Fernando vii
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Fernando VII ruled Spain from 1814 to 1833, which can be divided into three periods. In the first absolutist period from 1814 to 1820, Fernando VII had unlimited power and suppressed liberals and the constitution. Growing discontent led to a liberal uprising in 1820, beginning the second liberal period until 1823 when French forces restored absolutism. The third period from 1823 to 1833 was one of decadence as Spain lost its colonies and was weakened by internal conflicts over succession.
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Fernando vii
- 1. THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII
- 2. When the War of Independence finished in 1814, there were two groups of people in Spain: LIBERALS (LIBERALES) ABSOLUTISTS (ABSOLUTISTAS) They wanted a Constitutional Monarchy where the king rules but also the ministers that were voted by people. They wanted the king to have unlimited power.
- 3. In 1814, Fernando VII was king again and he came back to Spain. He was called the Desired (el Deseado) because liberals, absolutists and people wanted him to return. LIBERALS ABSOLUTISTS PEOPLE They wanted to continue with the Constitution of 1812. They wanted Spain to improve after a six-year period of war. They wanted the king to have unlimited power.
- 4. After the Independence War, Fernando VII was ruling Spain from 1814 to 1833. There are three periods of time within these years: 1. ABSOLUTIST PERIOD 2. LIBERAL PERIOD 3. PERIOD OF DECADENCE
- 6. Fernando VII considered the Constitution of 1812 illegal so thanks to this, the king had unlimited power. People could not vote with Absolutism.
- 7. With the return of Absolutism, the Catholic Church gained power so...
- 8. The return of Inquisition was a fact. The Inquisition punished all people that did not follow the rules of the Catholic Church.
- 10. More and more colonies in America started to be independent. This was because they knew that Spain became weaker after the Independence War against France.
- 11. More and more people and soldiers wanted a country with a Constitution, so in 1820 the soldier Rafael del Riego led an uprising against Fernando VII.
- 12. Rafael del Riego led the uprising in Las Cabezas de San Juan (Sevilla) against the absolutist Fernando VII.
- 13. 2. LIBERAL PERIOD: 1820-1823
- 14. After the uprising led by Rafael del Riego, Fernando VII accepted the Constitution of 1812, so Spain was a Constitutional Monarchy again.
- 15. However, other european countries (especially France) were absolutists, so they were unhappy with the Constitutional Monarchy. Therefore; they wanted absolutism to come back to Spain.
- 16. Thus, the king of France; Luis XVIII (who was Fernando VII's uncle) sent an army to Spain. This army was called Los Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis (Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis).This took place in 1823. Luis XVIII from France
- 17. One Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis.
- 18. 3. PERIOD OF DECADENCE: 1823-1833
- 19. The second invasion of Spain by France meant the return of Absolutism. This brought some consequences:
- 20. The end of Constitution of 1812 and Constitutional Monarchy.
- 21. Many supporters of Constitution had to escape from Spain to other countries.
- 22. Other supporters were killed such as Rafael del Riego and El Empecinado.
- 23. There was a problem of succession. Fernando VII did not have any children, so his brother Carlos was supposed to be the next king.
- 24. However, Fernando VII got married for the fourth time. This time, it was with his niece María Cristina. And finally, María Cristina got pregnant.
- 25. Fernando VII wanted his child to become king/queen and not his brother Carlos. But there was a problem. According to Ley Sálica (Salic Law) that was developed in 1713, women could not become queens.
- 26. Fernando VII changed that law in case he had a daugher.
- 27. ...and he was right. In 1830 his daughter Isabel was born.
- 28. This period was considered a period of decadence because the American colonies became independent countries. The only territories that belonged to Spain were Cuba and Puerto Rico.
- 29. In 1833 Fernando VII died with his daughter Isabel being only three years old. Spain was divided between the supporters of Carlos and the supporters of the Regent Queen María Cristina.