therefore by shifting the gear 149, the direction of rotation of the drum is reversed. The gears 157, 159 and 161 are of the same diameter and the gear gear 139 may rotate, due to the.

161 is of the same diameter as the gear 157 so that the drum rotates at the same speed as the gear 157. I

Splined to the shaft of the tens-carrying drum 128 and lying on the same side of the intermediate wall as the gear 157, is a gear 162 which is of the same diameter as the gear 157., The gear 162 is secured to or integral with a collar 163 which is also slidable on the shaft of the tens-carrying drum 128 so that the gear 162 is movable longitudinally of the shaft into engagement with either the gear 157 or the pinion 155. 0 When the gear 162 is in mesh with the gear 157, these two gears rotate in opposite direction and when the ear 162 is in mesh with the pinion 155, an out of mesh with the gear 157', the gear 157 and the gear 162 rotate in the'same direction. Thus, regardless of the direction of rotation of the calculating drum, the gear 162 may rotate in the same direction or in the. opposite direction, thus causing the tens-carrying drum 128, Fig. 3, to rotate in the same or opposite direction. The collar 163 is shifted longitudinally of the shaft by an arm 164 secured to the slidable rod 165 which is held in either of its two positions by the spring pressed ball 166. The rod 165 is provided in its end with a slot which is engaged by the bent or warped end of the lever 167 which projects through an aperture in the casing, Figures 1 and 8, so that by moving the lever 167, the gear 162 is shifted into engagement with either the gear 157 or the pinion 155, depending upon the desired direction of rotation of the tenscarrying drum 128. In performing problems in division it is essential that the tenscarrying drum 128 rotate in a direction to show increasing values on the register 114, whereas the main actuator comprising the element 56, must rotate in a reverse or subtraction direction. It is therefore necessaryto provide means of rotation of the tens-carrying drum 128 with respect to the actuator comprising the element 56. The tens carrying drum 128 and the actuating finger 118 may therefore be rotated in the same or 167. When these elements are set to rotate in one direction, the register 114 will show the number of rotations of the actuator and when set-to rotate in the opposite direction, the re ister will show the complement of the num er of rotations of the actuator. This feature of the machine, that is, the ability to show the true number or its complement, is of reat advantage in solving certain arithmetical problems, for instance, when it is desired to ascertain the number of monthly payments of a fixed amount which must be made to liquidate the purchase price of anarticle plus interest. For instance, the purchase is for $500.00

sition of the lever the opposite 'direction to the actuator depending upon the po-.

perform many calculating operations with Y a much less number of operations of the,

.motor or calculating drum, than has heretofore been possible.

The third factor counter 114 is also advantageously used in determining multiplier complements, square roots and in problems in division. The counting wheels 114 are readily reset to zero by. rotation of the crank 168 secured to the shaft on which the counting wheels are mounted. Any suitable means, such as is shown in my prior application above identified, may be employe for releasing the latch 117 to permitthe counting wheels 114 to be readily reset to zero position.

Means areprovided for clearing the keyboard and for setting the machine to perform problems in addition and subtraction, the machine being normally set to perform problems .in multiplication and division. Arranged on the keyboard are three keys, Figures 1 and 5,. one key 171 marked Clear, depression of which clears all inserted values from the keyboard; another key 172 marked Non-repeat, which, when depressed, sets the machine for. operations of addition and subtraction, and anotherkey 173, marked Repeat, depression of which releases key 172 and restores the machine to condition for operations of multiplication and division. The slides 35,which serve to hold. the depressed numeral keys in depressed position, are normally held forward by springs 36 and are provided on their rear ends with lips 174, Fig. 4. Pivoted to the frame of the machine, and disposed in front. of the lips 174 of the plurality of slides 35, is a gate or plate 175, which when pushed backward, moves the slides 35 backward and thus causes. the release of the key-shanks. Pivoted within the casing on a post 176, Fig. 5, is a lever 177, one end of which is disposed below the shank of the key 171. The other end of the lever is provided with a cam face 178 which lies adjacent the lower ,end of the gate 17 5,

so that depression of the key .171 rocks the gate 17 5 thus moving the slides 35 to release all of the depressed numeral keys.

The devices set into operation by the deression of the key 172, which is held in depressed position by the spring pressed slide 179 engaging the projection. 181 on the shank of the key, comprise a tripper bar 182 pivoted to the gear 157 so that its free end is reciproeated as the gear is rotated. This gear is directly connected to the calculating mechanism 0 rating drum and rotates synchronously t erewith. At its free end, the bar 182 is provided with a rojection 183 which reciprocates back an forth below the gate 175 and normally out of contact with the gate. The bar 1s supported intermediate its ends and slides on a lateral projection 184v on the lever 185, pivoted mtermediate its ends to the post 176. The front end of the lever 185 lies below the shank of the key 172 so that when said ke is depressed, the projection 184 is raise raising the free end of the bar 182 so that the projection engages and swings the ate 175, at each rotation of the gear 157. The depressed numeral ke s are thus released during the rotation o the drum. Depression of the key 172 therefore @causes the depressed keys of the keyboard to be releasedv during the rotation of the drum and delpression of the key 173 releases depressed ey 172 and consequently renders the releasing mechanism inoperative so that the keys of the keyboard repeated rotations of the drum. These keys may be released by depression of the clearance key 171. The key 173 cannot be locked in depressed position and its function is to release key 172. I

The ke s 172 and 173 may be designated as contro keys since the'depression of these keys determine the control of the keyboard during the calculating operation.

lnterposed between the driving shaft 145 and the driving gear 149, is a normally disengaged clutch 147, Figs. 2 and 12, the normal disengagement of this clutch permitting the motor to run continuouslywithout causing rotation of the driving gear 149. The clutch comprises a ratchet wheel 188, Fig. 11, secured tothe shaft 145 and a housing 189 secured to the shaft 191 on which the 191 is in axial alinement wit-h the'sliaft 145. Pivoted in the housing 189 is a pawl 192 having a'tooth 193 adapted to be moved into engagement with the ratchet 188 by the spring 194. The tooth 193 is normally held out of engagement with the ratchet so that the ratchet is free to rotate without causing rotation of the housing. The housing 189 is provided with an aperture 195 through which an ear 196 of the awl 192 extends. By pressing the ear 196 inward, the tooth 193 is moved from'engagement with the ratchet 188 and means are provided for normally holding the ear pressed inward so that the pawl is out of engagement with the ratchet. Whenthe means holding the ear 196 depressed, is removed, the pawl drops surrounding collar 148 is splined. The shaft remain depressed during into engagement with the ratchet andremains in enga em'ent until the ear 196 18 again depresse Means are rovided for permitting the engagement an causing the disengagement of the clutch for centerm the housing 1n neutral positlon at the disengagement of the clutch and for preventing improper operation of the clutch. Pivoted 1n the casing on the shaft 202, Fig. 12, disposed below the clutch, is a lever 203 having a pro ection 204 on its end which is adapted to en age the ear 196 of the pawl and disengage-t e pawl from the ratchet. The lever 203 is normally held in position with the projection 204 1n contact with the face of the housing 189 by a spring 205 connected to the other end of the lever. As the clutch rotates the projection 204 engages the ear 196 and causes disengagement of the clutch. The clutch is held in neutral position by a lever 206 secured to the lever 203 and having a cam shaped end 207 adapted to seat in a similarly shaped depresslon 208 on the face of the housing. The clutch is therefore always stopped in neutral position after disengagement.

Means are provided for preventing the shifting of the ear 149 exce t when the clutch 1s in neutra position an for reventing rotation of the clutch during t e time that the gear is being shifted. ecured to the clutch housin is a disc 209, Fig. 11, which projects outwar beyond the housing and which is provided, beyond the periphery of the housin with an aperture or ind entation 212. cured to the arm 151, Fig. 2, which shifts the ear 149, is a profectlon 213 having a head 214 of substantia ly the same shape as the aperture 212. When the housing 189 is in neutral position, the aperture 212 is alined with the head 214 so that the head may be moved through the aperture. When the housing is not in neutral osition, the aperture is not alined with the read and consequently the head may not bemoved through the opening, thereby reventing the gear 149 from being shi ted. Similarly, during the time that the head 214 is moving through the aperture 212, the housin 189 may not rotate, due to the presence of the head in the aperture. The means for shiftin the gear 149 and the means for ,releasing t e clutch, are operated by the same instrumentalities and by providing the head 214, the clutch is prevented from rotating before the gear has completed its Ill) shift. In the shifting of the gear, the head moves entirely through the aperture in the disc 209 and prevents rotation of the disc as it is moving through the aperture.

Arranged on the keyboard are two actuating keys 216 -217, Fig. 6. the key 216 being designated as the addition key and the key 217 being designated as the subtraction key.

Depression of the key 216 causes engagement plurality of times, the gear is not shifted.'

It is understood that depression of the key 216-positions the gear 149 in onev osition and depression of the key 217 positions the gear 149 in the other position. The keys 216 and 217 are normally held in their raised position by springs 218 and, preferably, the eys are not provided with means for hold-.

ing-them in the depressed position. Disposed below the-keys 216 and 217 is a bracket 219 to which the T-shaped lever 221 is pivoted adjacent its upper end. One arm 222 of the T-shape'd lever lies under the shankof the key 216 and the other arm 223 of the T-shaped lever lies under the stem of the key 217. Depression of the key 216 rocks the lever 221to the position shown in Figure 6 and depression of the key 217 rocks the lever 221 to its opposite position. Connected to the lower end of the lever 221 is a rod or link 224 which is connected at its other end to the lever 154 which operates to shift the shaft 152. See also Figure 8. Depression of the keys 216 and 217 therefore serve to shift the shaft 152 and thus shift the gear 149 to accomplish reverse rotation of the counting mechanism actuating drum.

Means are also provided for causing the depression of either key 216 or'217 to cause engagement of the clutch. Pivoted to the bracket 219 adiacent the bottom thereof is ,a late 226 which is rocked backward by the depression of a key. the plate being normally held in its forward position by the spring 227, Figures 2 and 12. The plate is provided. below the shank of the key 216 with a flat surface 228 which is engaged by the shank of the key to cause the plate to rotate about its pivot 229. Below the shank of the key 217 the plate 226 is provided with an inclined face 231 which, when it is engaged by the shank of the key, causes the plate to rock backward. The plate is against the tension of the spring 205 and this movement, of the lever 203 withdraws the projectionv 204 from contact with the ear 196 and withdraws the lever 206 from the depression 208 thereby permitting engagement of the clutch and rotation of the clutch housing. In accordance with the mechanism so far described, the clutch will remain in engagement as long as either of the keys 216 or 217 is held depressed and as soon as pressure is released from the keys, the spring 227, Fig. 6, will pull the lever 232 backward and cause the projection 204 on the lever 203 to disengage the clutch and Cause the lever 206 to'stop rotation of the housing in neutral position. Ordinarily, however, the keys 216 and 217 are used only to perform problems in addition and subtraction and are not held down to accomplish problems in multiplication or division. A quick depression and release of either of the keys will result in the disengagement of' the clutch after one rotation of the counting mechanism actuating drum, but means have been provided, as will be set forth hereinafter whereby when the control key 172 is depressed. depression of either of the keys 216 or 217 will result only in one cycle of operation of the machine, regardless of the duration of time during which these keys 216 or 217 are held depressed. In other words. the machine may be operated to cause continuous rotation of the counting mechanism actuating drum as long as the actuating key is held depressed or may be operated to disengage the clutch after one cycle of operation of the drum. regardless of whether or not the key is held depressed. With the control keys set so that the counting mechanism continues in operation as long as either of the'actuating keys is held depressed, the machine thus far described may be used in calculating problems in'multiplication and division but such calculation requires mental eflort on the part of the operator to count the rotations of the drum and to release the actuating key when the desired number of rotations have occurred. The machine, how-ever, embodies means which are thrown into actuation by the depression of other value keys to cause the drum to rotate a number of times corresponding to the value of the depressed key and then cause the machine to function to disengage the clutch so that the mental effort of the operator is completed by the depression of the value key.

' Arranged on the keyboard is another set of value keys 236, Figure 1 and Fig. 8, including nine keys numbered from 1 to 9 successively and a clearance key 237 adapted to release any of the depressed keys 236 for the purpose of correcting an error in the setting or for other purposes. With the motor in operation, the depression of any one of the keys 236 will cause the counting mechanism actuating drum to be rotated a number of tlmes corresponding to the value of the depressed key. That is', depression of the key marked 3 will cause rotation of the drum three times and depression of the key marked 8 will cause rotation of the drum eight t mes. At the end of the duration of rotation indicated by the numeral on the key, the clutch is disengaged and locked in neutral position. The shanks 238 of the keys 236 are normally held in raised position by springs 239 and each shank is provided with a cam-shaped projection 241, which, when the key is depressed, causes longitudinal movement of the slide bar 242. The key shanks extend through apertures in the slide bar 242 so that depression of a key causes a shding movement of the .bar. Means are provided for normally holding the slide bar 242 in retracted position and for returning it to such position after the release of the depressed key. The depression of a key 236 sets devices in position to d'etermine the duration of operation of the drum. The engagement of the clutch and the consequent operation of the machine may be caused by the depression of either of the keys 216 or 217, but I prefer to connect the series. of keys 236 with the clutch operating mechanism so that depression of one of the keys 236 will not only set in position the devices which limit the duration of operation-of the drum but will also actuate the devices which cause engagement of the clutch. With such arrangement,- it is then only necessary to depress one of the keys 236 to accomplish multiplication by the number on the depressed key. The keys 236 may be connected with the clutch control mechanism by connecting the slide bar 242 with the rocking plate 226, Figure 6, so that when any key 236 is depressed, the plate 226 is rocked to cause engagement of the clutch. Secured to the end of the slide bar 242 is a bracket 243 which s connected to the plate 226 by the rod 244. The spring 227, see Figure 12, serves to hold the slide bar 242 in retracted position. When a key 236 is depressed, the slide bar 242 is moved forward and consequently the plate 226 is rocked to move the lever 232 to cause engagement of the clutch.

Means are provided for holding the depressed key 236 in depressed position and for releasing the depressed key after the drum has rotated a number of times corresponding to the value of the depressed key. When the key is released, the wedge 241, Fig. 10, moves from contact with the slide bar 242 and permits the slide bar to be retracted, such retracting movement being accompanied by a forward movement of the rocPliing plate 226, Fig. 6, to neutral position. ach key shank 238 is provided inits side with a notch 245, Fig. 10, which, when the key is drum when the drum has rotate depressed, is adapted to be engaged by the latching plate 246. The latch ng plate 246 extends longitudinally alongside the bank of keys 236 and is pivoted at its end on screws 247 set in the frame 248 through which the key shanks 238 extend. By rocking the plate 246 about its pivot, the plate is withrawn from the notch in the de resscd key and the key permitted to rise. 'l he key 237 Fig. 9, is provided on its sidewith a cam face 249 which is engaged by the plate 246 and when the ke 237 is depressed, this cam face causes the p ate 246 to be rocked sutiiciently to remove it from the notch of the depressed key. The late 246 is held in contact with the sides 0 the key shanks 238 by a spring 252 which exerts an upward pull on the ear 253 which constitutes a lateral extension from the lower portion ofthe plate 246.

The plate is therefore sprin pressed against the sides of the shanks of the key.

The forward end of the lever 232, Fig. 6, rests on the car 253 and when, by the operation of the limit determining means, the rear end of the lever 232 is raised, the front end of such lever depressesthe'ear 253, rocking the plate 246 about its pivot and releasing the depressed key. When the released key moves upward, the side 242 is retractedand consequently the rocking plate 226 is moved forward to normal position by the spring 227. It is the rocking movement of the lever 232 about its pivot on the rocking plate 226 that causes the movement of the plate 246 to release the dc ressed key. Below the notch 245, each key siank is provided with a depression having a slightly inclined upper wall so that after the key has been released the rocking plates 246 may be moved backward by the spring 252 to neutral position.

I shall now describe the means employed in the machine shown in the drawings for limiting the number of rotations of the counting mechanism actuating drum to the value appearing on the depressed key 236. This mechanism operates to cause disen gagement of the clutch and stop ing of the a number of times corresponding to the value of the depressed key. Associated with the shanks of the keys 236, Fig. 8, and disposed below such shanks is a duplex lever consisting of the main lever 255 pivoted at its forward end to the ear 256 which is disposed adjacent the front of the machine. Pivoted to an ear 257, preferably arranged adjacent the shank of the eight value key, is a secondary lever 258 which, intermediate its ends, is ivoted to the main lever 255. The auxiliarylever 258 lies below and is adapted to be engaged by the shanks of the keys 236' representing the values from 1 to 6 inclusive so that depression of any of these keys causes downward movement of the auxiliary; lever and corresponding movement of @the main lever 255. The ends of the key shanks are spaced for different distances mm the lever 258 so that the lever is moved for different amounts by the depression of the different keys. The lever 255 is offset adjacent its rear end so that the rear end 'of such lever lies directly below and is adapted to be engaged by the shanks of the keys 236 representing the values 7, 8 and 9. Depression of either of these ke s causes movement of the lever 255 and the (eys are so proportioned that the rear end of the lever 255 is moved a. distance corresponding to the value of the de ressed key. The advantages derived by tl'ie use of a duplex lever have been set forth hereinbefore in connection with the duplex levers used with the keys for entering values into the machine. The movement of the rear end of the lever 255 is em loyed to position a trip actuating device whlch is variably positioned, in accordance with the value of the depressed key, and I which operates to move the trip to cause disengagement ofthe clutch after the drum has rotated a number of times corresponding to the value of the depressed key.

, Arranged adjacent the rear portion of the machine is a frame 261, Fig.6, which is secured to the base of the machine. Pivoted to the frame 261 adjacent its forward end is a lever 262 which is moved about its fulcrum by the lever 255. The lever 2621s fulcrumed intermediate its ends on the screw 263 seated in the frame 261 and the V lever 255 is rovided at its rear end with a slot264 in w iich is disposed a pin 265 which projects from the rear portion, of the lever .262. The depression of a key 236 causes downward movement of the rear-end of the lever 255 and consequently downward movement of the pin 265 which results in upward movement of the forward portion of the lever 262; This lever is normall held with its forward portion depressed y the spring 266. The position of the forward end of the lever 262 is determined by the value of the depressed key 236.

Slidably mounted in the frame 261 is a rack bar 267, Fig. 7, which is guided at its forward end by the headed pin 268 which extends through the slot 269 in the frame 261. This slot 269 preferably inclines upward slightly towards the rear of the frame. At its rear end, the rack bar 267 is guided by the roller 271. Mounted in the frame 261 above and in mesh with the rack bar 267 is a pinion 272 which is rotated in a step-bystep movement to cause ste -by-step movement of the rack'bar 267. xtending from the side of the clutch housing 189, is a pin 27 3, Fig. 6, which is adapted to engage the pinion 272 and move such pinion one step for each rotation of the clutch housing. The rack bar 267 is therefore moved one step backward for each rotation of the clutch housin Pivoted to the frame 261 above the-rac bar 267 is a latch 274 which may be held in contact with the teeth of the rack bar 267 by gravity orv by the spring 275. The latch and the rack bar are constructed to permit a step-by-step backward movement of the rackbar and to hold the rack bar in its backward position. Means are provided for releasing the latch to permit the rack bar to return to neutral position,

"when the drum has rotated a number of times corresponding to the value of the depressed key.

Pivoted to the pin 268 which is secured to the rack bar is an arm 276 which is provided with an elongated slot 277 in which is disposed the pin 278 which projects laterally from the forward end of the lever 262. The arm 27 6 is thus positioned in variable angular positions, due to the depression of thevarious value keys 236. The arm 276 is provided with an ear 281 having a laterally extending pin 282 which operates to contact with and move the tripping mechanism at substantially the end of the last rotation of the counting mechanism actuating drum as determined by the value of the depressed key 236. The pin 282 is variably positioned by the depression of the various keys 236 and the movement of this pin serves to actuate the tripping mechanism for stopping the operation of the machine.

Arranged in cooperative relation with the pin 282 is a stepped plate 283 which has a limited longitudinal sliding movement on the pins 284 and 285 secured to the frame 261.

The plate 283 is normally held in its forward position bythe spring 286 connected at one end to the pin 284 secured to the frame an at the other end to the pin 287 secured to the plate. The forward edge of the plate 283 is provided with a series of vertical steps 288, the successive steps being set backward a distance equal to the length of one step of movement of the rack bar267. The front edge of the plate 283 lies in the vertical plane of the pin 282, so that as the pin 282 is moved backward by the backward movement of the rack bar 267, the pin contacts with the vertical face of one of the steps 288, depending upon the angular position of the arm 27 6 on which the pin is carried. The steps 288 are so arranged that the pin 282 is moved into contact or approximate contact with the. vertical face of the step when the machine has completed one less than the predetermined number of operations so that the final operation or 1:0- tation of the drum will cause the pin to move the plate 283 backward. When the key 236 representing the value fl is depressed, the pin 282 is moved to position in front and substantially in contact with the face of the first step 288 so that the first rotationv of the drum will cause the movement of the slide plate 283 and the release of the clutch.

Means are provided for causing the movement of the slide plate 283 to release the ward, the upper portion of the lever 291 is moved forward, due to the abutment 292 and this forward movement of the upper portion of the lever is employed to cause the release of the clutch and the release of the rack bar 267 and the setting mechanism. The lever 291 is provided on its upper end with an ear 293 which lies in back of and adjacent an ear 294 on the latch 274. As the upper end of the lever 291 is moved forward, the ear 293 engages the ear 294, rocking the latch 274 about its pivot and releasing the rack bar 267. The rack bar is then returned to neutral position by the spring 295 connecting the rear end of the rack bar with the frame 261.

The rear portion of the-lever 232, Fig. 6, lies alongside of the upper portion of the lever .291 and the lever 232 is provided with a laterally extending pin 296 which lies adjacent to the cam face 297 of the lever 291. As the lever 291. is rocked, due to the backward movement of the stepped plate 283,.

the cam face 297 slides under the pin 296 raising the rear end of the lever 232 and raising the lever from engagement with thepin 235 on the end of the clutch control lever. The spring 205, Figure 12, abruptly moves the clutch control lever to cause disengagement of the clutch and the lever 206 causes the positioningof the clutch in neutral position. The upward movement of the rear end of the lever 232 by the pin 296, causes downward movement of the front end of the lever 232 causing the latch plate 246 to be rocked to release the key stems 238. The upward movement of the key stems releases the slide plate 242 and permits the spring 227 to move the rock plate 226 back to neutral position. The release of the depressed key 236 releases the lever 255 and permits the spring 266 to return the lever 262 to neutral position and consequently return the lever 276 to neutral posit-ion. These various actions occur substantially simultaneously so that as soon as the slide plate 283 is moved by the pin 282,-the machine is stopped and all parts thereof returned to neutralposition. When the machine is employed to perform problems in addition, subtraction or division, or when it is used to perform problems in multiplication by the use of the plus key 216, the non-repeat key 172 is in elevated

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